Take hakkin matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki na iya zama daya daga cikin dalilan ci gaban ciwon sukari. Kwanan nan, wannan batun ya zama mai dacewa sosai, saboda mutane da yawa suna iya kamuwa da cutar. A farkon matakin, cutar na iya ba da kanta. Bayyana shi zai ba da damar bincike kawai ga masu ciwon sukari. Ya kamata a riƙa ɗauka akai-akai don gano cutar da kuma zaɓi hanyar da ta dace.
Ciwon sukari mellitus
Menene wannan cutar?
Gwanin jini a cikin mutumin da baya fama da ciwon sukari mellitus yana daga 3.3 zuwa 5.5 mmol / L. Lokacin da maida hankali ya zama mafi girma, zamu iya magana game da kasancewar cutar. Cutar sukari tana da nau'ikan guda biyu: na farko a cikin jiki akwai isasshen samar da insulin, wanda ya ƙunshi jigilar glucose daga jini ta cikin sel; a karo na biyu - jikin bai iya nuna kwayar cutar insulin kwata-kwata.
Bala'i a cikin aiki na wasu gabobin ciki mutum na iya kawo cikas ga samarda insulin. Tare da karancin adadinsa, abubuwan glucose a cikin jini baya raguwa. Lokaci don gano wannan Patalin ya ba da damar gwaji don ciwon sukari. Sau da yawa, marasa lafiya suna koyo game da cutar kwatsam. Kuma idan kun maimaita irin wannan karatun lokaci-lokaci, to zaku iya kiyaye lafiyarku.
Cutar Ciwon Mara
Tare da wata cuta ta nau'in farko, alamu suna bayyana kwatsam, don nau'in na biyu, ci gaba da haɓaka shine halayyar mutum. A farkon batun, ƙungiyar haɗarin ta ƙunshi matasa da yara. An ba da shawarar yin gwajin jini don ciwon sukari idan:
- Ba a taɓa sha ƙishirwa sau da yawa;
- Akwai matsi mai yawa zuwa bayan gida, yawan fitsari yana da yawa;
- Rashin rauni wanda ba a bayyana shi ba yana cikin jiki;
- An lura da raguwa mai nauyi a cikin nauyin jiki.
Yaran da iyayensu ke fama da wannan cutar suma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankarau. Musamman idan an haife jariri tare da nauyin kilogram 4500, tare da rage yawan rigakafi, cututtuka na rayuwa ko kuma yana kan abincin da bai daidaita ba. Saboda haka, irin waɗannan yara yakamata a bincika su a kai a kai ta likita.
Nau'in na biyu na ciwon suga ya fi shafar matan da suka tsallake da shekaru 45. Musamman idan sun jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa marasa aiki, masu kiba da abinci mai gina jiki. Mutanen da ke wannan rukuni ya kamata suma a gwada su lokaci-lokaci don masu ciwon sukari. Kuma kada ku yi shakka idan kun fara lura:
- Umbushin yatsan yatsa;
- Itching na kaciya;
- Fashin fata;
- Dindindin bushe bakin.
Bayyanar wadannan bayyanar cututtuka na iya faruwa lokaci guda. Wata kararrawa na firgita don bincike na iya zama yawan haɗuwa da mura ga sanyi.
Gwajin jini game da ciwon sukari
Me ya sa nake bukatar gwadawa?
Bincike a cikin ciwon sukari dole ne a yi. Kwayar halittar endocrinologist ta kawo batun gwaje-gwaje, haka kuma ya sanya fitinar karshe. Ana gudanar da binciken ne don dalilai masu zuwa:
- Kafa cutar;
- Kulawa da sauye-sauyen canje-canje masu gudana;
- Kulawa da lafiyar kodan da cututtukan fata;
- Kulawa da glucose a cikin jini;
- Zabin adadin da ake buƙata na insulin don allura;
- Ma'anar rikice-rikice da kuma matsayin ci gaban su.
Ya kamata a gwada mata masu juna biyu saboda zargin cutar siga. Bayan duk wannan, wannan na iya shafar lafiyar jariri da kuma ikonsa na “isar da” ciki zuwa lokacin da ake so. Bayan samun sakamakon binciken, idan ya cancanta, an zaɓi hanyar magani ko an yi alƙawura don ƙarin iko.
Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ne na jini ya kamata a dauka?
Idan kuna da shakku cewa ciwon sukari na haɓaka, ko kuna cikin haɗari, to kuna buƙatar sanin irin gwaje-gwajen da ake buƙatar wucewa. Da farko dai, ya kamata ka san sakamakon:
- Binciken ƙirar ƙwayar cuta don glucose jini. A farashin sama da 5.5 mmol / L, ana yin bincike na biyu kamar yadda endocrinologist ya umarta.
- Glycated gwajin haemoglobin.
- Nazarin C-peptides.
- Gwajin haƙuri (Gwajin haƙuri) - Gwajin haƙuri da haƙuri (GTT).
- Gwajin ciwon sukari na yamma.
Idan akwai wata cuta ko tuhuma game da ci gabanta, ana ba da gwaje-gwaje don ciwon sukari kowane watanni 2-6. Wannan yana ba ku damar ganin canje-canje a cikin jiki. Kuma, da farko, don tabbatar ko cutar tana da mahimmancin ci gaba.
Nazarin kwayoyin
Gwajin jini na biochemical zai taimaka gano ƙwayar sukari a cikin kayan ɓarawon. Idan alamunsa sun zarce 7 mmol / l, to wannan yana nuna ci gaban ciwon sukari. An tsara wannan nau'in bincike sau 1 a cikin shekara, saboda haka mai haƙuri ya kamata ya kula da yanayin lafiyar kansa kuma, a mafi ƙarancin karkata daga al'ada, nemi likita.
Kwayar halittar kwayar cutar za ta iya gano ciwon sukari ta hanyar karkatar da sauran alamomin: cholesterol (an daukaka shi idan ya kamu da rashin lafiya), fructose (haɓaka), triglycides (mafi girman ɗaukaka), sunadarai (saukar da ƙasa). Ana kulawa da musamman don insulin abun ciki: don nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari an saukar da shi, don 2 - ya karu ko yana cikin mafi girma na al'ada.
Gwajin gwajin haƙuri
Lokacin bincika marasa lafiya don ciwon sukari, ana yin gwajin haƙuri haƙuri. Tare da shi, zaku iya gano matsalolin ɓoye a cikin aiki na ƙwayar cuta kuma, a sakamakon haka, matsaloli tare da metabolism a cikin jiki. Alamu game da nadin GTT sune:
- Matsaloli tare da hawan jini;
- Wuce kima a jiki
- Kwayar polycystic;
- Babban sukari a cikin mata masu juna biyu;
- Cutar hanta
- Farjin hormone na dogon lokaci
- Haɓakar cutar haihuwar.
Don iyakar daidaiton sakamakon da aka samu, ya zama dole don shirya jikinka yadda yakamata don gwajin. A cikin kwanaki 3 kafin wannan hanyar gano cutar sukari, ba za ku iya yin canje-canje ga abincinku ba. Ranar da za a fara gwajin, hakanan za ku daina shan giya, kuma a ranar gwajin, bai kamata ku sha taba ko shan kofi ba.
Guji yanayin da zai sa ka gumi cikin nasara. Karka sauya tsoffin ruwan da aka saba dasu kowace rana. An yi gwajin farko da wuri akan komai a ciki. Ana yin abubuwa masu zuwa ne bayan shan ruwa tare da narkar da glucose a ciki. Ana maimaita matakan sau da yawa a lokuta na yau da kullun.
Dukkanin sakamako ana rubuta su, kuma an sanya ƙarshe a kan su. Idan alamar sukari ya kasance 7.8 mmol / L, to, komai yana tare da ku. Idan sakamakon ya shiga cikin kewayon daga 7.8 zuwa 11.1 mmol / l, to kuna da yanayin da aka riga aka kamu da cutar - akwai matsaloli a cikin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Duk abin da ya fi 11.1 mmol / l - a fili yana nuna wata cuta.
Glycated Hemoglobin Assay
Irin wannan nazarin yana ba ku damar sanin matakin tattara yawan sukari a cikin jini a cikin watanni 3 da suka gabata. Dangane da haka, maimaitawar maimaitawa shine watanni 3. Wadannan gwaje-gwaje don ciwon sukari na iya gano shi a farkon matakan. A wuce shi ya kamata kuma a shirya:
- Don hayan kan komai a ciki.
- Kwana biyu kafin bayarwa yakamata ya kasance babu hanyoyin samun matsala.
- Kwanaki 3 kafin ranar bayarwa yakamata a sami zubar jini mai nauyi
Don kimanta sakamakon, ana samun bayanan da aka samu a cikin kashi dari tare da ma'aunin haemoglobin. Idan sakamakon ya kasance a cikin kewayon 4.5-6.5%, to kuwa kuna daidai. Idan adadin ya kasance daga 6 zuwa 6.5, to wannan shine matakin cutar suga. Duk abin da ke sama cuta ce.
Eterayyadewar C-peptides
Irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen don ciwon sukari na iya yin daidai da ƙimar lalacewar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke shiga kai tsaye a cikin samar da insulin. Alamu masu irin wannan binciken sune:
- Kasancewar glucose a cikin fitsari;
- Bayyanar asibiti na ciwon sukari;
- Tabbatar da yanayin gado;
- Bayyanar alamun alamun cutar yayin daukar ciki.
Kafin nazarin, bitamin C, Asfirin, magungunan hormonal da kuma cututtukan hana haihuwa ba za a sha su ba. An yi gwajin ne a kan komai a ciki. Lokacin azumi a gabansa ya zama akalla awanni 10. Ranar gwajin, zaku iya shan ruwa kawai. Ba shan taba, babu cin abinci. Mai nuna alamar sakamako na al'ada shine kewayon daga 298 zuwa 1324 pm / L. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, alamu suna da girma. Duk abin da ke ƙasa yana faɗi game da nau'in cuta 1. Hakanan ana iya lura da ƙarancin yanayi yayin maganin insulin.
Gwajin jini ga masu cutar sankara
Ana gudanar da wannan binciken a matakai da yawa. A farkon waɗannan, ana yin gwaje-gwaje a kan komai a ciki. Lokacin da aka ba da shawarar ya wuce tun abincin ƙarshe, sa'o'i 8. An ba da wannan lokacin don daidaita abubuwan glucose.
Limita'idodin iyakance na yau da kullun sun kai 100 mg / dl, kuma a gaban cutar - 126 mg / dl. Dangane da haka, duk abin da ke cikin wannan kewayon yana nuna kasancewar ciwon sukari na latent. Don mataki na gaba, ana gudanar da gwajin ne bayan shan ruwa na ruwa na ruwa 200 tare da sukari da aka gauraya shi. Ana iya samun sakamako a cikin 'yan sa'o'i biyu.
Ka'ida zai kasance a cikin kewayon har zuwa 140 mg / dl, da latti ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin kudaden daga 140 zuwa 200 mg / dl. Don tabbatar da ganewar asali bisa ga bayanan da aka karɓa, likita ya ba da ƙarin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don ciwon sukari, dole ne a wuce su don tabbatar da cewa wuce haddi na al'ada.
Gudanar da hanji don ciwon sukari
Wadanne gwajin fitsari ne ya kamata a sha?
Idan ka bi ka’ida, to a cikin fitsari cikin lafiyayyen mutum, ba za a iya gano sukari ba, bai kamata ya kasance a wurin ba. Don bincike, galibi ana amfani da fitsari safe ko fitsari yau da kullun. Lokacin yin bincike, ana yin la’akari da sakamakon da aka samu;
- Fitsari na safe Idan mutum yana da koshin lafiya, to lallai yakamata a sami sukari a cikin fitsari kwata-kwata. Idan kashi daya da aka tattara na binciken ya nuna glucose, to yakamata a sake maimaita binciken yau da kullun.
- Fitsari na yau da kullun yana ba ku damar kafa cutar da tsananin ƙarfinsa a gaban sukari a cikin fitsari.
Lokacin rubuta wannan nau'in bincike kwana ɗaya kafin, ba a ba da shawarar ci tumatir, beets, lemu, tangerines, lemons, innabi, karas, buckwheat da kabewa. Alamun nazarin yau da kullun, ba shakka, sun fi ƙarin bayani ga likita. Lokacin tattara kayan, duk dokoki da shawarwari yakamata a bi.
Janar (safiya) bincike
Yakamata a yi gwajin jini gaba ɗaya don masu ciwon sukari a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Hakanan, ya kamata a bi wasu ka'idodi yayin tara fitsari. A yadda aka saba, a cikin wannan kayan abun cikin sukari ya kamata ya zama ba komai. An ba da izinin zuwa 0.8 mol kowace lita na fitsari. Duk abin da ya wuce wannan darajar yana nuni da cutar sankara. Kasancewar glucose a cikin fitsari ana kiransa glucosuria.
Ya kamata a tattara fitsari a cikin akwati mai tsabta ko maras shinge. Kafin tattarawa, ya kamata ku wanke al'aurarku da kyau. Ya kamata a ɗauki matsakaicin yanki don bincike. Dole ne a karɓi kayan a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a tsakanin awanni 1.5.
Nazarin yau da kullun
Idan akwai buƙatar bayyana sakamakon babban binciken ko tabbatar da bayanan da aka samo, likita zai ba da wani tarin fitsari yau da kullun. Kashi na farko nan da nan bayan an farka ba a la'akari dashi. Farawa daga urination na biyu, tattara komai a cikin kwana ɗaya a cikin tsabta mai tsabta, bushe.
Adana kayan da aka tattara a cikin firiji. Washegari da kuka haɗa shi don daidaita alamomi a duk girman, zuba 200 ml a cikin akwati daban mai tsabta kuma ɗauka don bincika.
Abun da ke cikin fitsari na acetone - jikin ketone - yana nuna matsalolin rushewar kitse da carbohydrates a jiki. Babban bincike na irin wannan sakamakon ba zai samar ba. Lokacin yin gwajin fitsari, bai kamata ku sha wasu magunguna ba. Mata su jira har zuwa ƙarshen haila, tunda a wannan lokacin baza a iya yin tarin kayan ba.
Kammalawa
Bai isa ba a san mene ne gwaje-gwaje na masu ciwon sukari, ya zama dole a gano cutar a cikin lokaci. Ba shi yiwuwa a bincika shi ta hanyar nau'ikan bincike guda ɗaya, don haka likita koyaushe ya tsara su a cikin wani hadadden tsarin. Wannan zai ba da damar ingantaccen hoto na asibiti.
Ga mutanen da suke so su sarrafa sukarin jininsu, mitirin glucose na jini ya kamata ya kasance abokin aminci. Ana iya siyan wannan na'urar a kantin magani, kuma mai sauqi ne don amfani. Kai da kanka koyaushe zaka iya sarrafa glucose. Kuma idan kun wuce alamun da aka tsara ta hanyar al'ada, zaku iya gujewa mummunan sakamako ta hanyar tuntuɓar likita a farkon farkon yiwuwar cutar. Yakamata ayi gwaje-gwaje da safe kafin abinci da rana bayan abinci, bayan hutu na awa 2-2.5. Hakanan sau da yawa ba zaka iya sarrafa sukarin jininka a cikin ciwon sukari ba ta hanyar yin gwajin jini.
Wadanda ke cikin hadarin yakamata su sanya ido kan alamomin hawan jini, suyi gwajin jini, nemi kwararrun likitan likitoci, da kuma binciken kudaden. Ofaya daga cikin alamun cutar na iya zama mara hangen nesa. Tambaya akai-akai ga likitanka na gida don hanyoyin zuwa karatu kamar su ilimin halittar jini.
