Sanadin cutar hawan jini - me ake yi kuma me ake haɗa shi?

Wata mujallar likita ta Ingilishi ta wallafa sakamakon binciken da ke bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin alaƙar gemoclobin da mutuwar maza. Gwajin ya ƙunshi masu ba da agaji 4662 masu shekaru 45-79 shekaru, yawancinsu ba sa fama da ciwon sukari.

A cikin mazajen da HbA1C bai wuce 5% ba (ƙa'ida ga balagaggu), mace-mace daga bugun zuciya da bugun jini (manyan abubuwan da ke haddasa mutuwar masu ciwon suga) shine mafi ƙanƙanta. Kowane ƙarin kashi na haemoglobin na haɓaka ya haɓaka yiwuwar mutuwa da 28%. Dangane da waɗannan ƙididdigar, 7% HbA1C yana ƙaruwa da mace-mace da 63% idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada. Amma tare da ciwon sukari, 7% kyakkyawan sakamako ne mai kyau!

Dangane da abubuwan da ke faruwa a farji, a Rasha babu masu cutar zazzabin da ke kasa da miliyan 8 (90% su ne masu ciwon sukari na 2), miliyan 5 daga cikinsu ba ma tsammanin zazzabin sukari a cikin jininsu. Duk nau'ikan sugars suna daskarar da abubuwa masu amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke lalata tasoshin jini da kyallen takarda na jikin mutum, ba tare da ambaton gaskiyar cewa yanayi mai daɗi ba yanayi ne mai kyau don haifuwar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Amma, a lokaci guda, glucose ya kasance koyaushe kuma zai kasance babban tushen samar da makamashi ga tsokoki, kwakwalwa, gabobin. Yaya za a sami wannan tsakiyar yankin, wanda zai ba ku damar zama lafiya tare da ingantaccen tsarin abinci da rayuwa mara amfani da yawancin zamaninmu?

Me yasa muke buƙatar glucose

Likita na tsakiyar zamanai sun yi amfani da kalmar "sukari na jini", wanda aka yi amfani dashi a rayuwar yau da kullun, waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa gunaguni game da kullun fata, ƙishirwa da zuwa bayan gida suna da alaƙa da wuce haddi na sukari a cikin jiki.

A wannan yanayin muna magana ne game da glucose - a sakamakon, duk carbohydrates sun lalace a gare shi. Adadinsa dole ne a daidaita shi ta yadda duk sel, da farko kwakwalwa, zasu iya karɓar tushen kuzari mai mahimmanci, kuma kodan basa fitsari fitsari.

Tuna yaro mara lafiya: ana iya sanin jihar acetone ta hanyar huɗar ciki, amai, rauni, gajiya. Tare da rashi na carbohydrates, jikin yaron yana ɗaukar makamashi daga mai.

Wani sashi na glucose da ke fitowa daga waje, hanta tana fitowa a cikin nau'in glycogen. Tare da rashin glucose, hormones na musamman suna canza hadaddun carbohydrate zuwa glucose. Hankalin glucose a cikin jini yana gudana ta hanyar insulin na hormone, wanda sel kwayoyin ke motsa shi.

Sauran kwayoyin sunadarai suma suna shafar matakinsa:

1. Adrenaline, norepinephrine, glucocorticoids - kwayoyin hodar iblis a cikin sassan daban-daban na glandar adrenal;
2. Glucagon - yana aiki lokacin da matakan sukari suka faɗi ƙasa da al'ada;
3. "Hormones na ƙungiya" na hypothalamus da glandon gland a cikin kai - suna da alhakin haɗin gwiwa na adrenaline, ikon glucocorticoids.

Sauran mahadi-kamar mahaifa suna ƙara sukari, amma abubuwanda suke juyawa ana sarrafa su ta hanyar insulin kawai. Tsarin juyayi mai cin gashin kansa yana ƙarfafa aikin su: raguwar ana sarrafa shi ta sashin kulawa na parasympathetic, kuma ƙaruwa yana sarrafawa ta hanyar masu juyayi.

Shin akwai mai kari a jiki na yau da kullun don glucose? Ana iya lura da ƙarancin alamun akan mita a karfe 3-6 na safe. Bala'i a cikin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa an bayyana shi cikin girman glucose din jini (hyperglycemia) da kuma saukar da shi (hypoglycemia). Dukkanin waɗannan, da kuma wani yanayin da ba a ke so ga kwayoyin ba.

Menene haɗarin sukari mai yawa

Glucose yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙarfin ne kawai bayan shiga cikin tantanin halitta. A wannan yanayin, mai gudanarwa shi ne insulin aiki wanda yake motsa shi. Idan bai isa ba ko kuma saboda dalilai daban-daban yana asarar ƙarfin aiki, glucose ta tara cikin jini, yayin da sel ke ci gaba da fama da yunwar, suna neman sabon abinci daga gare mu.

Yawan abin da ba a sarrafa shi ake canza shi zuwa kitse mai visceral, wanda aka sanya shi akan gabobin ciki. Wani ɓangaren ajiyar yana adana hanta, yana samar da glucose lokacin da ba'a wadatar da shi sosai da abinci.

Idan sukari da jini ya tashi yayin rana, abin da zai yi zai dogara ne akan lokacin aunawa: kafin abinci ko bayan. Don abinci ya juya zuwa makamashi na rayuwa, maimakon a saka shi cikin “wurin ajiyar kitse”, samar da abubuwan da ake bukata don sabbin matsalolin kiwon lafiya, yana da mahimmanci a kula da ma'aunin glycemic.

Yawan wuce haddi, gami da karanci, yana lalata jikin mutum. Shawarwari a ciki suna aiki azaman oxidizing jamiái, suna samar da furotin iri daban-daban da kuma acid acid.

Tsarin kumburi a cikin sel shi ake kira glycation. Sakamakonsa shine haɗin gubobi wanda zai iya dagewa a jiki har zuwa shekara guda. A bayyane yake cewa tare da haɓakar taro a cikin glucose, guba ta hanyar gubobi yana faruwa sosai da ƙarfi.

Akwai wani mawuyacin halin haɗari wanda ke kara haɗuwa da tsattsauran ra'ayi. Wannan shi ne damuwa na damuwa, yana haifar da ci gaba da mummunan cututtuka:

• Retinopathies, raunin gani;
• Pathologies na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini;
• Rashin nasara;
• Canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwa;
• Ingarfafa tsufa na jiki gaba ɗaya.

Aƙalla, ƙimar glucose mai ƙarfi suna ba da gudummawa ga rage aiki, hauhawar nauyi, da hauhawar jini.

Hyperglycemia

Idan sukari jini ya tashi? Babban sukari a cikin jini zai iya zama amsawa mai daidaitawa, yana ba da tabbacin samar da makamashi na nama tare da yawan amfani da shi (tare da matsanancin ƙwayar tsoka, ciwo mai zafi, damuwa mai ƙarfi, tsoro). Irin waɗannan bambance-bambance yawanci gajere ne kuma ba sa haifar da damuwa.

Idan glucometer din yana nuna alamun sukari mai girma, yana nufin yana tarawa cikin jini cikin sauri fiye da yadda jikin yake sarrafa shi. A cikin irin wannan yanayin, ana iya samun matsala a cikin tsarin endocrine: cin zarafin ayyukan ƙwayar cuta, mayewar jiki, bayyanar sukari a cikin gwajin fitsari.

Hyperglycemia ana amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da manyan ƙwayoyin ruwa, urination mai yawa, wanda aka fitar da sukari a cikin adadi mai yawa, fatar jiki da mecoranes na mucous suna bushe.

Hyperglycemia ba kawai matsala ce ga masu ciwon sukari: glandar thyroid, hanta, hypothalamus (ɓangaren kwakwalwar da ke da alhakin glandon endocrine) da sauran sassan tsarin endocrine, idan ayyukan su suka lalace, samar da ƙara yawan sukarin jini. Halin yana haɗuwa tare da lalacewa a cikin tsarin tsarin rigakafi, matakai mai kumburi, lalata jiki, da rauni gaba ɗaya.

Ana gano ciwon sukari mellitus tare da karanta glucometer daga 5.5 mmol / L (abin da ake kira "sukari mai fama da yunwa", ba tare da kayan abinci ba). Idan sukari ya ɗaga cikin jini kaɗan, ƙarin gwaji zai faɗi abin da zaku yi. A 6-7 mmol / L a kan komai a ciki, zaku iya tunanin ciwon suga, yana ba da shawarar canjin yanayin rayuwa (ƙarancin abincin carb, sarrafa motsin jiki da yanayin motsin rai, saka idanu kan alamomin glucose) ba tare da tallafin magunguna ba.

Mutum na iya ɗaukar haɓakar haɓakar hyperglycemia idan akalla an lura da wasu alamun:

1. M ƙishirwa;
2. Coarfin mucous mai wuce gona da iri;
3. Yawan urination;
4. Itching a cikin yankin fili da kan fatar baki ɗaya;
5. Matsalolin hangen nesa marasa iyaka;
6. Rashin nauyi mai nauyi;
7. Gajiya, bacci;
8. Raunin warkarwa mai tsayi;
9. Numbness da cramps na wata gabar jiki;
10. Akai-akai na fungal kamuwa da cuta, mara kyau magani;
11. Rage numfashi tare da warin acetone.

Idan sukari mai hawan jini, me za ayi? Don farawa, kimanta "sikelin bala'in", wato, kwatanta aikinku da ƙa'idar aiki.

Abin da sukari yana dauke da al'ada

An kirga kudin sukari a cikin karni na 20 bayan nazarin fiye da marasa lafiya dubu daya, duka masu lafiya da masu ciwon sukari. A cikin yanayin farko, daidaituwar glucose na plasma shine 3.3-5.5 mmol / l ba tare da kaya ba. A cikin na biyu - daga 7 (sukari "mai fama da yunwa) zuwa 10 mmol / l (bayan loda). Sakamakon ya rigaya ya bayyana lokacin da glucoeter ya tashi zuwa 6.0 mmol / L.

Idan sukari jini ya wuce al'ada, me yakamata nayi? Lokacin da tsarin narkewar ya rikice kuma ya shiga cikin glucose wani bangare, matakinsa zai ƙara ƙaruwa. Idan babu insulin a cikin jiki (tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1), ko kuma bai iya jurewa ayyukansa ba sakamakon raguwar hankalin masu karɓar sel zuwa hormone (tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2), jiki baya karɓar kuzarin da yake buƙata, saboda haka gajiya mai wahala. . Rashin wucewar glucose mai yawa, tsarin garkuwar jiki yana mamayar da kodan, wannan shine dalilin da yasa tafiye-tafiye zuwa bayan gida yana zama mafi yawan lokuta.

Idan sukari na jini koyaushe yana ƙaruwa, zai yi kauri kuma ba zai ratsa ta kananan tasoshin ba. Rushewar zubar jini ba matsala ce ta kwalliya ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa iri-iri akan fata, amma babbar matsala ce ga jikin gaba daya.

Idan sukari mai hawan jini, me za ayi? Canza yanayin rayuwa gabaɗaya zai taimaka wajen kula da sukari: ƙarancin abinci mai ƙoshin abinci, isasshen damuwa ta jiki da tausayawa, saka idanu akan bayanan glycemic.

Yadda za a gano matakin sukarin ku?

Babban sukari na jini - me za a yi? Binciken na yau da kullun ba shine dalilin tsoro ba, saboda yana nuna matakin sugars a lokacin bincike, saboda haka ba zai zama maƙasudi ba.

Bayanai na haemoglobin na data ba su dogara da amfani da kwayoyi ko abinci, damuwa da damuwa ta jiki. Yawan adadin sel jini na jini candied an kiyasta a matsayin kashi. Wadannan jikin jinin suna kwana 120, yana da kyau a dauki irin wadannan gwaje-gwajen duk bayan wata 4.

Don sauya kashi dari zuwa ma'aunin m / mol na yau da kullun don mu, yi amfani da teburin.

Zai dace a duba waɗannan shawarwari masu zuwa:

• Yawan sukari baya dogaro da jinsi.
• A mako na 24-28th, mata masu juna biyu sun wuce gwajin na sa'o'i biyu waɗanda ke nuna haƙuri da glucose.
• Bayan shekaru 40, bincika maganinka na haemoglobin sau 3 a shekara.
• A cikin yara bayan shekaru 5, tsarin sukari yana kusa da manya: a cikin jarirai har zuwa shekara - 2.8-4.4 mmol / l, har zuwa biyar - 3.3-5.0 mmol / l.
• Yana da mahimmanci koyaushe kula da dabi'un haemoglobin na al'ada.

Yadda za a shirya don bincike?

1. Ana ba da sukari na azumi da safe bayan sa'o'i 8-12 karya cikin abinci. Yana da mahimmanci a lokaci guda don yin bacci da kyau, kada a sha barasa da kuma abubuwan al'ajabi da yawa akan Hauwa.
2. Canza abincinku da salon rayuwar ku gab da bincike ba su cancanci ba, saboda sakamakon ba zai zama maƙasudi ba.
3. Gwajin haƙuri a cikin gwaji shine tsokana: an ba wa mai haƙuri 75 g da glucose kuma ana binciken sakamakon sau biyu (tare da wani lokaci na awa 1). Binciken yana da mahimmanci wajen gano cututtukan cututtukan fata da ciwon sukari, kodayake wahala ce a lokaci. Tsakanin ma'aunin ba za ku iya ci ba, ku damu, motsa sosai.
4. Glycated haemoglobin, gano sukari na jini cikin kashi, tsari ne mai sauri wanda ke kimanta sakamako na tsawon watanni 3. Amma irin wannan gwajin bai dace da mata masu juna biyu ba. Kada ku ɗauka a cikin m cututtuka. Idan ya cancanta, ya zama dole a sanar da mai dakin gwaje-gwaje domin yin la’akari da wadannan yanayi yayin yin hukunci.
5. Kuna iya bincika sukarin ku tare da mitirin glucose a kan komai a ciki kuma bayan cin abinci (bayan 2 hours) da kanka, don daidaita adadin insulin.

Lokacin bincika sukari a gida, yana da mahimmanci a san wane ma'aunin da zai bi, saboda lafiyar mutum da masu ciwon sukari sun bambanta.

Yaya za a bincika sukari tare da glucometer?

1. Karanta umarnin;
2. Yakamata a wanke hannu da ruwan zafi da sabulu;
3. Yatsan ringi (galibi hagu) ya kamata a bushe tare da mai gyara gashi, yana da kyau kada kuyi amfani da barasa (yana gurbata sakamako);
4. Saka tsinkayen gwajin a cikin mit ɗin kuma jira siginar sauti;
5. Tare da alƙalami na musamman ko suruka, yi huɗa yatsanka;
6. Ya kamata farkon shafawa tare da tawul ɗin auduga mai bushe;
7. Na biyun shine a haɗe a kan tsirin gwajin bayan ɗibar hoto ya bayyana. Bayan fewan seconds, zaku iya karanta sakamakon.

Girma jini jini: abin da ya yi?

Ba wai kawai maganin tarin fuka zai iya zama babban matsalar sukari ba. Idan bambancin ganewar asali ya bayyana hepatitis ko pituitary gland shineoplasm, babban ilimin cutar ya kamata a bi da.

Yawan abinci mai sukari

Tare da sukari mai yawa, endocrinologist zai ba da shawarar rage cin abinci mai ƙarancin carb - tebur No. 9. Babban yanayinsa shine cire abinci dangane da carbohydrates mai sauri daga abincin: sukari, kayan lemo, taliya, dankali, Sweets, jam, zuma, abubuwan sha da ruwan sha, giya.

Tushen abincin yakamata ya kasance kayan lambu waɗanda suka girma a bayan ƙasa (wake, zucchini, cucumbers, kabeji, tumatir, da sauransu), galibi sabo ne. Jiyya mai zafi yakamata yayi kadan. Abubuwan kariya: nama, kifi, qwai, kayan kiwo, idan kuna amfani dasu cikin matsakaici, ba tare da burodi da jita-jita masu cutarwa kuma mafi kyau da safe, kada ku shafi alamun glucometer.

Lokacin zabar samfuran, ana jagorantar su ta hanyar adadin kuzari da kuma glycemic index. Baya ga sukari, ya zama dole don sarrafa adadin gishiri a cikin jita-jita.

Me game da masu zaki?

Abun ciye-ciye na roba sune maganin kashin kaji, ana soke su lokaci-lokaci a cikin kasashe masu tasowa. A kowane hali, ya kamata a iyakance adadin kashi na saccharin, aspartame, sucracite. Amfani da analogues na halitta kamar stevia ana maraba ne idan jiki bai amsa tare da sakamako wanda ba a so ba a cikin yanayin cututtukan dyspeptik.

Motsa jiki yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa sukari

Muscle, aerobic, cardio loads haɓaka tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, inganta haɓaka glucose ta kyallen. Bayan ayyukan motsa jiki, lafiyar jiki da yanayi suna inganta - mahimman yanayi don daidaituwa na glycemia.

Ba kowa ba ne zai iya ziyartar kulawar motsa jiki, amma yawancin mutane na iya amfani da kekuna, iyo, hutawa, rawa, tennis, badminton. Yana da mahimmanci a aiwatar da tsarin motsa jiki a cikin iska mai kyau, tunda ɗakin shaƙewa na iya tayar da hankalin hypoglycemia - yanayin barazanar rayuwa. Ya kamata a ba da aƙalla lokacin shaƙatawa na aiki a cikin kwanaki 5 a mako don mintuna 30-60.

Shin zan canza zuwa magani?

A bayyane yake cewa mafi kyawun warkarwa ga masu ciwon sukari zai zama abinci mai dacewa, saboda magungunan hypoglycemic suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa sukari da kashi 30% kawai. Idan mutum mai lafiya zai iya cin 300 g tsarkakakken carbohydrates a kowace rana, to akwai masu ciwon sukari da yawa da kuma g 85.

Amma ko da tare da tsayayyen abincin, ba kowa ba ne zai iya sarrafa sukari a 100%. Gaskiya ne gaskiyar ga masu ciwon sukari masu fama da cutar 2 da kuma rashin nasara na koda.

Dole ne a lura da sashi da jadawalin da likita ya tsara. Don sarrafa sukari, an samar da nau'ikan magunguna 4 waɗanda suka banbanta cikin tsarin da tsarin tasiri akan matsalar.

• Magunguna waɗanda ke rage jinkirin insulin na masu karɓa shine biguanides da thiazolinediones (Glucofage, Metformin, Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone).
• Stimulants na samar da kwayoyin halitta na insulin b-kwayoyi sune magungunan sulfonylurea (Diabeton, Maninil) da yumbu.
• Cinarin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa wanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita nauyi da kuma ci abinci ta hanyar tallafawa enzymes na musamman - waɗanda suke da hannu a cikin hanyoyin haɓaka (Viktoza, Yanuviya, Baeta, Galvus).
• Magunguna waɗanda ke sarrafa shaƙar glucose ta bangon hanji (Glucobai, Acarbose).

Kada a rubanya magungunan hypoglycemic don cututtukan hanta da koda, gazawar zuciya (CHD, bugun zuciya), bugun jini, ciki, zubar jini ga abubuwanda suka hada da magunguna, a cikin yara, a cikin yanayin cutar sankara. Cinarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta suna aiki kawai a cikin girman matakan glucometer.

A cikin ayyukan tiyata, mummunan raunin da ya faru, ciki, mummunan yanayin wasu cututtuka, da ƙarancin ingantaccen allunan mai haƙuri, an canza su zuwa insulin. Ana amfani da allura azaman maganin taƙama ko kuma magani mai wahala.

Tare da irin waɗannan magunguna iri-iri, har ma da ƙwararren likita, la'akari da tsufa, contraindications, mataki na cutar, masu ba da shawara na cuta, ba shi da sauƙi a zaɓi. Kuma yin gwaji kan lafiyar ka yana da matukar hadari.

Idan ba a kula da sukari mai yawa ba

Abubuwan da ke haifar da hali na nau'in ciwon sukari 2:

• Weightarancin nauyi (2-3 na kiba);
• Hawan jini (sama da 140/90 mm Hg);
• Babban matakan jimlar da cholesterol "mara kyau";
• Kwayar polycystic;
• Tsarin gado (lokacin da iyali ke da masu fama da cutar siga tare da kowace irin cuta);
• Matan da suka haihu da yara masu nauyi (daga kilogiram 4.5);
• Mata masu juna biyu sun kamu da ciwon sukari.

Babban sukari na ɗan lokaci ba ya bayyana kansa, amma rashi bayyanar cututtuka ba ya kubuta daga rikice-rikice: hyperglycemic coma, ciwon sukari ketoacidosis, yana buƙatar kulawar likita na gaggawa. Matsayi mai mahimmanci yana dacewa da 10% na masu ciwon sukari, sauran sun mutu bayan barayi da yanke ƙafa, bugun zuciya, bugun jini, gazawar fata, da kuma rasa idanuwa.

Girgiza kai yayi yana jigilar jini. Calcium yana zaune a jikin bango mai tsauri, tsarin samar da jini a hankali yana zama kamar bututun ruwa. Samun mafi girma na sukari, da sauri jiragen ruwa sun lalace kuma rikitarwa mai kisa ke gudana. Lafiyayyen mutum bashi da glucose mai yawa.

A cikin maza masu nauyin 75 kilogiram, yawan kewaya jini a 5 lita. Don sukari na al'ada (5.5 mmol / L), ya kamata a narkar da teaspoon na glucose (5 g) a ciki. Don kiyaye daidaituwa, microdoses na glucose da hormones wanda ke daidaita ma'auni suna shiga cikin jini kowace sakan na yini a cikin yini.

Me yasa ake ɗaukaka sukarin jini, da abin da za a yi da fari, cikakken binciken zai faɗi. Tabbas, ba masu ciwon sukari ba kawai suna da babban kuɗi a kan glucometer - wasu kwayoyi (diuretics, corticosteroids, β-blockers, maganin antidepressants, rigakafin hormonal), matakan damuwa mai ƙarfi, rage ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta da rashin lafiyar glandar adrenal, da kuma cututtukan cututtuka kuma suna haɓaka glucometer.

Haɗin kai tare da likita tsarin kulawa da kowane cuta, ƙayyade yadda magungunan da aka tsara za su shafi matakin sukari.

Idan sukari jini ya tashi sosai, me zanyi? Lokaci-lokaci mai saurin hauhawa a cikin sugars yana faruwa tare da bugun zuciya, angina pectoris, ciwo mai zafi tare da tashin hankali adrenaline, farmaki na sanadi, ƙonewa, raunin kai, da tiyata a ciki. Jiyya a wannan yanayin alama ce.

Kusan 6% na yawan mutanen duniya a yau suna fama da cutar sankara (mellitus) - wata cuta, babbar alama wacce ita ce yawan sukarin jini. Abubuwan da ke waje suna tasiri kan ci gaban cutar, kwayoyin halittar jiki ma suna taka rawa, amma da yawa sun dogara da kanmu. Sarrafa mahimman sigogi!

A bidiyon https - sunadarai na jiki: sukari.