Ofayan mafi kyawun magunguna don masu ciwon sukari dangane da farashin da kuma tasiri shine insulin Humulin, kamfanin kamfanin Amurka na Eli Lily da keɓaɓɓun ƙungiyarsa a wasu ƙasashe. Yawan kewayon insulins da aka samar a karkashin wannan alamar suna ya hada da abubuwa da yawa. Akwai kuma wani gajeren zanen hodar da aka kirkira don rage sukari bayan cin abinci, da kuma magani na zamani wanda aka tsara don daidaita al'ada azumin glycemia.
Har ila yau, akwai shirye-shiryen da aka yi na farkon abubuwan biyun na farko tare da yin aiki har zuwa 24 hours. Dukkanin nau'ikan Humulin an yi amfani dashi a cikin maganin cutar sukari shekaru da yawa, kuma kuna yanke hukunci ta hanyar bita, za'a samar da su na dogon lokaci. Magungunan suna ba da kyakkyawan ikon sarrafawa, suna haɓaka haƙuri da tsinkayen aiki.
Nau'in da nau'ikan sakin Humulin
Insulin Humulin hormone ne wanda yake sake maimaita insulin din a cikin jikin mutum a tsari, wurin amino acid da nauyin kwayoyin. Ya sake hadewa, wato, an yi shi ne ta hanyar hanyoyin injin. Daidaitaccen lissafin wannan magungunan na iya mayar da metabolism a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari da guji rikitarwa.
Ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini zai zama abin da ya wuce
- Normalization na sukari -95%
- Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 70%
- Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya -90%
- Rabu da cutar hawan jini - 92%
- Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare -97%
Nau'in Humulin:
- Tsarin Humulin - Wannan bayani ne na insulin tsarkakakke, yana nufin magungunan gajeriyar hanya. Manufarta ita ce don taimakawa sukari daga jini don shiga cikin sel, inda jiki yake amfani dashi don makamashi. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi a cikin haɗin tare da matsakaici ko aiki na tsawon lokaci. Ana iya gudanar da shi shi kadai idan mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari ya shigar da famfon insulin.
- Humulin NPH - dakatarwa da aka yi daga insulin na mutum da furotin ta protamine. Godiya ga wannan ƙarin, sakamakon rage sukari yana farawa da sannu a hankali fiye da insulin gajere, kuma yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci. Abubuwa biyu na kwana daya sun isa su daidaita al'ada tsakanin abinci. Sau da yawa, ana ba da Humulin NPH tare da gajeren insulin, amma tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ana iya amfani dashi da kansa.
- Humulin M3 - Wannan magani ne na kashi biyu wanda ya ƙunshi 30% na insulin Regular da 70% - NPH. Lessarancin da aka saba akan siyarwa shine Humulin M2, yana da rabo 20:80. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa an saita yawan ƙwayar hormone wanda ba a yin la'akari da bukatun mutum na mai haƙuri ba, ana iya sarrafa sukari na jini tare da taimakonsa kamar yadda ake amfani da gajere da matsakaitan insulin dabam. Humulin M3 na iya amfani da shi daga masu ciwon sukari, wanda ya ba da shawarar tsarin gargajiya na maganin insulin.
Umarnin don lokacin aiki:
Humulin | Awanni na aiki | ||
farkon | matsakaici | karshen | |
Regular | 0,5 | 1-3 | 5-7 |
NPH | 1 | 2-8 | 18-20 |
M3 da M2 | 0,5 | 1-8,5 | 14-15 |
Dukkanin insulin na 'Humulin insulin' a halin yanzu yana da maida hankali ne akan U100, saboda haka ya dace da sirinji na insulin da zamani.
Siffofin Saki:
- kwalaben gilashin tare da ƙara 10 ml;
- katakarar katako don sirinji, ya ƙunshi 3 ml, a cikin fakitin 5 guda.
Ana gudanar da insulin na Humulin a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, a cikin matsanancin yanayi - intramuscularly. An ba da izinin gudanar da aikin ciki kawai don Humulin Regular, ana amfani dashi don kawar da ciwo mai zafi kuma ya kamata a aiwatar dashi kawai karkashin kulawar likita.
Manuniya da contraindications
Dangane da umarnin, ana iya tsara Humulin ga duk marasa lafiya da raunin insulin mai tsanani. Yawancin lokaci ana lura dashi a cikin mutane masu nau'in 1 ko fiye da shekaru 2 na ciwon sukari. Za a iya yin amfani da insulin na wucin gadi lokacin ɗaukar yaro, tunda an hana magunguna masu rage sukari a wannan lokacin.
An wajabta Humulin M3 kawai don marasa lafiya na manya, wanda yin amfani da ingantaccen tsarin kulawa na insulin yana da wuya. Sakamakon ƙarancin haɗarin rikicewar cutar sankara har zuwa shekaru 18, ba a ba da shawarar Humulin M3 ba.
Matsaloli masu iya haifar da sakamako:
- Hypoglycemia saboda yawan ƙwayar insulin, ba a kula da shi ba don aikin jiki, karancin carbohydrates a abinci.
- Bayyanar cutar rashin lafiyan, kamar gudawa, kumburi, ƙwanƙwasawa, da jan launi a kewayen allurar. Ana iya haifar dasu ta hanyar insulin ɗan adam da kuma kayan taimako na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Idan alerji ya ci gaba cikin mako guda, lallai ne sai an maye gurbin Humulin tare da insulin tare da wani abun daban.
- Ciwon kirji ko rarrafewa, bugun jini na iya faruwa lokacin da mai haƙuri ya sami mahimmancin potassium. Kwayar cutar ta ɓace bayan kawar da raunin wannan macronutrient.
- Canza cikin kauri da fata da ƙarancin nama a wurin da ake yin allura akai-akai.
Dakatar da kula da insulin na yau da kullun mai mutuwa ne, sabili da haka, koda rashin jin daɗi ya faru, ya kamata a ci gaba da maganin insulin har sai lokacin da ka tattauna da likitanka.
Yawancin marasa lafiya waɗanda aka rubuta Humulin ba sa fuskantar tasirin sakamako ban da hypoglycemia mai sauƙi.
Humulin - umarnin don amfani
Yin lissafi, shiri don allura da gudanar da Humulin daidai suke da sauran shirye-shiryen insulin na tsawon lokacin aikin. Bambancin kawai shine a cikin lokaci kafin cin abinci. A cikin Humulin Regular yana da minti 30. Yana da kyau a shirya wa farkon sarrafa kansa na hormone, tun da a karanta umarnin don amfani.
Shiri
Dole ne a cire insulin daga firiji don ciwan zafin jiki na mafita kamawa daki. Kwallan katako ko kwalban cakuda na hormone tare da protamine (Humulin NPH, Humulin M3 da M2) suna buƙatar a birgima tsakanin tafin hannu sau da yawa kuma a juya sama da ƙasa don dakatarwa a ƙasa gaba ɗaya ta rushe kuma dakatarwar ta sami launi mai laushi na fari ba tare da jujjuya ba. Shake shi da ƙarfi don guje wa yawan matsanancin fitarwa da iska. Humulin na yau da kullun baya buƙatar irin wannan shiri; koyaushe a bayyane yake.
An zaɓi tsayin allura ta irin wannan hanyar don tabbatar da allurar subcutaneous kuma ba ta shiga cikin tsoka ba. Alkalamiin silsila wanda ya dace da insulin Humulin - Humapen, BD-Pen da ƙarancin analog ɗin.
Gabatarwa
Allurar insulin cikin wurare tare da ciwan mai: ciki, cinya, gindi da manyan hannaye. Mafi yawan hanzari da kuma isar sha a cikin jini ana lura dashi yayin da allura a cikin ciki, don haka ana saka Humulin Regular a ciki. Don aiwatar da maganin ya bi umarnin, ba shi yiwuwa a ƙara haɓaka wurare dabam dabam na jini a wurin allurar: rub, kunsawa, da tsoma cikin ruwan zafi.
Lokacin gabatar da Humulin, yana da mahimmanci kada rush: a hankali ku tattara wani yanki na fatar ba tare da kama ƙwayar ba, a hankali allurar, sannan ku riƙe allura a cikin fata na daƙiƙoki na daban don kada mafita ya fara fitowa. Don rage haɗarin lipodystrophy da kumburi, ana canza bututu bayan kowace amfani.
Gargadi
Ya kamata a zaɓi kashi na farko na Humulin tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da likitan halartar. Yawan shaye-shaye na iya haifar da raguwar raguwar sukari da coma mai haɓaka. Babu isasshen adadin sinadaran da ake dasu tare da ketoacidosis masu ciwon sukari, cututtukan angiopathies da neuropathy daban-daban.
Abubuwan daban-daban na insulin sun bambanta a cikin tasiri, saboda haka kuna buƙatar canzawa daga Humulin zuwa wani magani kawai idan akwai sakamako masu illa ko isasshen diyya don ciwon sukari. Canjin yana buƙatar juyawa na kashi da ƙari, ƙarin glycemic iko.
Bukatar insulin na iya ƙaruwa yayin canje-canje na hormonal a cikin jiki, yayin ɗaukar wasu magunguna, cututtukan cututtuka, damuwa. Ana buƙatar ƙananan hormone don marasa lafiya da ke fama da hepatic kuma, musamman, gazawar koda.
Yawan damuwa
Idan aka saka insulin fiye da yadda ake buƙatar shan ƙwayar carbohydrates da aka cinye, mai haƙuri tare da ciwon sukari zai zama babu makawa zai iya kasancewa cikin rashin lafiyar hypoglycemia. Yawancin lokaci ana haɗuwa da girgiza, jin sanyi, rauni, gajiya, bugun jini, da kuma ɗar ɗar ɗamara. A wasu masu ciwon sukari, alamomin ke shafe su, irin wannan raguwar sukari yana da haɗari musamman, tunda ba za a iya hana shi cikin lokaci ba. Yawan hypoglycemia da keɓaɓɓen ƙwayar cuta da ke haifar da cututtukan jini na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka.
Nan da nan bayan abin da ya faru na hypoglycemia, ana iya dakatar da shi ta hanyar carbohydrates mai sauri - sukari, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, allunan glucose. Excessarin allurai masu ƙarfi zasu iya haifar da matsanancin rashin ƙarfi, har zuwa farkon kwayar cutar ƙaiƙayi. A gida, ana iya kawar da shi da sauri ta hanyar gabatar da glucagon, akwai abubuwa na musamman don kulawa ta gaggawa ga mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari, alal misali, GlucaGen HypoKit. Idan kantin glucose a cikin hanta karami ne, wannan magani ba zai taimaka ba. Abinda kawai za a iya amfani dashi a wannan yanayin shine gudanar da jiyya na glucose a cikin asibiti. Wajibi ne a sadar da marassa lafiya a wurin da wuri-wuri, tunda kwayar ta yi cikin da sauri kuma tana haifar da cutarwa ga jiki.
Dokokin adana Humulin
Duk nau'in insulin suna buƙatar yanayi na ajiya. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin sun canza sosai a lokacin daskarewa, bayyanar da hasken ultraviolet da kuma yanayin zafi sama da 35 ° C. Ana adana kaya a cikin firiji, a ƙofar ko a kan shiryayye da nisa daga bangon baya. Rayuwar shelf bisa ga umarnin don amfani: shekaru 3 don Humulin NPH da M3, shekaru 2 don Regular. Kwalban budewa na iya zama da zazzabi na 15-25 ° C na kwanaki 28.
Tasirin kwayoyi akan humulin
Magunguna na iya canza tasirin insulin da kuma ƙara haɗarin sakamako masu illa. Sabili da haka, lokacin da ake rubuta jigilar maganin, likita dole ne ya samar da cikakken jerin magungunan da aka karɓa, waɗanda suka hada da ganye, bitamin, kayan abinci, kayan abinci da kuma hana haihuwa.
Sakamako mai yiwuwa:
Tasiri a jiki | Jerin magunguna |
Haɓaka matakin sukari, ana buƙatar karuwa a cikin adadin insulin. | Abubuwan hana haifuwa na baka, glucocorticoids, roba androgens, hodar iblis, da ake kira β2-adrenergic agonists, gami da maganin terbutaline da salbutamol. Magunguna don tarin fuka, nicotinic acid, shirye-shiryen lithium. Thiazide diuretics na amfani da su don magance hauhawar jini. |
Rage sukari. Don guje wa hypoglycemia, kashi na Humulin dole ne a rage. | Tetracyclines, salicylates, sulfonamides, anabolics, beta-blockers, hypoglycemic jami'ai don lura da ciwon sukari na type 2. ACE inhibitors (kamar enalapril) da masu karɓa na karɓa na AT1 (losartan) galibi ana amfani dasu don magance hauhawar jini. |
Abubuwan da ba a iya tantancewa ba a cikin glucose jini. | Barasa, pentacarinate, clonidine. |
Rage alamun bayyanar cututtukan hypoglycemia, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yake da wuya a kauda shi cikin lokaci. | Beta blockers, alal misali, metoprolol, propranolol, wasu saukad da idanu don lura da glaucoma. |
Siffofin amfani a lokacin daukar ciki
Don kuma guje wa fitsarin mahaifa a lokacin daukar ciki, yana da mahimmanci a kula da cutar ta glycemia na yau da kullun. An haramta amfani da magungunan hana daukar ciki a wannan lokacin, saboda suna tsoma baki ga samar da abinci ga yaro. Maganin da aka yarda kawai a wannan lokacin shine insulin tsayi da gajere, gami da Humulin NPH da Regular. Gabatarwar Humulin M3 ba kyawawa bane, tunda ba zai iya ramawa game da cutar sankara ba da kyau.
A lokacin daukar ciki, bukatar hodar iblis ta canza sau da yawa: yana raguwa a cikin farkon farkon, yana karuwa sosai cikin 2 da 3, kuma yana raguwa da sauri nan da nan bayan haihuwa. Don haka, ya kamata a sanar da duk likitocin da ke gudanar da juna biyu da masu juna biyu game da kasancewar cutar siga a cikin mata.
Analogs
Menene zai iya maye gurbin insulin na Humulin idan sakamako masu illa sun faru:
Magunguna | Farashin 1 ml, rub. | Tattaunawa | Farashin 1 ml, rub. | ||
kwalban | alkalan alkalami | kwalban | kabad | ||
Humulin NPH | 17 | 23 | Biosulin N | 53 | 73 |
Insuman Bazal GT | 66 | - | |||
Rinsulin NPH | 44 | 103 | |||
Protafan NM | 41 | 60 | |||
Tsarin Humulin | 17 | 24 | Nakamaka NM | 39 | 53 |
Rinsulin P | 44 | 89 | |||
Insuman Rapid GT | 63 | - | |||
Biosulin P | 49 | 71 | |||
Humulin M3 | 17 | 23 | Mikstard 30 nm | A halin yanzu babu | |
Gensulin M30 |
Wannan tebur ya bada jerin sunayen analogues cikakke - insulins na kayan aikin ɗan adam tare da ƙarshen lokacin aiki.