AIKIN KODA A JIKIN MUTUM

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Tsarin motsa jiki a cikin jiki yana da matukar mahimmanci ga homeostasis. Yana inganta karɓar samfurori na rayuwa daban-daban waɗanda ba za'a iya amfani da su ba, mai guba da abubuwa na ƙasashen waje, gishiri mai yawa, ƙwayoyin halitta da ruwa.

Cutar huhu, narkewa da fata suna shiga cikin aikin fitsari, amma kodan suna yin aiki mafi mahimmanci a cikin wannan aikin. Wannan sashin jiki na sanya jijiyoyin jiki na inganta jijiyoyin abubuwan da aka kirkira sakamakon metabolism ko abinci.

Menene kodan kuma a ina suke?

Kodan - ƙungiyar da ke shiga cikin tsarin urinary, wanda za'a iya kwatanta shi da wuraren kulawa.

Kimanin 1.5 l na jini wanda aka tsarkake daga abubuwa masu guba suna wucewa cikin su a cikin minti daya. Kodan suna zaune a bangon baya na kashin jikin kashin na kashin baya a sassan kashin baya.

Duk da cewa wannan kwayar tana da daidaituwa mai yawa, ƙwayar ta ƙunshi babban adadin ƙananan abubuwan da ake kira nephrons. Kimanin miliyan 1 na waɗannan abubuwan suna cikin koda guda ɗaya. A saman kowane ɗayansu akwai malpighian glomerulus, wanda aka saukar da shi cikin ƙoƙon rufewar rufe (Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule). Kowane koda yana da kauri mai ƙarfi kuma yana ciyar da jinin da yake shiga.

A waje, kodan suna da kamannin wake, kamar yadda suke da babban bulbulo a waje da kuma ɗorawa a ciki. Daga gefen ciki gabobin jijiyoyi ne, jijiyoyin jiki da kuma sassaƙawar jijiyoyin jini. Anan ne kuma ƙashin ƙugu, wanda daga ureter ya samo asali.

Tsarin jikin mutum na kodan:

babban pole;
papilla na koda;
na koda
renal sinus;
karamin kofin renal;

babban kofi na renal;
ƙashin ƙugu;
abu mai rufi
ureter;
gindin ƙasa.

Kowane koda ya ƙunshi yadudduka biyu: duhu cortical (wanda ke sama) da ƙananan ƙwayar mahaifa (wanda ke ƙasa). A cikin cortical Layer akwai taro na hanyoyin jini da kuma sassan farko na canal na koda. Nephrons sun ƙunshi tubules da tangles, inda samuwar fitsari ke faruwa. Wannan tsari yana da matukar rikitarwa, saboda ya shafi kusan miliyoyin waɗannan raka'a. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa wannan sashin jiki kamar kodan na iya bauta wa mutum na kusan shekara 800, a cikin yanayi mai kyau.

Tare da ciwon sukari, matakai marasa daidaituwa suna faruwa a cikin kodan, wanda ya haɗa da lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki.

Wannan yana lalata kewayawar jini kuma yana lalata aikin gabobin ciki wanda ke da alhakin hanjin urinary a cikin jiki. A cikin magani, ana kiran irin waɗannan rikice-rikice masu ciwon sukari nephropathy. Shine yawan sukari a jiki wanda yake cin jijiyoyin jini daga ciki, wanda hakan ke haifar da mummunan sakamako.

Baya ga kawar da abubuwa masu cutarwa, daidaituwar hawan jini da samuwar fitsari, kodan suna yin waɗannan ayyukan:

Hematopoiesis - samar da wani sinadari wanda ke daidaita samuwar sel jini, wanda ke daidaita jikin da iskar oxygen.
Karkatarwa - suna samar da fitsari kuma suna lalata abubuwa masu cutarwa daga abubuwa masu amfani (sunadarai, sukari da bitamin).
Osmotic matsa lamba - daidaita mahimmancin salts a jiki.
Dokar sunadarai - sarrafa matakin furotin, wanda ake kira matsa lamba na oncotic.

Game da lalacewa aiki na koda, da yawa cututtuka suna haɓaka da ke haifar da gazawar koda. A wani matakin farko, wannan cutar bata da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, kuma zaku iya tantance kasancewar ta hanyar wuce fitsari da gwajin jini.

Sakamakon ciwon sukari a kan kodan: tsinkaye da rigakafin

Ciwon sukari guda biyu a yau cuta ce ta yau da kullun da ta saba da tsarin endocrine, wanda ke shafar kusan kashi 1-3% na manya a duniya.

A tsawon lokaci, adadin masu haƙuri da wannan cutar suna ƙaruwa, wanda ya juye shi zuwa matsala ta ainihi wacce har yanzu magani ba ta magance shi ba. Ciwon sukari yana da hanya mai wahala kuma tsawon lokaci ba tare da isasshen magani ba yana haifar da ci gaba da rikitarwa.

Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, da alama cutar haɓakar koda kusan 5%, kuma tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, kusan 30%.

Babban matsalar cutar sankarar mama shine karancin gibin jini, wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwar kwararar jini zuwa gabobin ciki. A cikin matakan farko na ciwon sukari, yawan kodan yana aiki da sauri yawanci, tunda yawancin glucose na wucewa ta su fiye da mutum mai lafiya. Glucose yana jawo ƙarin ruwa ta hanjin kodan, wanda ke taimakawa ƙara matsa lamba a cikin glomeruli. Wannan ana kiranta karuwa cikin darajar dunkulewar duniya.

A cikin matakan farko na ciwon sukari mellitus, wani farin ciki na membrane da ke kewaye da glomeruli yana faruwa, har ma da wasu tsokoki na kusa da shi. A fadada membranes hankali kawar da ciki capillaries dake cikin wadannan glomeruli, wanda take kaiwa zuwa gaskiyar cewa kodan rasa ikon tsarkake isasshen jini. A jikin mutum akwai glomeruli na gaba daya, saboda haka, tare da shan kashi daya koda, ana cigaba da tsarkake jini.

Haɓaka ƙwayoyin nephropathy yana faruwa ne a cikin 50% kawai na marasa lafiya masu hauhawar jini tare da ciwon sukari.

Babu wani daga cikin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da cutar sankara wanda ke da lalacewar koda wanda ke haifar da gazawar koda A cikin hadarin akwai wadanda ke fama da cutar hawan jini. Don hana lalacewar koda a cikin ciwon sukari, ana bada shawara don sarrafa matakin sukari a cikin ragin jini, gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi da kuma daukar lokaci fitsari da gwajin jini.

Takaitaccen bayani

Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce mai tsanani wanda yakamata a kula dashi a farkon matakan ci gaba. Tare da rashin amfani da warkarwa ko a cikin rashi, akwai yuwuwar samun hauhawar cututtukan urinary, musamman kodan. Wannan ya faru ne saboda kumburin ginin jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke hana wucewar jini ta hanyar kodan, sabili da haka tsabtace jiki. Ya kamata a sani cewa ba duk masu fama da cutar sankarau suna fama da cututtukan koda ba, amma haɗarin haɓakar su ya yi yawa.

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