Kididdiga ta ce kusan mutane miliyan 150 a duniya ke fama da ciwon sukari. Abin ba in ciki, yawan masu haƙuri suna ƙaruwa koyaushe. Abin mamaki, ciwon sukari shine ɗayan tsofaffin cututtukan, duk da haka, mutane sun koya don gano asali da kuma magance shi kawai a farkon karni na ƙarshe.
Kuna iya jin sau da yawa cewa ciwon sukari mummunan abu ne, yana lalata rayuwa. Lallai, wannan cutar tana tilastawa mara lafiyar ya canza salon rayuwarsa, amma ya kasance kan takardar likita da shan magunguna, masu ciwon sukari basu da wata matsala ta musamman.
Shin ciwon sukari mellitus yana yaduwa? A'a, abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar ya kamata a nemo su a cikin rikice-rikice na rayuwa, mafi yawan duka a wannan yanayin, canjin metabolism ya canza. Mai haƙuri zai ji wannan tsari tare da ɗimbin ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin yawan sukarin jini. Wannan yanayin ana kiranta hyperglycemia.
Babban matsalar ita ce gurbata mu'amala da insulin na hormone tare da kashin jikin mutum, insulin ne wanda ya wajaba don kiyaye sukarin jini tsakanin iyakoki na yau da kullun. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gudanarwar glucose a cikin dukkanin sel jikin mutum a matsayin madadin makamashi. Idan akwai kasawa a cikin tsarin hulda, sukari jini ya tara, ciwon sukari ya haɓaka.
Sanadin ciwon sukari
Ciwon sukari guda biyu yana da nau'ikan guda biyu: na farko da na biyu. Haka kuma, wadannan cututtukan guda biyu suna da bambanci gaba daya, kodayake a karo na farko da na biyu, abubuwan da ke haifar da matsananciyar motsa jiki a jikin dan adam suna hade da yawan sukari mai yawa a cikin jini.
A cikin aiki na yau da kullun na jiki bayan cin abinci, glucose yana shiga cikin sel saboda aikin insulin. Lokacin da mutum ya kamu da ciwon sukari, ba ya samar da insulin ko ƙwayoyin ba su amsa ba, glucose ba ya shiga sel, hyperglycemia yana ƙaruwa, kuma an lura da tsarin lalata mai.
Idan ba tare da kula da cutar ba, mai haƙuri na iya faɗuwa cikin rashin lafiya, sauran sakamako masu haɗari suna faruwa, an lalata tasoshin jini, gazawar renal, infarction na myocardial, karuwar makanta. Tare da haɓakar ciwon sukari mai ciwon sukari, ƙafafun haƙuri suna wahala, ba da daɗewa ba farawa, magani wanda zai iya zama tiyata na musamman.
Tare da nau'in cutar ta farko, samar da insulin yana raguwa gaba ɗaya ko tsayawa gaba ɗaya, babban dalilin shine ƙaddarar jini. Amsar tambayar shin yana yiwuwa a kamu da cutar siga daga dangi mai kusa zai zama mara kyau. Ciwon sukari za'a iya gada shi ne kawai:
- idan iyaye suna da ciwon sukari, yaro yana da babban haɗarin hyperglycemia;
- lokacin da dangi na nesa ba su da lafiya, yuwuwar cutar za ta yi ƙasa kaɗan.
Haka kuma, cutar kanta ba a gaji ba, amma tsinkayar shi ne. Ciwon sukari zai ci gaba idan mutum ya shafi sauran abubuwan. Waɗannan sun haɗa da cututtukan hoto, hoto, da tiyata. Misali, tare da kamuwa da cututtukan hoto, kwayoyin cuta suna bayyana a jiki, suna lalata insulin sosai, suna haifar da take hakkin samar da shi.
Koyaya, ba duk abin da yake da kyau ba, har ma da rashin gado na magada, mai haƙuri bazai san menene ciwon sukari ba ga rayuwarsa baki ɗaya. Wannan mai yiwuwa ne idan ya jagoranci salon rayuwa mai aiki, likita ya lura dashi, ya ci yadda yakamata kuma bashi da halaye marasa kyau. A matsayinka na mai mulki, likitoci sun gano nau'in ciwon sukari na farko a cikin yara da matasa.
Abin lura ne cewa gado na ciwon sukari mellitus:
- Kashi 5 cikin dari ya dogara ne akan layin uwa da kashi 10 akan layin uba;
- idan iyayen biyu suna rashin lafiya tare da ciwon sukari, haɗarin wucewa da shi yarinyar yana ƙaruwa nan da nan 70%.
Lokacin da aka gano wata nau'in cuta ta biyu, hankalin jikin mutum ga insulin ya ragu, mai, wanda yake samar da sinadarin adiponectin, yana kara karfin mai karba, shine a zargi. Ya nuna cewa hormone da glucose suna tare, amma sel ba za su iya karbar glucose ba.
Saboda wuce haddi na sukari a cikin jini, yawan kiba yana tafiya, canji yakan faru a gabobin ciki, mutum ya rasa ganinsa, jiragensa sun lalace.
Yin rigakafin ciwon sukari
Ko da tare da yanayin gado, ba gaskiya bane a kamu da ciwon sukari idan an dauki matakan kariya masu sauki.
Abu na farko da yakamata ayi shine ayi sarrafa glycemic system. Wannan abu ne mai sauƙin aiwatarwa, ya isa ku sayi glucometer šaukuwa, misali, glucometer a hannunka, allura a ciki baya haifar da rashin jin daɗi yayin aikin. Ana iya ɗaukar na'urar tare da kai, ana amfani dashi idan ya cancanta. Ana ɗaukar jini don yatsa daga yatsa a hannu.
Baya ga alamomin glycemic, kuna buƙatar sarrafa nauyin ku, lokacin da karin fam ya bayyana ba gaira ba dalili, yana da mahimmanci kada a kashe har sai ziyarar ta ƙarshe zuwa likita.
Wata shawara kuma ita ce bayar da hankali ga abinci mai gina jiki; akwai karancin abinci da ke haifar da kiba. An nuna abinci a cinye shi a cikin karamin rabo sau 5-6 a rana, lokaci na ƙarshe da suke cin abinci 3 sa'o'i kafin barcin dare.
Dokokin abinci mai gina jiki sune kamar haka:
- hadaddun carbohydrates yakamata suci a cikin abincin yau da kullun, zasu taimaka rage jinkirin shigar sukari cikin jini;
- ya kamata abincin ya daidaita, kada ya haifar da kayan wuce kima akan farji;
- Kada ku cutar da abinci mai daɗi.
Idan kuna da matsalolin sukari, zaku iya gano abincin da ke haɓaka glycemia ta hanyar ma'aunin glucose na jini na yau da kullun.
Idan da wahala kuyi bincike da kanku, zaku iya tambayar wani kuma game da hakan.
Cutar Ciwon Ciwon
Alamomin asibiti na cutar yawanci ana samun su ta hanyar haɓaka a hankali, mellitus na ciwon sukari tare da haɓakar haɓakar hauhawar jini da wuya bayyana kanta.
A farkon cutar, mara lafiya yana da bushewa a cikin kogon baki, yana fama da jin ƙishirwa, ba zai iya gamsar da ita ba. Sha’awar sha tana da ƙarfi sosai har mutum ya sha ruwa da ruwa a kowace rana. A wannan yanayin, yana ƙaruwa diuresis - ƙarar da aka rarraba da jimlar fitsari a bayyane yake ƙaruwa.
Bugu da kari, alamu masu nauyi sukan canza, duka sama da kasa. Mai haƙuri ya damu da rashin bushewar fata, ƙaiƙayi mai-yawa, da haɓaka halayen cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu taushi. Babu ƙasa da sau da yawa, mai ciwon sukari yana fama da zufa, rauni na tsoka, warkarwa mai rauni.
Bayyanar bayyanannun sune farkon kiran da aka yi wa cutar, ya kamata su zama wani lokaci don gwada sukari nan da nan. Yayin da yanayin ya tsananta, alamun rikice-rikice ya bayyana, suna shafan kusan dukkanin gabobin ciki. A musamman lokuta mai tsanani, akwai:
- yanayin barazanar rayuwa;
- tsananin maye;
- tarin gazawar kwayar halitta.
Ana nuna rikice-rikice ta hangen nesa, aikin tafiya, ciwon kai, raunin jijiyoyin jiki, ƙarancin ƙafafu, raguwar jijiyoyin jiki, ci gaban aiki mai hauhawar jini (diastolic and systolic), kumburi kafa, fuska. Wasu masu ciwon sukari suna wahala daga gajimare, ana jin ƙamshin acetone daga bakin ciki. (Cikakkun bayanai a cikin labarin - ƙanshi na acetone a cikin ciwon sukari)
Idan rikitarwa ya faru yayin magani, wannan yana nuna ci gaban ciwon sukari ko rashin isasshen magani.
Hanyar ganewar asali
Binciko ya shafi tantance nau'in cutar, tantance yanayin jikin mutum, kafa wasu matsalolin rashin lafiyar. Don farawa, ya kamata ku ba da gudummawar jini don sukari, sakamakon daga 3.3 zuwa 5.5 mmol / L ana ɗauka al'ada ne, idan an wuce waɗannan iyakokin, muna magana ne game da rikicewar metabolism. Don fayyace ganewar asali, ana aiwatar da ma'aunin azumi a cikin wasu lokuta da yawa yayin sati.
Hanyar bincike mafi mahimmanci shine gwajin haƙuri na glucose, wanda ke nuna rashin raguwar yanayin metabolism. Ana yin gwaji da safe bayan sa'o'i 14 na azumi. Kafin bincike, ya zama dole don ware ayyukan motsa jiki, shan sigari, barasa, kwayoyi waɗanda ke haɓaka sukarin jini.
Hakanan ana nuna shi don wuce fitsari zuwa glucose, yawanci bai kamata ya kasance a ciki ba. Sau da yawa, ciwon sukari yana rikitarwa ta acetonuria, lokacin da jikin ketone ya tara a cikin fitsari.
Don gano rikicewar cututtukan hyperglycemia, don yin hasashen abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gaba, ƙarin nazarin ya kamata a gudanar da shi: jarrabar ƙungiyar, kumburin ƙwayar cuta, da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta. Idan ka dauki wadannan matakan da wuri-wuri, mutum zai kamu da cutar tare da kwanciyar hankali ba sau da yawa. Bidiyo a wannan labarin zai nuna abin da ke haifar da nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.
