Menene atherosclerosis kuma menene musabbabinsa?

Ana daukar Atherosclerosis daya daga cikin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya. Abin da kawai kuke buƙatar tunani game da waɗannan alƙaluman: sakamakon mummunan daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da tsarin wurare dabam dabam a cikin Tarayyar Rasha shine 800.9 ga mazaunan dubu 100, lokacin da a Japan - 187.4, da Faransa - 182.8.

Aruwar yawan masu haƙuri da cutar atherosclerosis an danganta ta da rayuwa mai wahala da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Bayyanar cututtuka na farko na ilimin cututtukan cuta yana taimakawa hana mummunan sakamako - haɓakar rashin lafiyar zuciya, hypoxia, ischemia, da dai sauransu. Jiyya ya haɗa da abubuwa da yawa: shan magani, maganin rage cin abinci, da kuma a cikin matsanancin yanayi, har ma da tiyata.

Menene atherosclerosis?

Da yawa sun ji labarin wannan cuta, amma lokacin da aka tambaye shi menene atherosclerosis, ba kowa bane ke iya ba da amsa daidai. Cutar wani rauni ne na tasoshin jijiyoyin jiki-na roba da na roba tare da filayen atheromatous, wadanda tarin abubuwa ne na cholesterol da sauran gungun kwastomomi na furotin na musamman - lipoproteins. Pathology yana haɓaka sakamakon ƙarancin ƙwayar abinci mai narkewa da ƙwayar gina jiki.

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan lipoproteins wadanda ke daukar cholesterol ta hanyar jini kuma suna isar da su ga dukkanin tsarin salula: girma mai yawa (HDL), ƙarancin ƙima (LDL) da ƙarancin ƙima (VLDL). Bayyanuwar allunan atherosclerotic suna da alaƙa daidai da mahimmancin LDL da VLDL a cikin jiki, wanda ya ba da izinin "mummunan" cholesterol. Wadannan mahadi suna cikin maye a cikin ruwa, sabili da haka, adadinsu mai yawa a cikin jini yana haifar da sanya iska mai laushi da farko a cikin nau'ikan mai mai, sannan kuma matattarar atheromatous.

HDL ("mai kyau" cholesterol) yana aiki ne ta wata hanya daban-daban: suna narkewa sosai cikin jinin mutum, don haka matakin su na nuna ƙoshin lafiya. Kasancewar babban maida hankali ne na HDL yana hana ci gaban kwarjinin atherosclerotic da haɓaka, wanda ke haifar da asarar jirgi, lalatawarsa da toshe shi.

A yau babu yarjejeniya kan asalin cutar. Medicine ya san yawancin ra'ayoyi:

1. ajiya na lipoproteins a bangon arterial;
2. cin zarafin aikin kariya na endothelium (ɓangaren sel na ciki) da matsakancin sa;
3. bayyanar kwayar cutar sankara ta sel mai santsi;
4. lalata tsarin antioxidant;
5. dysfunction na leukocytes da macrophages, da infiltration na jijiyoyin bugun gini;
6. lalata lalacewa tare da cytomegalovirus, herpes, da sauransu ;;
7. kasancewar lahani a cikin bangon jirgin ruwa;
8. lalacewar ganuwar jijiya tare da chlamydia;
9. canje-canje na hormonal hade da shekaru.

Kwanan nan, abin da ya faru na atherosclerosis ya ninka yawan lokuta na raunin da ya faru, cututtukan da ke haifar da cutar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Sau da yawa, ana gano shi yana da shekaru 45-50 shekaru, kuma yawan masu haƙuri maza sun ninka 3-4 sau fiye da mace.

Abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cutar

Akwai dalilai da yawa waɗanda ke kara haɓakar damar atherosclerosis.

Zuwa yau, an kirkiri shafin yanar gizon kungiyar likitocin Turai, wanda zaku iya kirkiri hadarin cututtukan zuciya.

Hanyoyi masu zuwa da cututtuka masu zuwa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na atheromatous.

Shan taba. Resins da nicotine, waɗanda suke ɓangare na abun da ke ciki, suna cutar da bangon jijiyoyin jiki. Shan taba sigari tsawon lokaci na kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya, hauhawar jini da hauhawar jini.

Hyperlipoproteinemia. Anara yawan lipids na jini da na lipoproteins shine abin da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Wajibi ne a faɗakar da ƙararrawa lokacin da yawan adadin cholesterol ya haɗu sama da 5 mmol / L kuma LDL ya zarce 3 mmol / L.

Hawan jini. Tare da haɓakar jini na yau da kullun (fiye da 140/90 mm Hg), yawan maganadisu yana raguwa kuma akwai damar ƙaddamar da filayen atheromatous.

Ciwon sukari mellitus. Ana nuna wannan cutar ta hanyar ƙaruwa a cikin glucose saboda ƙarancin samarwa ko cikakkiyar dakatarwar samar da insulin. Doguwar cutar sankarau tana haifar da yanayin jijiyoyin jini da karewar jijiyoyi, don haka atherosclerosis sau da yawa yakan bayyana a kan tushen ciwon sukari.

Rashin motsa jiki. Kowace rana, mutum yana buƙatar tafiya cikin tsabtataccen iska da motsa jiki. Activityarancin aiki yana haifar da rikicewar metabolism, haifar da karuwar nauyi, ciwon sukari da atherosclerosis.

Kiba da mummunar halaye na cin abinci. Tare da kiba, akwai haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwayar jini da haɓaka da hawan jini. Irin wannan nauyin akan tsarin na jijiyoyin jiki ya ƙunshi matakai daban-daban. Kasancewar abinci mai yawan kitse na dabba yana haifar da gazawar ciwan abinci mai yaƙar kiba.

Shekaru da jinsi. Da mazan mutum ya zama, mafi girma shine yiwuwar cutar atherosclerosis. Farkon abin da ya faru na atheromatous plaques yana faruwa yana da shekaru 45-50. Haka kuma, a cikin maza an gano wannan cutar sau 4 sau da yawa, cutar kuma ita kanta tana haɓaka shekaru 10 a baya fiye da rabin adalci.

Tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Atherosclerosis ana gano shi sau da yawa a gaban dangi tare da wannan cutar. An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa mutanen da ke da sha'awar nakasa ƙwayar lipid suna da farkon atherosclerosis (ƙarƙashin shekara 50).

Sauran abubuwan sune hypothyroidism, postmenopause, hyperfibrinogenemia (babban matakan fibrinogen a cikin jini), homocysteinemia (manyan matakan homocysteine ​​a cikin jini) da kuma homocysteinuria (kasancewar homocysteine ​​a cikin fitsari).

Hanyar haɓakar atherosclerosis

A kan aiwatar da nazarin cutar, an tabbatar da cewa akwai matakai na ci gaban cutar wanda ya bambanta da alamun halayyar pathophysiological.

Cigaba da cutar tana faruwa ne a matakai uku - tarin ramuka, kuma rage cinkoso.

A take hakkin metabolism, akwai canji a cikin rabo na cholesterol, phospholipids, sunadarai da kuma wuce haddi na beta-lipoproteins.

Akwai buƙatar yin ƙarin cikakken bincike na pathogenesis na atherosclerosis:

• Haɓaka tabo na lipid. A wannan matakin, mutum bai lura da wata alama ba, bai san cutar ba. Koyaya, hanyar ilimin ta rigaya ta fara: akwai canji mai yaduwa a cikin bangon jijiyoyin bugun gini, wanda a cikin bayyanar yayi kama da rawaya na launin rawaya tare da tsawon tsawon jijiya. Haka kuma, wasu sassan sassan jini suna shafawa. Ci gaban ilimin halittu yana kara ta hanyar cututtukan concomitant.
• Haɓaka mai saurin canzawa. Tsarin kashin da ke jikin yatsun kafa ya fara zama mai zafi, wanda yake amsawa ne ga jikin mai hasashe. A tsawon lokaci, illolin kumburi suna haifar da lalacewar fat mai kitse da tsirar nama. Saboda haka, tara mai mai yawa yana fara buɗewa kuma ya tashi sama bango na jirgin ruwa.
• Ci gaban rikitarwa. Yanayin yanayin ci gaban cuta yana da zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu - ɓarke ​​da ƙwayar cholesterol ko samuwar ƙwayoyin jini. Lokacin da atheromatous plaque ruptures, samuwar sabon adibas ko sakin mai yawa jini yana yiwuwa. Lokacin da ƙwanƙwasa jini, rikitarwa mai haɗari shine rikicewar manyan jijiyoyin jini, haifar da bugun jini, ƙwanƙolin tsarin jijiyoyin jiki da ƙwayar cuta.

Ba shi yiwuwa a hango ko yaya saurin cutar ta bunkasa: tana iya ci gaba cikin sauri ko cikin sauri. Hanyar ci gaba da cutar ta shude daga watanni da yawa zuwa shekaru.

Wannan ya rinjayi halayen mutum na tafiyar matakai, da kasancewar kwayoyin halitta da sauran dalilai.

Iri da alamun cutar atherosclerosis

Mafi yawan rarrabuwa da cutar dangane da yankin da cutar ta shafa tare da adibas na atheromatous.

Siffofin nazarin halittu na iya bayyana kansu, kodayake ana lura da lalacewar tsarin ƙwararrun jijiya sau da yawa.

Haka kuma, alamun cututtukan atherosclerosis sun bambanta dangane da nau'ikan nata.

Wajibi ne a rarrabe nau'ikan cututtukan:

1. Atherosclerosis na cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya. Tare da lalacewar tasoshin jini na zuciya, zai yiwu sakamakon irin su cututtukan zuciya, bugun zuciya da angina pectoris. Rashin gunaguni na mara lafiya yana da alaƙa da ciwon zuciya wanda yake kunnawa a ƙwallon kafada ko kuma tsawon tsawon hannu, matsi a cikin mafitsara, raɗaɗin raɗaɗi yayin jin zafi, gajiya, gazawar numfashi, amai ko tashin zuciya, ciwon baya, jin sanyi, zazzagewa da jin sanyi, rauni a kafafu.
2. Atherosclerosis na tasoshin brachiocentral (BCC). Yana bayyana kanta da yawa lokacin farin ciki lokacin canza wuri, migraine, kumburi kafafu da hannaye, fainting, hangen nesa, "kwari ko dige" a gaban idanun.
3. Shafe kansa daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙananan gwiwa da na babba. Alamar farkon rashin lafiya shine ji daɗin sanyi da "kumburin ƙusa" akan kafafu da makamai. Wani takamaiman fasalin shima fatar fata ce. A ƙarshen mataki, jin zafi a kafafu, asarar gashi a ƙarshen, ƙaiƙayi tropic, kumburi, jan yatsun, a cikin mafi munin yanayi, ana lura da ci gaban necrosis.
4. Form na Aortic. Atherosclerotic rauni na mafi girma artery yana shafar aikin dukkan tsarin kwayoyin halitta. A cikin wasu marasa lafiya, ƙwayoyin salts suna haɗu da asalin yanayin aortic na atherosclerosis. A tsawon lokaci, tsarin tafiyar da jijiyoyin jiki yana haifar da cututtukan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da kuma takaita ƙarar baƙuwar fibrous. A mafi yawan hadarin bayyanar cutar shine stenosis na aortic orifice.
5. Chebral atherosclerosis na jijiyoyin. Tare da rarraba atherosclerosis, cephalgia yana haɓaka, i.e. ciwon kai ba tare da ainihin ainihin yanayin fashewa ba, rashin bacci, tinnitus, matsaloli tare da yanayin kulawa, daidaituwa, sassauci, canjin halayyar mutum, magana mara nauyi, numfashi da abinci mai gina jiki. A matakin karshe, bayyanar dattijo, sanyin hankali, da raguwar fahimta.

Na dabam, sun kuma bambanta da wannan nau'in cutar kamar atherosclerosis na artal koda. Bayyanar cututtukan cholesterol yana dauke da jin zafi yayin urination, ana lura da jini a cikin fitsari. Mai haƙuri ya koka da yawan tashin zuciya da amai, jin zafi a ciki da ƙananan baya.

A cikin nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje, an lura da raguwar potassium a cikin jini.

Dangantakar atherosclerosis da ciwon sukari

Cholesterol yana da alaƙa da haɗin kwalayen narkewa da hodar iblis. Wannan fili ba shine asalin cutar sankara ba, amma tana shafar tsarinta.

Tare da matakan sukari mai girma, yiwuwar haɓakar atherosclerosis yana ƙaruwa sosai. Haka kuma, atherosclerosis yana kara yawan ciwon sukari. Masu ciwon sukari, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi da shekaru ba, suna fama da raunuka na jijiyoyin bugun jini na atheromatous daidai.

Atherosclerosis na iya bayyana a game da tushen ciwon insulin da ya dogara da ciwon suga. Tare da abun ciki na glucose na yau da kullun, metabolism ya rikice, wanda ke haifar da gazawar metabolism na narkewa da narkewa. Ganuwar jijiyoyin jiki sun zama marasa lalacewa kuma zasu iya kasancewa don shiga kwayar “mummunan” cholesterol a cikin jini.

Idan atherosclerosis yana haɗuwa da mellitus na ciwon sukari na nau'in farko ko na biyu, to mai haƙuri na iya fuskantar rikice-rikice masu zuwa:

• cututtukan zuciya na zuciya na iya haɓaka tun yana ƙarami, duk da cewa yawanci ana gano shi yana da shekaru sama da 45-50;
• clogging of arteries yakan faru, sun zama mai rauni kuma mai bakin ciki, dangane da wannan, damar bugun jini da haɓakar sabo yana ƙaruwa.

Atherosclerosis, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana haɓaka tsari, wanda ke da haɗari ga kwakwalwa, reshe, zuciya da manyan jirage.

Hadaddun Ciwon Mara Lafiya

Rashin haƙuri ko rashin kulawa yana haifar da matsaloli daban-daban. Tun da hoton asibiti ya kasance ba a taɓa kwance ba a farkon matakan haɓakar cutar, ganewar asali lokaci yana taka muhimmiyar rawa.

Atherosclerosis na tsarin jijiyoyin bugun gini da kuma yaduwar canji a cikin jijiya tsawon lokaci yana tattare da gajiya ko rashin lafiyar jijiyoyin jiki. Tsarin cututtukan jijiyoyin cuta yana faruwa akan asalin tsararren ƙira na ƙwayar katako na jiragen ruwa.

Rashin wadataccen jini ga gabobin daga baya haifar da hypoxia, ischemia, atrophy da dystrophy, abin da ya faru na ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, da kuma yaduwar ƙwayar cuta.

Sakamakon tsawan lokaci na rashin isasshen jijiyoyin bugun jini, toshewar hanji tare da thrombus ko embolus - barbashi wani ɓoyayyen dutse. Ana nuna wannan halin ta hanyar bayyanar cututtukan zuciya da ischemia mai zafi.

Sakamakon mafi haɗari ga hanyar atherosclerosis shine katsewa da jirgin. A wasu halayen, wannan yakan haifar da mutuwa.

Don hana mummunan sakamako, yana da mahimmanci a bi tsarin abinci, ɗaukar magunguna da aka tsara kuma bi duk umarnin likita.

Ka'idojin gano cutar

Gano cutar ta hada da yawan dakin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin kayan aiki.

Da farko, mai haƙuri ya zo wurin likita don dubawa, wanda ke tattara bayanan anamnesis.

Specialistwararren ƙwararren masani yana jawo hankali ga rashi gashi a kan gabobin, nakasasshen ƙusa, rashi mara nauyi, hauhawar jini, kasancewar bugun zuciya, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, yawan ɓoyewar sebaceous da gland gland, kumburi da rashin ƙwayoyin cuta na koda.

Idan likita yana zargin atherosclerosis a cikin haƙuri, sai ya umurce shi ya ɗauki gwaje-gwaje da karatu masu zuwa:

1. Samfur na jini daga jijiya don tantance jimlar cholesterol da atherogenicity.
2. Aortography don alamun bayyanar alamun alamun aortic nau'i na atherosclerosis. Cutar ana nuna shi ta hanyar ƙamshi, kasancewar ciwon baya, ɗorawa, tsayi da faɗaɗa jijiya a cikin sternum ko peritoneum.
3. Coronography, wanda ke taimakawa wajen tantance yanayin cututtukan zuciya da kasancewar adana cholesterol a cikinsu.
4. Angiography - bincike kan yadda jini ya kwarara ta sauran jijiyoyi ta amfani da gabatarwar bambancin matsakaici da daukar hoto.
5. UZDG na ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta yana taimakawa don ƙayyade ƙimar aikin da ci gaban atherosclerosis a ciki.
6. Fannin karatun kasusuwa na ƙarshen yankewa shine yake yanke ƙetaren kwararar jini a cikin kafafu, da kasancewar filayen cholesterol da haɓaka.

Hakanan ana amfani da duban dan tayi na gabobin mutum, yana taimakawa wajen tantance saurin tafiyar jini a cikin jijiya. Hanyar daidai take ƙayyade ƙananan lalacewa da kuma matsayin rashin wadatuwar jini.

Jiyya da tiyata

Dangane da kididdigar da bita, a cikin 80% na lokuta, shan magani ya isa don kawar da alamun cutar atherosclerosis da kuma sarrafa ci gabanta.

A ƙarshen asalin magani, magani shine wanda ake buƙata shine kiyaye abinci mai mahimmanci da aikin jiki na mai haƙuri.

Lokacin gudanar da magani, yakamata a bi tsarin aiwatar da aikin tiyata.

Magunguna masu inganci don lura da atherosclerosis sune:

• Statins (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin) - magunguna waɗanda ke rage aikin hanta a cikin samar da cholesterol. An tsara wannan rukuni na kwayoyi mafi yawan lokuta.
• Fibrates (Atromide, Tricor) sune magunguna waɗanda aikinsu ke da niyyar lalata triglycerides.
• Mai ɗaukar matakan LCD (Colestyramine, Kolesevelam) - kwayoyi waɗanda ke hana aikin ta bile acid ta hanta. A sakamakon haka, hanta yana ciyar da mafi yawan cholesterol don daidaita tsarin narkewar abinci.
• Nikotinic acid da abubuwansa sune magungunan da ke rage cholesterol, kuma suna da sakamako na antispasmodic da vasodilating.

A kan tushen babban magani, an kuma tsara wasu ƙarin magunguna - wakilai na antiplatelet, bitamin, angioprotector, magunguna, magunguna don inganta abinci mai gina jiki da kewaya, antispasmodics da magungunan vasodilator. Kafin shan magunguna, ya kamata ka nemi likita ka karanta kwatancin ta.

A cikin yanayi na ci gaba, magani da magani na abinci sun zama marasa amfani. Don hana rikice rikice, ana yin tiyata:

1. kewaye ta tiyata - “nutsuwa” wani jirgin ruwa da ke fama da cutar atherosclerosis zuwa ga jijiya mai lafiya da kuma kirkirar sabon layin jini.
2. na jijiyoyin bugun jini - cikakken maye gurbin jirgin ruwa da kuma dawo da jini.

Idan ya cancanta, ana amfani da angioplasty - tsabtace da haɓaka jirgin ruwa ta hanyar gabatar da catheter ta hanyar firincin mata.

Abincin don magani na atherosclerosis

Baya ga magani, magani ga atherosclerosis yana taka muhimmiyar rawa.

Duk da gaskiyar cewa gabobin ciki suna samar da kashi 80% na cholesterol, ragowar 20% suna shiga jiki da abinci.

Ka'idojin ka'idodin maganin rage cin abinci a cikin lura da atherosclerosis shine rage yawan ƙwayar cholesterol da ke fitowa daga waje.

Don wannan dalili, ya wajaba a bar waɗannan samfuran:

• nama mai ƙima da kitse na dabba - naman alade, duck, goose, lardi, da sauransu;
• offal - hanta, kwakwalwa;
• nau'in kifi mai ƙamshi - mackerel, irin kifin azaman, herring, halibut, da sauransu.;
• pickles, pickled, kyafaffen abinci da soyayyen;
• kayayyakin kiwo;
• sausages da sausages;
• kwai yolks;
• abin sha mai ɗorewa, kofi mai ƙarfi da shayi;
• burodi na kayayyakin abinci na gari;
• Sweets - cakulan, Sweets, cookies, da sauransu.

Babu buƙatar yin fushi da cewa dole ne ku bar kayayyakin da kuka saba. Ko da tare da lura da atherosclerosis, zaku iya cin abinci masu daɗin ci da lafiya. Suna steamed, dafa shi ko aika zuwa murhun. Ba za ku iya ƙara gishiri mai yawa ba (adadin yau da kullun - 5 grams), ana iya maye gurbinsu da ja ko baƙar fata da sauran kayan ƙanshi. Abincin yana ba da damar ci daga waɗannan samfuran:

1. nama mai durƙusad da - naman zomo, kaza, da sauransu ;;
2. samfuran madara mara nauyi;
3. nau'in kifi mai ƙanƙanya - hake, pike perch, bream, irin kifi, da sauransu;
4. m gari burodi kayayyakin.
5. nunannun 'ya'yan itace, berries, ganye da kayan marmari;
6. mai rauni koren shayi, ruwan lemon.

Yarda da abinci da motsa jiki babban kyakkyawan rigakafin atherosclerosis da sauran cututtukan zuciya, wanda yakamata a bi ga masu lafiya da lafiya.

Abin da ke atherosclerosis zai gaya wa gwani a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.