Don cikakken aiki na jikin mutum, aikin haɗin gwiwar duk sassan jikinsa wajibi ne. Yawancin wannan ya dogara da samar da kwayoyin homon da kuma wadataccen abun cikin su.
Ofaya daga cikin gabobin dake ɗaukar nauyin kira shine ƙwayar hanji. Yana samar da nau'ikan kwayoyin halittu da yawa, gami da glucagon. Menene ayyukanta a cikin jikin mutum?
Kwayoyin halittar cututtukan zuciya
Don keta haƙiƙa a cikin aikin jikin mutum, dole ne a la'akari da abubuwa da yawa. Zasu iya zama na waje da na ciki. Daga cikin abubuwan ciki wadanda zasu iya tsoratar da ci gaban canje-canjen cututtukan cuta, mutum na iya ambaton wuce haddi ko rashi kwayoyin halittun.
Don gyara matsalar, kuna buƙatar sanin wane gland shine yake samar da wani ko wani nau'in fili don ɗaukar matakan da suka dace.
Cutar koda tana samar da nau'ikan hormones da yawa. Babban shine insulin. Yana da polypeptide, wanda ya ƙunshi amino acid 51. Tare da rashin isasshen ƙwayar wannan hormone, ɓarna yakan faru a jikin mutum. Manuniyarsa na yau da kullun sun bambanta daga 3 zuwa 25 μU / ml. A cikin yara, matakinsa yana dan ƙarami, a cikin mata masu juna biyu yana iya ƙaruwa.
Ana buƙatar insulin don rage sukari. Yana kunna shaƙar glucose ta tsoka da ƙwayar tsopose, yana tabbatar da juyawarsa zuwa glycogen.
Bugu da ƙari ga insulin, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine ke da alhakin ƙirar kwayoyin halittar kamar:
- C peptide. Ba ɗayan cikakkun kwayoyin ba ne. A zahiri, wannan shine ɗayan abubuwan da ke cikin proinsulin. An rabu dashi da babban kwayar halitta kuma ya bayyana a cikin jini. C-peptide shine daidai da insulin, ta hanyar adadin cututtukan cututtukan da ke cikin hanta da alade. Ya kuma nuna ci gaban ciwon sukari.
- Glucagon. A cikin aikinsa, wannan hormone shine kishiyar insulin. Siffar ta shine karuwa a cikin matakan sukari. Wannan ya samu ne sakamakon tasirin sa a hanta, wanda ke karfafa samar da glucose. Hakanan, tare da taimakon glucagon, mai yana karye.
- Polycptic na Wutar Hanya. An gano wannan hormone kwanan nan. Godiya gareshi, ana rage yawan amfani da enzymes na bile da na narkewa, wanda aka tabbatar da izinin tsokoki na hanji.
- Somatostatin. Yana shafar aikin wasu kwayoyin halittar jiki da kuma enzymes. A ƙarƙashin tasirinsa, adadin glucagon, hydrochloric acid da gastrin yana raguwa, kuma tsarin karɓar carbohydrate yana raguwa.
Baya ga waɗannan kwayoyin halittar, ƙwayar huhu kuma tana samar da wasu. Ayyukan jikin mutum da kuma haɗarin ci gaba da cututtukan cututtukan cuta ya dogara da adadin su ya dace da na yau da kullun.
Ayyukan Glucagon a cikin jiki
Don fahimtar mafi kyawun rawar glucagon ga jikin ɗan adam, wajibi ne don la'akari da ayyukanta.
Wannan kwayar halittar tana shafar tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya, wanda ya danganta da matakin kasancewar yawan glucose a cikin jini. Glucose yana fitowa ta hanta, kuma glucagon yana cikin wannan aikin. Yana kuma daidaita adadinta a cikin jini. Sakamakon aikinta, ƙwayoyin lipids sun rushe, wanda ke taimakawa rage yawan ƙwayar cholesterol. Amma waɗannan ba sune ayyukan wannan hormone ba.
Baya garesu, yana aiwatar da wadannan ayyuka:
- yana ƙarfafa hawan jini a cikin kodan;
- yana haɓaka fitowar ƙwayar sodium, yana daidaita ayyukan tsarin zuciya;
- dawo da sel hanta;
- yana haɓaka sinadarin alli a cikin sel.
- yana wadatar da jiki da makamashi, yana rushe lipids;
- normalizes aikin zuciya, shafi bugun jini;
- yana kara matsa lamba.
Tasirinsa a jiki ana ɗauka akasin abin da insulin yake dashi.
Yanayin sunadarai na hormone
Tsarin ilimin halittar wannan kwaro yana da matukar muhimmanci ga cikakken fahimta game da mahimmancinsa. Ya taso sakamakon ayyukan alpha sel na tsibirin Langenhans. Hakanan an haɗa shi da sauran bangarori na ƙwayar gastrointestinal.
Glucagon shine nau'in sarkar polypeptide iri ɗaya. Ya ƙunshi amino acid 29. Tsarinsa yayi kama da insulin, amma ya ƙunshi wasu amino acid waɗanda basa cikin insulin (tryptophan, methionine). Amma cystine, isoleucine da proline, waɗanda suke ɓangare na insulin, ba su cikin glucagon.
An samar da wannan hormone daga pre-glucagon. Tsarin aikin da yake samarwa ya dogara da adadin glucose wanda yake shiga jiki da abinci. Starfafa aikinta ya kasance ga arginine da alanine - tare da ƙaruwa da adadinsu a jiki, an samar da glucagon sosai.
Tare da motsa jiki na wuce kima, adadinta zai iya ƙara ƙaruwa sosai. Hakanan, abubuwan da ke cikin jini suna tasiri da insulin.
Hanyar aikin
Babban burin wannan fili shine hanta. A karkashin tasirinsa, ana aiwatar da glycogenolysis a cikin wannan sashin farko, kuma kadan daga baya - ketogenesis da gluconeogenesis.
Wannan hormone ba zai shiga cikin sel hanta kansa ba. Don yin wannan, dole ne ya yi hulɗa tare da masu karɓa. Lokacin da glucagon yayi hulɗa tare da mai karɓa, ana kunna adenylate cyclase, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga samar da cAMP.
A sakamakon haka, aiwatar da glycogen zai fara aiki. Wannan yana nuna buƙatar jikin mutum don glucose, saboda haka yana shiga cikin raunin jini yayin glycogenolysis. Wani zabin shine hada shi daga wasu abubuwan. Ana kiran wannan gluconeogenesis.
Hakanan yana hana isasshen furotin. Tasirinsa sau da yawa yana haɗuwa tare da rauni na tsarin glucose na glucose. Sakamakon shine ketogenesis.
Wannan fili ba ya tasiri a cikin glycogen da ke cikin kasusuwa kwarangwal, saboda karancin masu karba a cikinsu.
Increaseara yawan adadin cAMP da glucagon ya haifar yana haifar da sakamako na inotropic da chronotropic akan myocardium. Sakamakon haka, bugun jini na mutum ya tashi, bugun zuciya yana ƙaruwa da haɓaka. Wannan yana samar da kunna jini da kuma yalwata kyallen takarda da abinci mai gina jiki.
Babban adadin wannan fili yana haifar da tasirin antispasmodic. A cikin mutane, abubuwan jin daɗi na gabobin ciki suna hutawa. Wannan an fi kiranta dangane da hanjin ciki.
Glucose, keto acid da mai mai mai maye gurbin ƙarfi ne. A ƙarƙashin tasirin glucagon, an sake su, saboda abin da aka sanya su ga tsokoki na kasusuwan. Godiya ga kwararar jini mai aiki, waɗannan abubuwan suna yada kyau cikin jiki.
Me ke haifar da wuce haddi da rashin hormone a cikin jiki?
Mafi mahimmancin tasirin hormone shine karuwa a yawan adadin glucose da mai mai. Don mafi kyawu ko mafi muni, ya dogara da yawan glucagon da aka kera.
A gaban karkacewa, ana fara samar da shi da yawa - wanda hakan yana da ha ari ga ci gaban rikitarwa. Amma ƙarancin abun ciki, wanda rashin aiki a cikin jiki, ke haifar da sakamako masu illa.
Yawan samar da wannan kwayar halitta yana haifar da rikicewar jiki tare da kitsen mai da sukari. In ba haka ba, ana kiran wannan sabon abu hyperglycemia. Singleaya daga cikin shari'ar abin da ya faru ba mai haɗari ba ne, amma tsari na hauhawar yanayi yana haifar da ci gaban rikicewa. Zai iya kasancewa tare da tachycardia da ci gaba da hauhawar jini, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar jini da cututtukan zuciya.
Jin motsi na jini ta cikin tasoshin na iya haifar da tsufa, haifar da cutar jijiyoyin jiki.
Tare da ƙaramin adadin wannan hormone, jikin mutum yana fuskantar rashin glucose, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar jini. Wannan yanayin shima yana cikin haɗari da cuta, saboda yana iya haifar da yawancin alamu masu jin daɗi.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- tashin zuciya
- Dizziness
- rawar jiki
- ƙarancin aiki;
- rauni
- hankali mai ruhi;
- katsewa.
A cikin lokuta masu tsauri, mai haƙuri na iya mutuwa.
Abubuwan bidiyo akan tasirin glucagon akan nauyin mutum:
Dangane da wannan, zamu iya faɗi hakan, duk da yawancin fasalulluka masu amfani, abubuwan glucagon a cikin jiki bai kamata ya wuce yadda aka saba ba.
