Rashin kula da cututtukan cututtukan mellitus - ƙi shan magunguna, ƙarancin iko da sukari na jini, rashin isasshen lokacin taimako ga likita lokacin da aka haɗa wata cuta mai kamuwa da cuta, da haifar da mummunan rikice-rikice a cikin nau'in kwayar cutar.
Cutar sankarar mahaifa tana tare da matsanancin rashin ƙarfi, zazzabin cizon sauro da haɗari ga rayuwar marasa lafiya. Matsakaici mai zurfi na hyperglycemia na iya faruwa a cikin nau'i na ketoacidotic (tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1) ko cutar hyperosmolar (nau'in ciwon sukari na 2).
Idan matakin sukari na jini ya kasance 34, to, kawai likita ne zai iya yanke shawara abin da za a yi a cikin irin wannan yanayin, magani na kai yana da haɗari ga rayuwa. Ana gudanar da aikin waɗannan yanayin ne kawai cikin yanayin ɓangarorin kulawa mai ɗorewa.
Sanadin Coma
Yanayin ƙwaƙwalwar cuta na iya zama alamar farko ta ciwon sukari tare da jinkirtawar marigayi ko dogon latent na cutar. Babban abinda ke haifar da karuwar yawan sukari na jini shine karancin insulin. A cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, rashin isasshen ƙwayar kansa na mutum yana haifar da ketoacidosis.
Mafi sau da yawa, yanayin ketoacidotic yana faruwa tare da zaɓin insulin da ba a zaɓa ba, ƙi magani, ƙeta tsarin kula da magunguna, yanayin damuwa, ayyukan tiyata, matsanancin kamuwa da cuta ko cututtuka masu rarrabewa.
Tare da raunin insulin a cikin jini da kuma glucose a cikin sel, jikin zai fara amfani da adon mai a matsayin tushen kuzari. Abubuwan da ke cikin jini na mai mai yawa suna ƙaruwa, wanda ke zama tushen tushen jikin ketone. A wannan yanayin, amsawar jini yana motsawa zuwa gefen acid, kuma haɓaka matakin glucose yana haifar da asarar ruwa mai gudana a cikin fitsari.
Yawancin ƙwayar cuta na Hyperosmolar shine mafi yawan lokuta rikitarwa a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na ci gaba; ci gabansa shine mafi yawan lokuta ga tsofaffi waɗanda ke ɗaukar allunan don daidaita cututtukan hawan jini da rage cin abinci. Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da kwayar cutar mahaifa sune:
- Cutar jijiyoyin bugun zuciya.
- Cututtukan da ke tattare da asalin zafin jiki.
- Muni ko wuce gona da iri na ciwon koda.
- Zubda jini, raunin da ya faru, konewa, ayyukan tiyata.
- Cututtukan ciki.
- Rashin wahala.
A cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, insulin a cikin jini na iya isa ya hana ƙirƙirar jikin ketone, amma saboda haɓaka matakin catecholamines a cikin jini, bai isa ba don rama yawan karuwar glucose a cikin jini.
Bayyanar cututtuka na hyperosmolar coma suna hade da matsanancin bushewa da lalacewar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.
Alamar rashin daidaituwa a cikin masu ciwon sukari
Ana amfani da coma mai ciwon sukari ta hanyar haɓakar hankali a hankali, wanda ke bambanta shi da yanayin hypoglycemic, lokacin da mutum zai rasa hankali kwatsam.
Alamun yau da kullun don ketoacidosis da yanayin hyperosmolar suna bayyana saboda hauhawar jini da yawa da asarar ƙwayar jiki.
Don kwanaki da yawa, marasa lafiya suna jin ƙarancin ƙishirwa, rauni, karuwar ci yana maye ta hanyar tashin zuciya da damuwa ga abinci, urination ya zama mai yawa kuma ya kasance mai yawa, ciwon kai, tsananin farin ciki da nutsuwa.
Ketoacidosis yana da alamu na bayyanar da acidation na jini, yawan saurin numfashi, fitowar warin acetone a cikin iska mai nutsuwa. Saboda tasirin acetone akan jikin mucous membranes, akwai raunin ciki da tashin hankali na bangon ciki na ciki, sake yin matsewa, wanda ke haifar da kuskuren ganewar cutar sankarar muguwar cuta.
Alamun alamu na yanayin hyperosmolar:
- Yawan fitowar fitsari, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da cikakkiyar rashinsa.
- Weaknessarancin rauni, gajeruwar numfashi da kuma bugun zuciya.
- Gyaran idanu suna da taushi lokacin da aka matse.
- Sauke cikin karfin jini.
- Ssarancin sani tare da shiga ciki.
- Cramps, motsi mara ido.
- Rashin Ingancin magana.
Cutar rashin kwaro
Don yin daidai a san dalilin coma, ana gwada haƙuri ga jini da fitsari nan da nan bayan shigar da sashen. A cikin jini tare da yanayin ketoacidotic, babban digiri na hyperglycemia, motsi a cikin amsawar ga gefen acid, jikin ketone, da rikicewar rikicewar electrolyte an gano.
A cikin fitsari, ana gano matakan hawan glucose da acetone. Alamar mai yiwuwa na iya kasancewa leukocytosis, karuwa a cikin creatinine da urea a cikin jini (saboda karuwar karuwar sunadarai). Dangane da tsananin yanayin, glycemia na iya zama daga 16 zuwa 35 mmol / L.
Hyperosmolar coma yana da halin karuwa a cikin sukari na jini daga 33 zuwa 55 mmol / L, karuwar osmolarity jini, rashi na ketones da acidosis, da kuma rashin isasshen yaduwar jini. Matakan sodium, sinadarin chloride, da kuma tasirin sunadarai suna da yawa, kuma potassium yana da sauki.
A cikin fitsari, da ake kira glucosuria, acetone ba'a ƙaddara shi ba.
Maganin Cutar Cutar na Ciwon Mara
Don rage glucose na jini, duk marasa lafiya, ba tare da la'akari da magani na baya ba, ya kamata a canza shi gaba daya zuwa insulin. A wannan yanayin, babban dokar shine jinkirin raguwar sukari na jini. Wannan ya wajaba don hana haɓakar ƙwayar cuta na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta.
Abubuwan da ɗan adam ke da shi kawai aka kera gajeriyar ayyukan insulin na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Gabatarwa an fara aiwatar dasu ta hanyar ciki, yayin da sukari jini ya ragu - intramuscularly, sannan kuma canza zuwa hanyar gargajiya ta subcutaneous na insulin far.
Gudanar da insulin a cikin ketoacidosis an nuna shi daga farkon lokacin da aka ba da magani, kuma lokacin da aka cire shi daga hyperosmolar coma a cikin ciwon sukari, ana sanya ƙananan allurai na magunguna kawai bayan dawo da ƙimar ƙwayar al'ada a cikin jiki.
Don maganin jiko, ana amfani da maganin ilimin halayyar sodium chloride, idan akwai babban sodium a cikin jini, to an maida hankali sosai - an shirya maganin 0.45%. Ana yawan yin ruwa sosai a rana ta farko a ƙarƙashin ikon aikin jijiyoyin zuciya da kodan.
Bugu da kari, don kula da cutar malaria:
- Antioxidant far - gabatarwar bitamin B12.
- Abubuwan da ake samu na potassium.
- Heparin shirye-shiryen zubar da jini.
- Kwayoyin rigakafi.
- Magungunan zuciya.
Bayan an daidaita yanayin marasa lafiya, za su iya ɗaukar abinci da kansu, ana ba su shawarar ruwan alkaline na ma'adinan, abinci mai sauƙin ma'ana tare da ƙuntatawa na carbohydrates mai sauƙi da kitsen dabbobi.
Ya danganta da matakin sukari na jini, ana zaba allurai na tsawan insulin (ana gudanar da shi sau 1-2 a rana) da kuma gajerar aiki (injections subcutaneously kafin kowane abinci). Hakanan, ana yin tiyata don yanayin da ya haifar da lalata cututtukan sukari, da kuma rigakafin thrombosis.
Ta yaya za a hana ci gaban ciwon sukari?
Babban doka don hana ci gaban rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari a cikin nau'i mai laushi shine kula da sukari na jini. Cutar mai ciwon sukari tana haɓaka a hankali, sabili da haka, tare da haɓakar sukari fiye da 11 mmol / l da kuma rashin iya cimma rage ta hanyar ƙara yawan adadin magunguna da aka tsara, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi likita da gaggawa.
Yana da mahimmanci a irin waɗannan yanayi don ɗaukar isasshen adadin ruwan sha mai tsabta, kuma gaba ɗaya cire kayan zaki da na gari daga abinci, har ma da nama mai kitse, kirim mai tsami, da man shanu. Yawancin shawarar cin ganyayyaki da kifayen da aka dafa suna da shawarar. Ya kamata a rage yawan shan kofi da shayi mai ƙarfi saboda tasirin cutar su.
Idan an wajabta maganin insulin, to, haramtacciyar maganarsa haramun ce. Marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari yakamata suyi magani da kansa da kuma cututtukan da suke tattare da cutar. Yana da haɗari musamman don ƙin rashin lafiyar sukari ba da izini ba kuma canzawa zuwa ɗaukar kayan abinci.
A cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na guda biyu, hauhawar da ba a sarrafa shi cikin sukari na jini na iya nufin raguwa a cikin ƙarfin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta don samar da insulin kansa. Hanyar ciwon sukari ya zama mai buƙatar insulin. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a nemi kulawa ta likitanci a cikin lokaci idan ba zai yiwu a rama wa masu cutar siga tare da magungunan da aka tsara ba.
Kwararre a cikin bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai yi magana game da cutar sankara mai cutar sankara.
