Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 2: sanadin, magani da alamu

Ciwon sukari na 2 wani cuta ne sananne wanda ke faruwa akan asalin cutar narkewar cututtukan ƙwayoyi. Saboda canje-canje na jijiyoyin jiki a cikin jiki, ana lura da yanayin hyperglycemic (sukarin jini).

A cikin mafi yawan lokuta, ana samun cutar ta hanyar mutane a cikin shekaru sama da 40, kuma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, ana nuna shi da hoton asibiti wanda ba a bayyana shi ba. Mutum na iya shakkar dogon lokaci cewa ya kamu da cuta ta rashin lafiya.

A cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus na nau'in na biyu, ƙwayar ƙwayar kumburi a kullun, ana samar da insulin na hormone, amma aiwatarwa na shiga cikin sukari zuwa matakin salula an hana shi, tunda ƙirar mai laushi ta jiki ta rasa haɗarin su zuwa hormone.

Wajibi ne a yi la’akari da abubuwanda ke haifar da nau’in cutar sankarau ta biyu, da kuma gano alamun da ke nuna cutar. Kuma don gano yadda ake kula da ciwon sukari na 2?

Etiology na abin da ya faru

Kamar yadda kuka sani, akwai nau'ikan cututtukan guda biyu - T1DM da T2DM, waɗanda suka fi yawa a cikin aikin likita. Akwai takamaiman nau'in cutar sankara, amma ana gano su a cikin mutane sau da yawa sau da yawa.

Idan nau'in cutar ta farko ta fara ci gaba cikin sauri, nau'in na biyu yana ci gaba a hankali a cikin mutum, sakamakon abin da mutum baya lura da canji mara kyau a jikinsa na dogon lokaci.

Daga wannan bayanin ya zama dole don yanke shawara cewa bayan shekaru 40, ana buƙatar saka idanu sosai akan yawan glucose a cikin jiki don samun damar sanin nau'in cuta ta biyu a farkon matakin haɓaka.

A yanzu, ba a san ainihin musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cututtukan fata ba. Koyaya, abubuwanda zasu iya haɗuwa da farkon cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan suna da haske:

• Halittar ƙwayoyin jini zuwa cutar. Yiwuwar watsa cutar “ta gado” daga 10% (idan mahaifi ɗaya ba shi da lafiya) zuwa 50% (idan ciwon sukari yana cikin ƙwayar iyayen biyu).
• Wuce kima. Idan mai haƙuri yana da ƙwayar tso adi nama mai yawa, to, a kan asalin wannan yanayin, yana da raguwa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar mai taushi zuwa insulin, wanda hakan yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cutar.
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Babban mahimmancin carbohydrates yana ƙara haɗarin haɓakar cutar sankara.
• Damuwa da tashin hankali.
• Wasu magunguna, saboda cutarwarsu mai guba, na iya haifar da rashin lafiyar cuta a cikin jiki, wanda ke kara haɗarin haɓakar cutar sukari.

Abubuwan da za su iya haifar da cututtuka na rashin lafiya sun hada da salon rayuwa mai kauri. Wannan hujja tana jagorantar ba wai kawai don wuce haddi mai yawa ba, amma har ila yau yana cutar da yawan taro a cikin jiki.

Wakilai na jima'i na adalci, wanda aka gano kwai na polycystic, suna cikin haɗari. Hakanan kuma wadancan matan da suka haifi yaro wanda nauyinsu ya wuce kilo 4.

Nau'in cuta na 2: alamu da matakai

Nau'in na biyu na ciwon suga ana nuna shi da yawaitar glucose a jiki, wanda hakan ke tsokanar faruwar cutar osmotic diuresis. A wasu kalmomin, yawancin ruwa da salma ana cire su daga jiki ta hanjin kodan.

A sakamakon haka, jikin mutum yayi saurin asarar danshi, ana lura da rashin ruwa a jiki, rashi na abubuwan ma'adinai a ciki an bayyana shi - wannan shine potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, phosphate. Bayan asalin wannan hanyar aikin, kyallen takarda na rasa wani bangare na aikinsu kuma basa iya sarrafa sukari gaba daya.

T2DM yana haɓaka a hankali. A cikin mafi yawan lokuta, akwai latent hanya na pathology, wanda aka bayyana kwatsam lokacin da ziyartar ophthalmologist ko lokacin da ake gudanar da bincike na rigakafi a cikin likita likita.

Hoton asibiti na cutar kamar haka:

1. Asedara yawan shan ruwa lokacin da mai haƙuri yake jin ƙishi koyaushe (mutum na iya shan ruwa har zuwa 10 a kowace rana).
2. Bakin bushewa.
3. Yawan shafawa zuwa sau 20 a rana.
4. Apparin ci, bushe fata.
5. M cututtuka da yawa.
6. Rashin lafiyar bacci, rage karfin aiki.
7. Ciwon mara.
8. Rashin gani.

A cikin mata bayan shekaru arba'in, cutar tana yawanci ana gano ta ta hanyar likitan fata ko ƙwararren mahaifa, tunda cutar tana tattare da itching fata da sauran matsalolin fata, da kuma itching a cikin farji.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus yana haɓaka a hankali, kuma mafi yawan lokuta tsakanin abin da ya faru da ganowa akwai wani lokaci na shekaru 2. A wannan batun, lokacin da aka gano shi, marasa lafiya sun riga sun sami rikitarwa.

Ya danganta da tsarin samuwar, ana iya raba nau'ikan na biyu zuwa wasu matakai:

• Yanayin man shafawa. Babu alamun lalacewa a cikin yanayin haƙuri, gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje suna tsakanin iyakoki na al'ada.
• A latent nau'i na Pathology. Mummunan bayyanar cututtuka ba su nan, gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma ƙila ba za su iya nuna rashin tabbas ba. Koyaya, ana gano canje-canje a cikin jiki ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen da ke ƙayyade haƙuri na glucose.
• A bayyane nau'i na cutar. A wannan yanayin, hoton asibiti yana nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka da yawa. Kuma ana iya gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ta hanyar gwaje gwaje.

Baya ga matakai, a aikace na aikin likita, nau'in cuta 2 ya kasu kashi biyu, wanda ya kayyade matakin tsananin yanayin mutum. Uku ne kawai daga cikinsu. Yana da m, matsakaici da mai tsanani.

Tare da digiri mai sauƙi, taro na sukari a jikin mai haƙuri bai wuce raka'a 10 ba; cikin fitsari, ba a lura dashi. Marasa lafiya ba ya koka game da ƙarancin lafiya, babu ɓacewa a cikin jiki.

Tare da matsakaicin digiri na sukari a cikin jiki ya wuce alamomi na raka'a 10, yayin gwaje-gwaje suna nuna kasancewar sa a cikin fitsari. Mai haƙuri yana gunaguni na rashin kulawa da rauni koyaushe, tafiye-tafiye akai-akai zuwa bayan gida, bushewar baki. Kazalika da hali na purulent fata raunuka.

A cikin mummunan yanayi, akwai canji mara kyau na duk tafiyar matakai na jikin mutum. Sugar a cikin jiki da fitsari yana tafiya da sikelin, ana bayyanar cututtuka, ana lura da alamun rikice-rikice na jijiyoyin jini da yanayin jijiyoyin jini.

Yiwuwar samun wadatar coma mai ciwon sukari yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.

Matakan bincike

Yawancin mutane suna neman taimako na likita ba tare da alamun cutar ba, amma tare da mummunan sakamakonsa. Tunda likitancin baya iya nuna faruwar sa na dogon lokaci.

Idan ana tsammanin nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari, likita ya tsara matakan bincike waɗanda ke taimakawa tabbatar ko musunta cutar, ƙayyade matakin da tsananin.

Matsalar gano cutar ita ce ba ta bayyanuwa da manyan alamu. A lokaci guda, alamun cutar na iya bayyana lokaci-lokaci. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa karatun dakin gwaje-gwaje suna da matukar mahimmanci wajen tantance masu ciwon sukari.

Don gano ilimin, likita ya tsara waɗannan karatun:

1. Samun yatsan jini (gwajin sukari). Wannan bincike yana ba ku damar gano yawan glucose a jikin mai haƙuri a kan komai a ciki. Mai nuna alama har zuwa raka'a 5.5 shine al'ada. Idan akwai keta haƙurin haƙuri, to, yana iya ɗan ƙara haɓaka ko ragewa. Idan sakamakon ya fi raka'a 6.1, an tsara yin binciken haƙuri.
2. Nazarin haƙuri haƙuri. Wannan gwajin ya zama dole don gano matsayin rashin lafiyar carbohydrate metabolism a jikin mai haƙuri. Adadin hormone da sukari ana ƙaddara shi a kan komai a ciki, haka kuma bayan cinye glucose, wanda aka narke a cikin ruwa mai tsafta (75 bushe glucose a cikin 250 ml na ruwa).
3. Tattaunawa don hawan jini. Ta hanyar wannan binciken, zaku iya tantance matsayin rashin lafiyar. Babban adadin yana nuna cewa mai haƙuri yana da ƙarancin ƙarfe ko nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Idan mai nuna alama ya fi 7%, ana gano cutar sankara.

Wajibi ne a ƙaddamar da gwajin fitsari don kasancewar jikin ketone da glucose a ciki. Lafiyayyen mutum kada ya sami sukari a cikin fitsari.

Measuresarin matakan bincike sun haɗa da bincika fata da ƙananan raunin mai haƙuri, ziyarar likitan likitan ido, ECG.

Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na 2: jiyya

Ana ba da magani ga nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a farkon matakai ta hanyar da ba magani ba. A sauran matakan, masana ilimin likita suna ba da shawarar maganin ƙwayar cuta, wanda na iya haɗawa da shan magungunan don rage sukarin jini.

Idan mai haƙuri yana da cuta na matsakaici ko matsakaici, to, hanyoyin warkewa sun ƙunshi nunin abinci na lafiya, motsa jiki, motsa jiki. Aikin likita ya nuna cewa ya isa a kashe rabin sa'a a kowace rana akan nauyin wasanni don lura da ingantaccen kuzari a cikin yaƙar cutar.

Cikakken abinci mai gina jiki shine tushen nasarar nasara. Koyaya, wannan baya nufin cewa mai haƙuri yakamata ya watsar da duk kayan abinci, ci gaba da tsayayyen abincin kuma cikin hanzarin cire fam.

Rage nauyi ya kamata ya faru a hankali, kuma mafi girman asarar nauyi a cikin kwana bakwai - bai wuce gram 500 ba. Abincin abinci da menus koyaushe suna haɓaka daban-daban don kowane takamaiman yanayin asibiti.

Babban ka'idodin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin T2DM:

• Abincin da aka yarda kawai wanda ba ya haifar da karuwa a cikin sukari a jikin mai haƙuri ya halatta a ci.
• Kuna buƙatar cin abinci sau da yawa (sau 5-7 a rana), kuma a cikin ƙananan rabo, bisa ga jadawalin da aka tsara a baya.
• Usearyata ko iyakance amfani da barasa, gishiri.
• Idan mai haƙuri ya kasance kiba, to, ana bada shawarar rage cin abincin da ba ya wuce adadin kuzari 1800 kowace rana.
• Abincin yakamata ya ƙunshi yawancin adadin abubuwan bitamin, abubuwan haɗin ma'adinai da fiber.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, lokacin da aka gano nau'in ciwon sukari na biyu, likita koyaushe yana farawa tare da motsa jiki tare da aiki mai kyau da abinci mai dacewa. Idan ba a lura da warkewar cutarwa na waɗannan matakan ba, ya zama kawai don magani ne.

Don lura da cutar sankara, magunguna waɗanda ke cikin rukunoni masu zuwa na iya ba da shawarar:

1. Abubuwan da suka samo asali na sulfonylureas. Wadannan kwayoyi suna kara samar da kwayar halitta a cikin jiki da kuma rage karsashin garkuwar jiki zuwa insulin.
2. Biguanides. Wannan rukunin magungunan yana rage samar da sukari a cikin hanta, yana rage shanshi a cikin hanji, kuma yana kara ji da jijiyoyin kashin jikin aikin.
3. Abubuwan da ke tattare da Thiazolidinone suna ba da gudummawa ga karuwar ayyukan masu karɓar ƙwaƙwalwar hormone, a sakamakon yawan haɗuwar glucose a cikin jikin mutum.
4. Alfa glucosidase inhibitors yana ba da cin zarafin shaye-shayen carbohydrates a cikin narkewa, sakamakon abin da ke rage yawan sukari.

Magungunan ƙwayar cuta koyaushe yana farawa ta hanyar amfani da magani ɗaya, wanda dole ne a sha sau ɗaya a rana. Idan cutar ta kasance a cikin mummunan mataki, an lura da rashin ingancin irin wannan magani, likita zai iya haɗa magunguna.

Bi da bi, idan haɗuwa da magunguna da yawa ba su taimaka ba, ana iya haɓaka su da ilimin insulin. Ana iya faɗi cewa injections na hormone wasu abubuwa ne na daban da ke motsa ƙwayar hanji, wanda idan ya yi aiki cikakke, yakan ƙayyade adadin glucose, ya ɓoye adadin da ake buƙata na hormone.

Ya kamata a lura cewa shawarar likitan ba matakin wucin gadi bane don daidaita sukari na jini, rayuwa ce da zata ci gaba da kasancewa akai.

Rikicewar cutar

Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 wanda baya haifar da barazanar kai tsaye ga rayuwar mai haƙuri, sabanin yiwuwar rikice-rikicen da aka gano a cikin marasa lafiya a cikin 98% na duk hotunan asibiti.

Sannu a hankali ci gaba da cutar, sannu a hankali tana lalata aikin dukkan gabobin ciki da tsarin jikin mutum, wanda hakan ke haifar da matsaloli daban-daban na lokaci.

A cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da nau'in ciwon sukari na biyu, da alama yiwuwar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan zuciya yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa. A wannan yanayin, ana gano ɓarkewar cikewar jini a cikin jikin mutum, hauhawar jini yana bayyana, ƙananan ƙarshen yana rasa hankalinsu.

A nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari, rikice rikice masu zuwa mara kyau na iya haɓaka:

• Maganin ciwon sukari na microbetiopathy, saboda wanda ya shafi ganuwar jijiyoyin ƙananan jijiyoyin jini. Macroangiopathy yana haifar da shan kashi na manyan jijiyoyin jini.
• Polyneuropathy rikicewa ne game da aiki na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.
• Arthropathy, haifar da ciwo mai haɗuwa mai zafi. A tsawon lokaci, akwai keta tsarin musculoskeletal.
• Tashin hankalin gani: kama ido, ci gaban glaucoma.
• Rashin wahala.
• Canje-canje a cikin psyche, rashin ƙarfi na yanayin motsin rai.

Idan an sami rikice-rikice, ana ba da shawarar maganin ƙwayar cuta na nan da nan, wanda likitancin endocrinologist ya tsara tare da likita na ƙwararrun likitanci (ophthalmologist, cardiologist da sauransu).

Yin rigakafin cutar sankara

Likitoci na iya hango hasashen ci gaban cutar tun kafin ta bulla. Saboda “lokacin gargadi”, wani keɓantaccen lokaci ya bayyana da za'ayi matakan kariya.

Idan an riga an gano cutar ta nau'in na biyu, to ana iya tsammanin rikodin cutar a cikin shekaru 10 ko kuma kadan daga baya. A wannan batun, ana bada shawarar yin rigakafin sakandare.

Dangane da bincike-bincike da yawa waɗanda aka keɓe don matakan kariya, an sami wasu ƙarshe:

1. Idan kun jagoranci salon rayuwa mai aiki, kunna wasanni da motsawa mai yawa, to waɗannan matakan na iya jinkirta ci gaban cutar.
2. Idan kun haɗu da ingantaccen aiki na jiki a cikin ciwon sukari da abinci mai dacewa, zaku iya jinkirta ba kawai abubuwan da suka faru ba, har ma da rikitarwarsa.
3. Don rage yiwuwar rikice-rikice, ya zama dole a ko da yaushe saka idanu kan yawan kwantar da hankali a cikin jiki, kazalika da karfin jini.

Ya kamata a tuna cewa a yanzu, "cuta mai dadi" tana matsayi na uku a cikin abubuwanda ke haifar da mutuwa. Saboda haka, ga kowane alamun cutar, ana bada shawara kada a yi watsi da su, suna tsammanin halin zai daidaita da kansa.

Bugu da kari, ba kwa buƙatar yin ƙoƙarin shawo kan matsalar da kanka ta amfani da "hanyoyin hanyoyin kaka" ko kuma madadin magani, saboda irin wannan kuskuren da ba a gafartawa na iya jefa rayuwar ku. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin ya tattauna batun rayuwa tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.