CIWON SUKARI INSULIN - HANYOYI DA HANYOYIN MAGANI

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Gudanarwa da lura da ciwon sukari

A yau, akwai kusan mutane miliyan 357 a duniya tare da ciwon sukari. A cewar kimomi, nan da shekarar 2035 yawan mutanen da ke dauke da wannan cutar zai kai mutane miliyan 592.

Marasa lafiya tare da nazarin ciwon sukari suna buƙatar kulawa da matakan sukari na jini koyaushe ta hanyar ba da gudummawar jini don bincike da shan allurar insulin da ke rage glucose.

Duk wannan yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa, ƙari, tsari yana da zafi kuma ba koyaushe daidai yake ba. Gabatar da kashi na insulin a cikin wuce haddi na yau da kullun na iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau kamar makanta, coma, yanki na ƙarewar har ma da mutuwa.

Accuratearin ingantattun hanyoyin bayar da magunguna zuwa ga jini sun dogara da gabatarwar insulin a ƙarƙashin fata ta amfani da catheters tare da allura, wanda dole ne a canza shi lokaci-lokaci bayan fewan kwanaki, wanda ke haifar da matsala mai yawa ga mara haƙuri.

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Inshora na insulin - dace, mai sauƙi, mai aminci

Masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya sun daɗe suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar hanya mafi sauƙi, mafi sauƙi kuma mara ƙarancin sarrafawa don gudanar da insulin. Kuma abubuwan farko sun riga sun bayyana. Masana na Amurka daga Jami'ar North Carolina sun kirkiro wani sabon abu mai amfani da insulin “smart patch” wanda zai iya gano hauhawar sukari cikin jini kuma ya sanya allurar magani lokacin da ake bukata.

“Facin” karamin silicon square ne, sanye yake da microneedles mai dimbin yawa, nunin wanda bai wuce girman gashin ido ba. Microneedles suna da wuraren ajiya na musamman waɗanda ke adana insulin da enzymes waɗanda zasu iya samun ƙwayoyin glucose a cikin jini. Lokacin da matakin sukari na jini ya tashi, ana aika sigina daga enzymes kuma ana saka adadin insulin da ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin fata.

Ka'idar "smart patch" ta samo asali ne daga ka'idodin aikin insulin na halitta.

A cikin jikin mutum, ana samar da insulin ta hanyar beta-sel na musamman na pancreas, wanda a lokaci guda alamomi ne na matakan glucose na jini. Yayinda matakan sukari ke tashi, ƙwayoyin beta na nuna sakin insulin a cikin jini, wanda aka adana a cikin su a cikin vesicles na microscopic.

Masana kimiyya da suka kirkiro "smart patch" sun kirkirar vesicles mai wucin gadi wanda, godiya ga abubuwan da ke cikin su, suna yin aiyuka iri ɗaya kamar beta - ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta. Abun waɗannan kumfa ya haɗa da abubuwa guda biyu:

acid hyaluronic
2-nitroimidazole.

Ta hanyar haɗuwa da su, masanan kimiyya sun karbi kwayar halitta daga waje wanda baya hulɗa da ruwa, amma a ciki yana haɗuwa da shi. Enzymes waɗanda ke lura da matakin glucose da insulin aka sa su a cikin kowane murfin - tafki.

A daidai lokacin da matakin sukari na jini ya tashi, yawan glucose mai yawa ya shiga kumfa ta wucin gadi kuma ana canza shi zuwa gluconic acid ta hanyar aikin enzymes.

Gluconic acid, yana lalata dukkan oxygen, yana haifar da kwayar halitta zuwa yunwar oxygen. Sakamakon rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen, kwayar ta fashe, ta kwantar da insulin cikin jini.

Bayan haɓakar ƙwayoyin insulin na musamman - ɗakunan ajiya, masanan kimiyya sun fuskanci tambayar ƙirƙirar hanyar da za a iya sarrafa su. Maimakon yin amfani da manyan allura da katako, waɗanda ba su dace da amfani yau da kullun ga marasa lafiya ba, masana kimiyya sun kirkirar da allurai na microscopic ta hanyar sanya su a madadin silicon.

An kirkiro microneedles daga hyaluronic acid guda ɗaya, wanda shine ɓangare na kumfa, kawai tare da tsari mai wahala wanda allura zasu iya huda fatar mutum. Lokacin da “facin mai kaifin basira” ya samu kan fatar mai haƙuri, ƙwayoyin microneedles suna shiga cikin capillaries kusa da fatar ba tare da haifar da matsala ga mai haƙuri ba.

Abubuwan da aka kirkira suna da fa'idodi da yawa akan hanyoyin ingantaccen tsarin kulawa na insulin - yana da sauki a yi amfani, mara amfani mai guba, waɗanda aka yi da kayan jituwa na kwayoyin.

Bugu da kari, masana kimiyyar sun sanya wa kansu burin bunkasa "mafi kyawun facin" wanda aka kirkira ga kowane mai haƙuri, la'akari da nauyinta da kuma haƙurin mutum na insulin.

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Gwajin farko

Anyi nasarar yin amfani da sabon facin cikin mice tare da ciwon sukari na 1. Sakamakon binciken ya kasance raguwa a cikin matakan sukari na jini a cikin mice na awa 9. A yayin gwajin, rukuni ɗaya na mice sun sami daidaitattun allurar insulin, rukuni na biyu an bi da su da "smart patch".

A karshen gwajin, ya zama cewa a farkon rukuni na beraye, matakan sukari na jini bayan aikin insulin ya ragu sosai, amma kuma ya sake tashi zuwa mummunan tsari. A rukuni na biyu, an lura da raguwar sukari zuwa matakin al'ada a cikin rabin sa'a bayan aikace-aikacen "facin", ya kasance a wannan matakin don sauran sa'o'i 9.

Tun da ƙarancin ƙwayar insulin a cikin mice yayi ƙasa da na mutane, masana kimiyya sun ba da shawara cewa tsawon lokacin “patch” a cikin lura da mutane zai zama mafi girma. Wannan zai bada damar sauya tsohon kayan zuwa wani sabo a cikin 'yan kwanaki, ba awanni.

Kafin a iya gwada ci gaba a cikin mutane, dole ne a gudanar da bincike mai yawa a cikin (a cikin shekaru 2 zuwa 3), amma masana kimiyya sun riga sun fahimci cewa wannan hanyar da ake bi don magance cutar sankara tana da kyakkyawar fata a nan gaba.

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