A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, take hakkin metabolism na carbohydrates da ruwaye yana faruwa a jikin mutum. Sakamakon wannan tsarin ilimin cuta, an lura da matsaloli a cikin aikin farji, kuma daidai wannan sashin jiki shine yake amsa samarda insulin. Idan matsaloli suka fara da samar da hodar, jikin mutum ya rasa ikon aiwatar da sukari yadda yakamata ya zama glucose.
Sakamakon haka, sukari ya tattara a cikin jini, ana keɓance shi da yawa tare da fitsari. A lokaci guda, akwai cin zarafin ruwa na ruwa, kyallen takarda sun rasa ikon riƙe ruwa, ana cire shi ta hanta. Lokacin da matakin glucose na mutum ya yi girma sama da na al'ada, wannan zai zama babban alama ta farkon ciwon sukari.
Wannan cutar na iya zama a cikin haihuwa ko kuma a samo shi. Sakamakon ciwon sukari da karancin insulin, mai haƙuri yana haɓaka cututtuka na kodan, zuciya, tsarin juyayi, jijiyoyin bugun jini, ƙonewar fata, da ƙwayar idanu na saurin lalacewa.
Cutar Ciwon Mara
Bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari ana nuna shi ta hanyar hankali, cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin tsari mai sauri tare da saurin karuwa a cikin glycemia.
Tare da farawar ciwon sukari, marasa lafiya suna fuskantar matsalolin kiwon lafiya masu zuwa:
- bushe bakin
- m ƙishirwa;
- karuwar fitowar fitsari;
- haɓaka mai sauri ko raguwa cikin nauyi, kitse na jiki;
- bushewa da itching da fata.
Kusan sau da yawa, mai ciwon sukari yakan haɓaka yanayin tsinkaye zuwa matakan cututtukan cututtukan fata akan kyallen takarda mai laushi, fata, rauni na tsoka, da haɓaka. Babban matsala ga mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari shine rashin ingantacciyar warkar da duk raunuka.
Abubuwan da aka ambata a baya sun zama alama ta farko na cin zarafin samar da insulin, ya kamata su zama wani lokaci don ziyartar likita mai halartar, don yin gwajin jini don sukari don gano ƙwanƙwasa jini.
Yayinda cutar ta ci gaba, sauran alamu na iya bayyana wanda ke nuna farkon rikice-rikice. A cikin lokuta mawuyacin hali, rikice-rikicen rayuwa, maye mai yawa, da gazawar sassan jiki da yawa suna faruwa.
Babban bayyanannun hanyar rikitarwa na ciwon sukari na mellitus na farko da na biyu zai kasance:
- matsalolin hangen nesa;
- rage ji na kafafu, musamman fata akan kafafu;
- ciwon zuciya, haɓaka hanta;
- ƙagewar ƙafa;
- ci gaba da karuwa a hawan jini (duka biyu na ciki da na systolic).
Tare da rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari a cikin mara lafiya, rikicewa, kumburi kafafu, da fuska an lura da su.
Don hana irin wannan take hakkin, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da farkon gano musabbabin ciwon sukari.
Hanyar ganewar asali
A mafi karancin tuhuma game da cutar sankara, ya zama dole a tabbatar da bayyanar cututtukan da ake zargin ko kuma a karyata shi. Don waɗannan dalilai, an bada shawarar aiwatar da hanyoyi da kayan aiki da yawa.
Da farko dai, likita zai ba da izinin gwajin jini don tattarawar glucose a ciki (ƙaddarar azumin glycemia). Abu na gaba, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar gwajin haƙuri na glucose, ya ƙunshi ƙirƙirar rabo daga azumin glycemia da sa'o'i 2 bayan shan adadin glucose.
Gwajin jini don yawan hawan glycated da gwajin jini na kwayoyin halittu yana taimakawa wajen tantance matsayin tashin hankali a cikin ayyukan gabobin ciki wanda ya shafi asalin cututtukan mellitus.
Gwajin jini na azumi don maganin gemoclobin da haɓakar glucose ana kiransa nunawa na ciwon suga.
Gwajin bayanin gwaji na glycemic yana taimakawa gano ciwon sukari, wanda ake gwada glycemia sau da yawa a jere na sa'o'i 24. Hakanan wajibi ne don yin wannan don tantance inganci da tasiri na jiyya a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari mellitus.
Shan gwajin fitsari gabaɗaya ya zama dole don gano:
- glucosuria (matakin glucose);
- farin farin sel;
- proteinuria (furotin).
Ana nuna gwajin fitsari don kasancewar acetone idan akwai tuhuma game da karuwa a cikin taro na jikin ketone a cikin jini (ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari).
Bayan haka, nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta na jini, asusu, insulin jini, da kuma gwajin Reberg ya zama tilas.
Nazarin ciwon sukari, kamar sauran gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje, zai zama abin dogaro gwargwadon ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin tunanin hanyoyin bincike. Wadannan misalai a cikin bincike na glucose na azumi suna da matukar canji, amma ana ganin shine dalla-dalla 50%, hankali na 95%. A lokaci guda, ana yin la’akari da cewa za a iya rage azanci idan ƙwaƙwalwar mutum ta cika shekaru 65 da haihuwa.
An kammala bincike tare da dopplerography duban dan tayi, capillaroscopy, rheovasography of the jiragen of the kafafu, duban dan tayi na kodan, zuciya da gabobin ciki.
Kowane mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari dole ne ya nemi shawara tare da likitoci:
- endocrinologist;
- likitan zuciya;
- likita mai fiɗa;
- neuropathologist;
- likitan mahaifa.
Aiwatar da dukkan hadadden hanyoyin bincike na taimaka wajan fahimtar tsananin zafin cutar, domin sanin dabarun magani.
Wasu lokuta akwai alamun da za a gudanar da waɗannan karatun sau da yawa don ganin tasirin cutar.
Sakamakon mai yiwuwa da rikitarwa
Nau'in 1 ko nau'in ciwon sukari 2 kadai ba zai iya yin barazana ga rayuwar mai haƙuri ba, amma rikice-rikice da sakamakonsa suna da haɗari matuƙa. A cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, mai haƙuri yana haɗarin haɗarin haɗuwa da cutar sankarar mahaifa, alamarinta mai barazanar zai zama rikicewa, ƙuntatawa mai yawa. Irin waɗannan marasa lafiya a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ya kamata a kai su asibiti.
Yawancin coma mai cutar sukari shine ketoacidotic, wanda ya haifar da tarin abubuwa masu guba waɗanda ke da mummunan tasiri akan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin mutum. Babban alamar da ke ba da tabbacin ganowa cikin hanzari na yanayin barazanar shine ƙoshin acetone daga ƙwayar bakin mutum yayin numfashi. Bayyanar cututtuka suna taimakawa wanda ake zargi mai fama da ciwon sukari:
- jiki yana rufe da gumi mai sanyi;
- saurin lalacewa ta fuskar lafiya.
Sauran nau'ikan coma suna da matukar wuya.
Sauran rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari ya kamata su nuna edema, zasu iya zama na gida ko kuma suna da yanayin tartsatsi. Zurfin kumburi kai tsaye ya dogara da kasancewar bugun zuciya da gazawar koda. A zahiri, wannan alamar alama ce ta cutar sankarau, mafi yawan bayyanar da ita, mafi tsananin kumburi.
Lokacin da edema tayi asymmetrical, tana rufe ƙafa ɗaya kawai, likita yana magana game da microangiopathy na ciwon sukari na ƙananan ƙarshen, wanda ke tallafawa neuropathy.
Gano lokaci na ciwon sukari shima yana da mahimmanci don hana haɓaka ko haɓaka cikin hawan jini. Manuniya na systolic da diastolic pressure suma sun zama rarrabuwa don gano tsananin matsalar karancin insulin. Tare da ciwan nephropathy na ciwon sukari mai ci gaba, lokacin da kodan ya shafa, za a lura da karuwa a cikin matsin lamba na systolic.
Idan akwai raguwar hauhawar jini a cikin tasoshin ƙafafun kafafu, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar Dopplerography, za a gano mai haƙuri da ciwon angiopathy na ƙarshen ƙarshen. Raunin kafa na iya nuna alamar ciwon kai da na jijiya. Don microangiopathy, zafi yana halayyar tare da:
- tafiya
- duk wani aiki na zahiri.
Abubuwan da ba su dace ba suna sa mai ciwon sukari tsayawa sau da yawa, shakata don rage ƙarfin su. Amma jin zafi a kafafu, wanda yakan faru da daddare, zai zama alama ta cutar sankarau. Sau da yawa, bayyanar cututtuka suna zama lambobi, kazalika da raguwa cikin ƙwarewar fata. Wasu marasa lafiya suna da abin mamaki na ƙonewa na gida a cikin wuri ɗaya kawai na ƙafa, ƙananan kafa.
Idan babu magani don ciwon sukari, ciwon angiopathy yana ci gaba, akwai haɗarin haɗari na farkon lalacewa ga ƙanana da manyan jijiyoyi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan hanyar ilimin ta fara ne kawai a kan yatsun kafa daya. Sakamakon rashin kwararar jini, mai ciwon suga yana jin ciwo mai zafi, jan launi da ƙonawa. Kamar yadda cuta daga cikin m tasowa:
- zama sanyi, cyanotic, kumbura;
- kumfa suna bayyana tare da abubuwan da ke cikin turbid, aibobi masu duhu (necrosis).
Irin waɗannan canje-canjen baza'a iya musantawa ba, yana yiwuwa a ceci ƙafa da abin ya shafa kawai ta hanyar yanki. Yana da matukar kyau a sanya shi ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu, tunda tiyata a ƙafa ba zai kawo sakamako mai yawa ba, likitoci sun ba da shawarar yankewa zuwa matakin ƙafar ƙafa. Bayan tiyata, akwai damar da za a dawo da tafiya cikin godiya ga ƙoshin hakora masu inganci.
Yin rigakafin kamuwa da cutar sankara shine farkon yiwuwar gano cutar, dacewa da kuma isasshen magani. Nasarar ilimin likita ya dogara da tsayayyen aiwatar da rubutattun likitoci, abinci na musamman. Na dabam, dole ne a ƙayyade wajabcin kulawa da fata na yau da kullun na ƙafafu, wannan zai taimaka wajen kawar da lalacewa, kuma idan sun faru, nemi taimakon likita nan da nan. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai taimaka maka gane ciwon sukari.
