Ciwon sukari mellitus wata cuta ce da ke haɓakawa da yanayin ƙarancin samarwa na vasopressin ko kuma lalacewar jijiyar ƙwayoyin koda zuwa aikinta. Vasopressin shine hormone wanda ke da alhakin juyawa ruwa a cikin tubules na koda. Tsarin hypothalamic-pituitary tsarin yana ɓoye shi. Karanta ƙari game da abin da insipidus ciwon sukari yake kuma menene alamun bayyanarsa a cikin manya da yara, wanda aka tattauna a cikin labarin.
Bayani game da Sanadin cutar
Kafin kayi la'akari da manyan alamun cututtukan cututtukan insipidus, ya kamata ka san abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gabanta. Ya danganta da abubuwan da suka haifar da farawar cutar, an rarraba ilimin halittar cikin fannoni da dama.
- Babban nau'in ciwon insipidus na ciwon sukari: gado - yana faruwa ne akan asalin canje-canje na kwayoyin halittu da lahani na cikin ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa; halayyar da aka samu - raunin kwakwalwa, raunin kwakwalwa, metastases na ciwacewar wasu gabobin, neuroinfection, jijiyoyin bugun jini.
- Renal (nephrogenic) nau'in insipidus na ciwon sukari: gado - ƙarancin jini a matakin gene; halayyar da aka samu - raunin jijiyoyin jiki, cututtuka na tsari, gazawar koda, cutar koda da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta hanji, rashin lafiyar urinary tract patency.
- Polydipsia na farko: nau'in psychogenic - abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaba sune raunin kwakwalwa; Nau'in Dipsogenic - yana faruwa tare da raguwa a ƙarshen ƙimar masu karɓa mai ƙishirwa.
Bayyanar cututtuka na yau da kullun
An tabbatar da bayyanar cututtuka na insipidus na sukari bisa ga bayanan asibiti da sakamakon binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje. Cikakken rashin isasshen maganin antidiuretic a bango na tsakiyar nau'in cutar shine wanda ake nunawa ta hanyar lalacewar shakar ruwa yayin fitsari na biyu da sakin kwatankwacin sa daga jiki. Sakamakon shine bunƙasar bushewar ruwa, haɓakawa na ƙwayar osmotic na ruwan jiki, kunna masu karɓar ƙishirwa a cikin hypothalamus.
Fasawa a jiki yana daya daga cikin alamun ci gaban cuta.
A sauƙaƙe, mara lafiya yana jin ƙishirwa koyaushe, yayin da aka fitar da adadin fitsari a layi daya. Yawan fitsari na iya kaiwa lita 18-20 a rana, kuma sau da yawa marasa lafiya suna yin fitsari ba kawai da rana ba, har ma da dare. Wata muhimmiyar alama ita ce bushewar fata da membranes na mucous.
Marasa lafiya suna da ƙarin gunaguni:
- raguwa mai nauyi a cikin nauyin jiki;
- rage cin abinci da aiki;
- ciwon tsoka
- ciwon kai
- rikicewar damuwa (rashin bacci, yawan damuwa, hawaye, tsokana).
A kan tushen yanayin ƙishirwa, marasa lafiya sun fi son shan ruwa da talakawa da yawa, ruwan ma'adinai, ruwan sha. Rashin ingantaccen tsarin shan ruwa na iya haifar da tashin zuciya, tashin zuciya da amai, amai, ciwon kai, rage karfin jini, asarar hankali, har ma da mutuwa.
Idan ba a bai wa mara lafiya ruwa ba, to za a samar da fitsari a adadi mai yawa, yana haifar da ci gaban rashin ruwa a jiki. Gwajin gwaji na rashin ruwa a jiki ya danganta ne da irin wannan alama, wanda ke ba da damar tabbatar da kasancewar insipidus na ciwon suga. Ba a yarda mai haƙuri ya sha tsawon awanni 4-18. Tsawan likitan ne zai tantance tsawon lokacin binciken dangane da yanayin aikin jikin mai haƙuri.
An tabbatar da bayyanar cutar bisa dalilin raguwar nauyin jikin mai haƙuri da 5% ko fiye yayin bayyanar cutar, ci gaban urination mai yawa, ƙarancin ƙima ɗaya da tashin hankali na fitsari.
Endocrinologist - ƙwararren ƙwararren masani a cikin kulawar haƙuri
Babban adadin fitsari yana haifar da ƙwayar jijiyoyin ciki (ƙashin ƙugu, ureters, mafitsara). Rashin nasara yana faruwa a cikin nau'i na fadada cututtukan cuta da haɓaka cikin girman. Wannan yanayin yana faruwa a cikin matakai na gaba na cutar.
Bayyananniyar cutar a cikin mata
Ciwon sukari insipidus a cikin mata, ban da alamomin da ke sama, bayyanuwa da rashin daidaituwa daga maza:
- rashin daidaituwa na al'ada;
- jijiya;
- karancin zubar jini;
- karancin ovulation;
- farkon menopause.
Mata sun koka game da rashin ɗaukar ciki. Cases na bazata pathological zubar da ciki sananne.
Alamomin cutar a cikin maza
Ciwon sukari a cikin maza, wanda yakan faru a cikin balaga, yana tare da waɗannan raunin masu zuwa:
- rashi ko asarar hanyar jima'i;
- take hakkin hauka;
- rashin kawo haihuwa;
- damuwa cuta na rashin jima'i.
Ciwon sukari insipidus a cikin yara
Matasa da ƙananan yara suna fama da irin wannan bayyanar kamar yadda ake kula da marasa lafiya, kodayake, ba a bayyana alamun hakan ba. Yaran da suka girmi shekara guda sun ki shayarwa, suna neman ruwa ne na yau da kullun. Yaron ba ya yin nauyi sosai. A dare, amai yana faruwa, jariri yana wahala daga enuresis.
Hawaye da ƙin ci - ƙarin alamun cututtukan endocrine
A cikin jarirai, akasin haka, alamomin sun fi bayyananne. Marasa lafiya yara ba su da hutu, ba ruwansu. Saboda yawan urination a cikin manyan sassan, lokacin rana da dare yana damuwa. Yawan nauyin jiki yana raguwa kai tsaye "a gaban idanun." Ana bayyanar da alamun rashin ruwa a jiki: turgor na fata ya ragu, hawaye ba ya nan yayin kuka, kuma yanayin fuskokinsu suna tsananta. Idan ka kalli fuskar yarinyar, hanci ya zama mai kauri, elongated, frontal tubercles an bayyane su a fili, idanun sun girgiza.
Jikin zafin jiki ba ya da tabbas. Zai iya daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ya tashi ya faɗi. Tachycardia a bayyane yake. Hannun jarirai ba sa iya bayanin muradinsu na shaye-shaye a ko da yaushe, don haka galibi suna fuskantar matsanancin bushewa, bushewa, da kuma asarar rayuwa.
Ci gaban cutar yayin daukar ciki
Lokacin haihuwar na zama da wahala ga macen da ta kamu da wata cuta. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, haɓaka yana faruwa ne kawai bayan an haifi jaririn. Kwayar cuta ta Endocrine na iya faruwa kafin daukar ciki. Sannan macen zata sami ko wacce irin cuta ce ko kuma nephrogenic.
Wasu marasa lafiya suna fuskantar cutar a karon farko a lokacin haihuwar yaro. An yi imani da cewa tsofaffin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan halittu sune enzymes da mahaifa ke haifar. A wannan yanayin, likitoci suna ba da magani da maganin rage cin abinci, wanda zai iya rage alamun bayyanar cutar. Wani nau'in kwayar cutar siga ta gestagen ya ɓace da kansa bayan haihuwar jariri.
Gestagenic diabetes insipidus yana ɗayan nau'ikan cutar da ake saurin kamuwa da ita
Matan da ke da juna biyu suna korafin cewa yawan tafiye-tafiye na yau da kullun zuwa bayan gida na iya wucewa sau 30. Kamar yadda kuka sani, mata a wannan lokacin galibi suna yin iska ba tare da kasancewar cutar ba. Wasu marasa lafiya suna haɓaka gado. Fitsari a bayyane kuma kusan launinsa ne, yana kama da ruwa talakawa.
Matakan bincike
Bayyanar cututtuka na insipidus na ciwon sukari ya ƙunshi waɗannan dakin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin bincike, wanda ya ba ka damar tabbatar ko musun kasancewar cutar:
Yadda za a gano cewa kuna da ciwon sukari a gida- Gwajin jini na gaba ɗaya - canje-canje suna faruwa musamman tare da bushewar fata (akwai karuwa a haemoglobin, ƙwayoyin ja da farin jini).
- Abun binciken mahaifa - zaku iya lura da haɓakar haɓakawa a cikin kullun, raguwa cikin takamaiman nauyi da ƙwaƙwalwar osmotic, sukari da jikin acetone ba su nan.
- Kwayar halittu - insipidus na ciwon suga yana tare da haɓakar sodium, chloride.
- Matsayi na vasopressin na iya kasancewa tsakanin iyakoki na al'ada don nau'in cutar nephrogenic, kuma tare da insipidus na ciwon sukari na tsakiya da polygenpsia na psychogenic an rage shi.
- MRI na kwakwalwa - yana ba ka damar sanin ilimin halittar cututtukan yankin hypothalamic-pituitary da kuma yiwuwar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya.
- CT na gabobin ciki da x-ray - ƙarin karatuttuka don fayyace dalilin cutar.
Bambancin ganewar asali ana nufin rarrabe tsakanin cututtukan tsakiya da na koda, kazalika da sauran cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan jini, waɗanda kuma ke tattare da babban adadin samuwar fitsari (alal misali, pyelonephritis na kullum, ciwon sukari mellitus).
Ana amfani da adadin gwaje-gwaje na kamuwa da cuta. Gwajin rashin ruwa a jiki ya qunshi cewa mai haƙuri ya guji shan ruwa na tsawon awanni 4 zuwa 20. An daidaita nauyin mai haƙuri, osmotic taro na fitsari da jini jini. Wasu gwaje-gwaje kuma ana yin su (gudanarwar cikin ciki na sodium chloride, amfanin Desmopressin).
Yi yaƙi da cutar sankara
Kulawa da maza, mata, da kuma ciwon suga na yara yana kunshe da gyaran abinci da magani.
Abincin
Masana ilimin dabbobi sun bada shawarar lura da allunan No. 10 ko No. 7. Ana buƙatar abinci mai narkewa akai-akai (aƙalla sau 5-6 a rana). Yawan adadin furotin da ke shiga jikin mutum yakamata ya iyakance zuwa 70 g, amma ya kamata a cinye carbohydrates da lipids a cike.
Nisantar gishiri shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ga marasa lafiya
Shirya abinci ba tare da gishiri ba. Gishirin abinci mai haƙuri ya rigaya ya fara aiki da shi. A bu mai kyau a hada kayan lambu da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itace da yawa a cikin abincin. Yana da mahimmanci a ci kifin marine da abincin teku, kayayyakin kiwo.
Magungunan magani
Ana amfani da rukunin magungunan masu zuwa.
- Don magance yanayin tsakiya na maganin cututtukan cuta: magani na canzawa - wannan ya haɗa da kwayoyi waɗanda sune analogues na vasopressin (Minirin, Adiuretin SD, Adiurekrin); magunguna waɗanda ke haɓaka hankalin masu karɓuwa ga aikin antidiuretic hormone tare daƙalla ƙananan sautsi (carbamazepine, Miskleron, Chlorpropamide).
- Taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka na cututtukan ƙwayar cutar sankara na koda: thiazide diuretics - ƙara yawan juyawa na ruwa saboda raguwa a cikin ƙwayar jini (hypothiazide, clopamide); magungunan rigakafin cututtukan da ba su da steroidal (Diclofenac, Ibuprofen) - a kan asalin wasu takamaiman halayen, suna taimakawa wajen rage yawan fitsari da aka fitar.
Kawar da sanadin
Yana da mahimmanci don kawar da etiological factor wanda ya haifar da ci gaban cutar. Idan sanadin cutar tsari ne, an cire aikin tiyata. Idan ya cancanta, ƙarin magani ko maganin warkewa.
Game da haɓaka tsarin rigakafin cuta, ana amfani da wakilai masu hana ƙwayoyin cuta, maganin daskarewa da kuma maganin guba. Cirebral edema an cire shi tare da diuretics da magungunan hyperosmolar. Tare da tarin fuka, an tsara magungunan rigakafin tarin fuka.
Matakan hanawa
Yin rigakafin insipidus na ciwon sukari bashi da takamaiman matakai, tunda wannan cuta itace polyetiological, wato, tana da dalilai da yawa na ci gaba. Don hanawa ko gano farkon cutar, ana bada shawarar yin gwajin likita na shekara-shekara. Yana da mahimmanci a bar munanan halaye (shan giya, shan sigari).
