Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce ta kowa da ke addabar mutane na kowane zamani da jinsi. Ya kamata ku sami masaniyar menene alamu da hanyoyin da ake lura dasu tare da cutar.
Matakan bincike za su ba da damar fara magani yadda yakamata domin rage mummunan tasirin wannan cuta mai haɗari.
Ta hanyar aiwatar da matakan warkewa ta hanyar likita, marasa lafiya na iya jagorancin cikakken rayuwa na dogon lokaci. Don wani rukuni na mutane masu ciwon sukari, ana nuna allurar insulin na yau da kullun.
Menene insulin
Insulin shine hormone na musamman wanda ke aiki a cikin ka'idojin yawancin masana'antun sunadarai a cikin jiki. Don sanin abin da magani zai amfani mutum, yana da mahimmanci a gare shi ya fahimci tsarin aikin insulin a cikin jiki, aikinta ko biosynthesis, ƙa'idar aiki akan kowane mai karɓa.
Musamman, wajibi ne a bayyana:
- fasalin halayen sunadarai da ke faruwa tare da insulin,
- nau'ikan kwayoyi tare da wannan hormone,
- bukatun insulin
- hanyoyin gabatarwa
- dalilai na buƙatar saiti na tsarin yanayin jikin mutum.
Ana samar da insulin a zahiri a cikin jikin mutum. Lokacin narke abinci, carbohydrates daga samfura suna canzawa zuwa glucose jini. Insulin shine babban mai samar da makamashi a jiki. Ana samar da kwayar halittar a cikin farji.
Kwayar halittar tana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar glucose, musamman, samuwar ajiyar ta. Tare tare da insulin, sauran kwayoyin, alal misali, amylin da glucagon, suna shiga cikin wannan aikin.
Insulin yana aiki azaman mai ba da labari na halitta ga abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai wanda ke motsa metabolism a jiki. Wannan hormone yana aiwatar da mahimman tsari na biochemical: canjin glucose a cikin gabobin da tsokoki daban-daban, da juya shi zuwa glycogen.
Rashin insulin na iya haifar da ciwon sukari. Babban bayyanar cututtuka sune:
- matsanancin urination (6-10 lita kowace rana),
- m ƙishirwa
- jihar hyperclycemia
- ketonemia
- metabolism na gina jiki na al'ada
- raguwa mai yawa a cikin adadin glycogen da ke ƙunshe cikin tsokoki da hanta,
- lipidemia (haɓaka mai a cikin jini),
- glucosuria.
Insulin yana tasiri sosai akan tsarin glycogen, yana hana sauya amino acid zuwa glucose. Wannan yana bayyana buƙatar buƙata allurar insulin kai tsaye bayan mutumin ya kasance yana aiki da aikin jiki.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, insulin yana cikin wadatar samar da amino acid ga sel, wanda ke haifar da zarurr zarra. Amma wani lokacin wannan hormone yana cutar jikin mutum. An bayyana wannan a cikin ajiya na triglycerides, wanda suke cikin tso adi nama. Don haka kashin mai keɓaɓɓe ya zama mafi girma.
Wannan shine ɗayan raunin da ke tattare da rashin amfanin wannan hormone.
Tasirin insulin a kan hanyoyin tafiyar jini
Hanyoyin aikin insulin akan jiki ya bambanta da irin tsarin aikin metabolism. Wato, menene tasiri wannan hormone a kan metabolism na glucose.
Idan matakin insulin cikin jini bai isa ba, to glucose din ba zai iya shiga cikin sel tsoka ba. A wannan yanayin, jiki yana karɓar dukkan makamashi ne kawai daga hadawan abu da iskar shaƙa.
A cikin ɗaukar manyan matakan, sel membranes na iya sake zama mai cikawa zuwa glucose ko da haɗarin insulin a cikin jini yayi ƙasa sosai.
Insulin yana taka rawa sosai a tafiyar matakai. Mai karɓar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ne wanda insulin ke aiki wanda ke da muhimmiyar aiki a cikin glucose homeostasis.
Idan homeostasis ba daidai ba, yana da ƙari tare da haɓakar cututtukan cututtukan cuta, ciki har da cutar kansa da ciwon sukari. Bugu da kari, kuna buƙatar ba da kulawa ta musamman ga hanta. Wannan jikin yana adana glucose a jiki.
Ana iya fitar da glucose daga sel hanta lokacin da bukata ta farko ta taso. Insulin yana aiki da abubuwan da ake kira glycolysis enzymes (phosphofructinase, hexokinase da pyruvate kinase). Ba tare da su ba, tsarin rarraba glucose ba zai yuwu ba.
Abubuwan sunadaran da aka samo tare da abinci suna karye cikin mahimman amino acid, wanda daga jikinsu suke haɓaka sauran abubuwa. Hanya na yau da kullun na wannan tsari zai yuwu ne kawai tare da halartar insulin. Wannan kwayar halittar tana samar da mafi yawan acid din.
Insulin kuma yana haɓaka ƙimar ƙwayar DNA, wanda ke ƙarfafa samuwar RNA. Don haka, insulin yana tasiri ga tsarin furotin a jikin mutum.
Insulin yana aiki sosai a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, musamman a matakin lipogenesis, wato, tarin ƙwayoyin mai.
Enzyme na lipogenesis na iya zama mai aiki kawai tare da halartar insulin. Idan wannan hormone ba ya nan, to babu yadda za ayi a sami metabolism na al'ada.
Hanyar aikin insulin
Cellswayoyin ƙwayar insulin sune abubuwan aiwatar da aikin hormone. Insulin yana ba da gudummawa ga adanawa da tarawa na mai da glucose, waɗanda ke aiki azaman tushen samar da makamashi, a cikin sel. Hormone yana da tasiri mai kyau akan tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin kyallen takarda, yana inganta haɓakar sel.
Hankalin shine babban sashin jiki wanda insulin ke shiga. A cikin wannan sashin jiki, ana inganta wadatar da glucose, wanda ya qunshi tarin shi a cikin nau'in glycogen. A cikin hanta, kashi tamanin cikin dari na insulin, wanda kwayar dan adam ke amfani da ita, tana amfani dashi. Ragowar insulin din ya shiga cikin jini, sannan kuma ya shiga cikin kodan.
Kamar yadda ka sani, mai shine mafi kyawun hanyar don adana makamashi a jikin mutum. Halittar sa daga glucose shima yana motsa insulin. Suna ƙirƙirar wani yanki mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. A matsakaici, a cikin jikin ɗan adam yana yin nauyin kilogram 70 akwai kusan kilogram 13 na mai. Mafi yawan wannan mai yana cikin nama mai kauri.
Insulin yana rage yawan yawan kitse na kitse a cikin jini, kuma yana inganta tarin triglycerides a cikin kwayoyin mai.
Insulin yana yin aikin ta ta mai karɓar furotin. Wannan mai karɓar hadaddun sunadarai ne na ƙwayoyin sel, wanda aka kirkira shi daga ƙaramin gida biyu (a da b). Kowane ɗayansu an kafa su ta hanyar sarƙoƙi na polypeptide guda biyu.
Babban takamaiman insulin ya danganta ga un-subunit na mai karba, yana canza sifofin sa yayin da aka haxa da kwayoyin. Don haka, aikin tyrosine kinase yana faruwa a cikin sashin sub, wannan yana ƙarfafa halayen branched ta kunna enzyme.
Dukkanin nazarin halittu na sakamakon tasirin hulɗar insulin da mai karɓa har yanzu ba a bayyane ba, amma an san cewa bayyanar tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki, watau diacylglycerols da inositol triphosphate. Babban sakamako shine kunnawa na enzyme kinase C mai gina jiki tare da tasirin phosphorylating. Wannan yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin metabolism a cikin sel.
Hanyar sakamako na metabolism
Insulin yana kara canza yanayin glucose zuwa triglycerides. Idan akwai karancin insulin, to kuwa akasin haka ya taso - tattara kayan kiba.
Tasirin maganin anticatabolic na hormone shine cewa insulin yana hana protein hydrolysis, shine, rage lalatawar furotin. Hakanan akwai raguwa a cikin lipolysis - rage yawan ci mai mai yawa a cikin jini.
An bayyana cewa mafi karancin maganin insulin shine raka'a 100. Wasu suna rayuwa har bayan raka'a 3000. Idan akwai yuwuwar haɗuwa da mummunar zubar da jini, kuna buƙatar kiran ƙungiyar motar asibiti.
Insulin yana da tasirin waɗannan:
- haɓaka sha na glucose da sauran abubuwa ta sel,
- kunna enzymes key glycolysis,
- yana ƙaruwa da haɗarin haɗin glycogen,
- raguwa a cikin gluconeogenesis tsanani: samuwar glucose a cikin hanta daga abubuwa daban-daban yana raguwa.
An bayyana tasirin maganin anabolic a cikin:
- increasedarin shan sha daga sel na amino acid (valine da leucine),
- haɓaka ƙaddamar da potassium, phosphate da ion magnesium a cikin tantanin halitta,
- da inganta kwayar halittar DNA da sinadarin gina jiki,
- haɓaka aikin mai da mai da mayukan da suka biyo baya.
Zai iya ɗaukar awoyi da yawa na rashin lafiya, don haka ko da insulin na mutuwa ba zai haifar da mutuwa ba. Koyaya, har yanzu kuna buƙatar sanin irin kulawar gaggawa da yakamata ta kasance ga masu ciwon sukari.
Dokokin insulin
Jadawalin gudanarwa na miyagun ƙwayoyi da kashi mafi dacewa shine yakamata a tsayar da shi ta hanyar ƙwararren halayen likita, yin la'akari da duk halayen mutum mai ciwon sukari Hakanan yakamata ayi la'akari da yanayin cutar da halin lafiyar ta yanzu.
Farashin insulin kusan 600-700 rubles ne. Ya kamata a yi amfani da wannan magani ta musamman a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita.
Hanyoyin aiwatar da aikin insulin na hormone sun bayyana ga likitancin zamani. Don lura da mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari, ana amfani da magunguna waɗanda suka dace da wani rarrabuwa.
An bambanta nau'ikan insulin:
- Fast aiki insulin. Tasirin irin wannan abun yana bayyana ne tsakanin mintuna 5 bayan gudanarwa. Matsakaicin sakamakon yana cikin awa daya. Ayyukan wannan insulin da sauri yana haɗuwa da shi. Ana ci
- Short insulin. Wani mutum yana jin aikin hormone a cikin rabin sa'a. Dole ne a gudanar da insulin kafin abinci,
- Insulin na matsakaici na tsawon lokaci. Ya kamata a yi amfani da wannan nau'in magani tare da insulin gajere ko zaɓi mai sauri. Don haka, za a sami sakamako na dindindin,
- Insulin aiki mai tsawo. An gabatar dashi da safe kuma yana aiki a duk rana. Ana iya amfani dashi a hade tare da yin aiki da sauri ko insulin aiki na gajere.
Yanzu, mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari suna da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don amfani da insulin. Ana iya allurar hormone ta hanyar sirinji tare da allurai na bakin ciki. Ta wannan hanyar, za a iya yin allura mai sauri da jin zafi. Ana shigar da irin wannan allura a cikin nama mai narkewa ko cikin waɗannan sassan jikin:
- karkashin fata
- a ciki
- gindi
- kafadu
- kwatangwalo.
Tare tare da insulin, suna iya siyar da alkalami mai sikirin, wanda aka sanye yake da sikelin sashi. A yawancin lokuta, wannan na'urar tana da katun ginannun kayan ciki.
Hakanan za'a iya allurar hormone ta hanyar allura, amma ana yin allura ta amfani da jijiyoyin, ba fiston ba. Irin wannan na'urar ta dace don amfani ga yara waɗanda dole ne su gudanar da tsarin kulawa da kansu.
Motar tana sa ya yiwu a yi allurar insulin a kai a kai. Yawanci, ana amfani da na'urar don ciki. Bayan takaddama mai mahimmanci na lokaci, famfo zai kai tsaye insulin cikin jiki ta cikin bututu. Motar famfo sanannen na'ura ce wacce ke kawar da buƙatar allura.
Amma wannan hanyar har yanzu tana haifar da wasu rashin jin daɗi. Sabili da haka, yawancin masana kimiyya suna aiki don gano hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa na sarrafa insulin. A baya, akwai aiwatar da yaduwar gabatarwar wannan kwayar ta hanyar numfashi, amma wannan bai yi nasara ba.
A halin yanzu, an haramta sayar da irin wannan na'urorin. Ayyuka suna gudana don ƙirƙirar sprays na musamman da filastik na musamman waɗanda zasu ba da damar gudanar da aikin insulin na hormone ta hanyar bakin ciki. Koyaya, irin waɗannan na'urori ba su samuwa don amfani ta ko'ina.
Domin insulin yin aiki da dogon lokaci a cikin jini cikin kankanin lokaci, dole ne a saka shi cikin ciki. Wani ɓangaren mutane ya fi son bayar da allura a cikin kafada. Hakanan sau da yawa, mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari suna yin insulin a cikin gindinsu da cinyoyinsu. Ya kamata a tuna cewa dole ne a gudanar da maganin a hankali a cikin waɗannan yankuna.
Fahimtar hanyoyin aikin insulin na kwayoyin, ana buƙatar saka allurar kai a kai a cikin hanyar jiki. Amma don hana baƙin ciki da bayyane mai gani, wani lokaci ya zama dole canza wani sashi na jiki wanda zai shiga insulin. Mafi sau da yawa, wurare don injections m a cikin da'irar.
Lokacin amfani da insulin, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a kula da matakan sukari na jini. Wannan dalilin yana tasiri:
- abinci da lokacin cin abinci,
- ayyukan wasanni na mai haƙuri,
- fuskantar ingantaccen tunani ko mara kyau,
- fasali na lura da wasu cututtuka.
Abubuwan da suke da alaƙa suna iya shafar cutar a cikin mutane daban-daban ko a matakai daban-daban na rayuwar mutum. Kowace rana, yakamata mutum ya auna sukari jini sau da yawa don sarrafa cikakken halin da ake ciki da yanayin jiki.
Don bincika matakin glucose, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar jini daga yatsanka. Dangane da irin wannan saka idanu, an yanke wasu yanke shawara. Daga nawa ne sukari ke cikin jini, ana yin lissafin makirci don gudanarda insulin din.
Dole ne a tuna cewa nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 yawanci yakan kasance tsawon rayuwa.
Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar ku kula da yanayin lafiyar ku da ƙwayar kumburi, wanda ke samar da insulin.
Nasihu masu mahimmanci
Marasa lafiya tare da masu ciwon sukari yakamata su sarrafa yawan abinci, kazalika da adadin wasannin motsa jiki da kuma shan ruwa mai tsabta. Mutane masu dogaro da insulin yakamata su saka idanu sosai akan salon rayuwarsu.
Irin waɗannan marasa lafiya suna buƙatar yin allurar insulin a hankali. Ya dogara da lokacin rana da kuma wasu dalilai da yawa. Dole ne a maye gurbin insulin ɗin homon ɗin a koyaushe ta wanda ba zai iya haɗuwa da kansa ba gwargwado daidai da ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan adam.
Wannan magani na canzawa a hankali yana inganta yanayin mutum kuma yana taimaka masa ya sami cikakkiyar rayuwa.
Kwanan nan, mafi mashahuri sune zaɓuɓɓuka sababbi. Alƙalin sirinji wata madaidaiciyar inji ce wacce ta dace koda yara ƙanana waɗanda dole ne suyi insulin inshin kansu.
Bugun ya rage buƙatar kulawar insulin tare da allura, wannan ya dace da yawancin marasa lafiya. Dole ne a tuna cewa duk magunguna da likitan halartar ya kamata a lura dasu.
Ba da shawarar ya keta tsarin kulawa ba, saboda wannan yana haifar da mummunan sakamako wanda zai iya yin barazana ga rayuwar mutum. Akwai haɗari don wuce sashi, saboda wannan yana haifar da mutuwa.
Ya kamata kuyi amfani da ƙwayoyi masu inganci kawai waɗanda zasu sami mafi ƙarancin halayen masu illa. Kafin ka sayi kuɗi, kuna buƙatar bincika menene insulin. Farashi ba koyaushe yake nuna ainihin halin da ake ciki ba.
Wajibi ne a yi amfani da samfuran kawai masana'antun masu martaba tare da suna mai kyau. Kafin ka sayi insulin don tsawaita amfani, zaka iya karanta sake duba mutane da ƙwararrun likitoci.
Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin yayi magana game da rawar da insulin na hormone a kan dukkan ayyukan jiki.
