Kowane mai ciwon sukari ya ji game da kamfanin Danish na kamfanin Novonordisk, wanda aka sadaukar da wannan labarin. Tabbas, wannan kamfanin samar da magunguna yana samar da gwangwani na penfill, maganin sirinji don injections insulin da ƙari mai yawa.
A karo na farko, kamfanin ya kirkiro shirye-shiryen insulin dabbobi a cikin 1923, godiya ga wanda yawancin masu ciwon sukari ke da damar samun ceto. Agusta Krot - daraktan kimiyya na kamfanin har ma ya sami kyautar Nobel don irin wannan ganowa. A cikin shekarar, an sake samar da wani magani mai saurin maganin, wanda ake kira Actrapid.
A nan gaba, Novo Nordisk ya ba da insulin masu ciwon sukari na tsaka tsaki tare da matsakaicin lokacin aiki, wanda ya zama samfurin Protofan. A cikin 1946, an kirkiro Isofaninsulin, a cikin 1951 an sake samar da magunguna masu rage yawan sukari, kuma a cikin 1953 wani nau'in insulin na asali ya bayyana - Zinksuspension.
Bayan haka, kamfanin harhada magunguna ya fara samar da tsaka-tsakin magunguna masu hade da dogon zango wadanda ke dauke da amorphous da insulins na crystalline. A cikin shekaru 40-70, kwayoyin halitta masu lalatattu ba tare da kazanta ba sun bayyana. Tuni a cikin 1981, Novo Nordisk ya zama kamfani na farko a duniya da ya karɓi insulin na mutum. Ana samar da wannan magani ta hanyar hadaddun tsari na ilimin halittu na furotin yisti.
Tun cikin 1980s, masana magunguna na Danish suna magance matsalar kulawa da maganin homon kuma sun haɓaka ƙididdigar magunguna na musamman waɗanda ke ba da izinin ƙoshin lafiya tare da taimakawa masu ciwon sukari a cikin kowane yanayi.
Amma wannene Novo Nordisk insulins sun fi fice a tsakanin masu ciwon sukari a yau kuma menene fa'idodi da rashin amfani?
Binciken insulin na Novo Nordisk
Da farko, yakamata a cire maganin Levemir (Detemir). Wannan shine analogue na insulin, wanda yake da tsari na musamman na tsawaita aiki (har zuwa rana). Baya ga bayanin lebur, yana da karamin canji na aiki kuma yana samar da sauyi mai ma'ana mai zurfi na karuwa a cikin masu ciwon sukari.
Har ila yau, Levemir yana ba da izini don ƙarin daidaitaccen iko na sukari na jini idan aka kwatanta da NPH-insulin-dogara da insulin. Abin lura ne cewa daga gaba ɗayan rukunin insulins wannan ƙwayar cuta tana haifar da ƙarancin haɗarin haɓakar hyperglycemia da hypoglycemia.
NovoRapid, ko kuma ana kiranta insulin Aspart, alamu ne na hormone na mutum wanda ke da saurin tasiri. Bayan gudanarwa, tasirin yana faruwa ne bayan mintuna 10 zuwa 20, kuma mafi girman tasirin yana faruwa bayan sa'o'i 1-3 sannan zai kasance tsawon awanni 3-5.
NovoMix 30 shine analogue na matakai guda biyu-insulin insalin kashi biyu. Yana da tasiri mai sauri kuma wanda ake iya faɗi da kuma halayyar cire halayyar ƙwayar halittar jiki. Sakamakon tasiri na tsawon lokaci, ana ba da tsarin insulin basal mai santsi.
Daga cikin insulin din da aka kerar da su shine:
- Protafan NM;
- Mikstard 30 NM;
- Nakamaka NM
Nazarin yawancin masu ciwon sukari suna zuwa gaskiyar cewa Isofan insulin ya fara aiki 1,5 hours bayan allura. Matsakaicin taro yana faruwa ne a cikin awanni 4-12, kuma tsawon lokacin sakamako shine awanni 24.
Mikstard 30 NM wani yanki ne na kwayoyin halittar mutum na dura daban-daban na aiwatarwa (gajeru, tsawo). Wannan magani yana cikin abubuwan haɗin 70% Isofan da hormone na 30% mai narkewa. Tunda an shirya cakuda a cikin masana'anta, wannan yana sauƙaƙe gabatarwarsa kuma yana ba ku damar lura da ainihin sashi.
Actrapid NM wani mai aiki ne mai narkewa cikin jikin mutum. Bayan allura, sakamakon yana faruwa ne bayan mintina 30, yana isa ga kololuwan bayan minti 60-120 kuma ya daina wanzuwa bayan sa'o'i 8.
Kudin maganin antidiabetic sun bambanta:
- Levemir - daga 363 zuwa 1784 rubles .;
- NovoRapid - daga 920 zuwa 3336 rubles .;
- NovoMix 30 - daga 1609 zuwa 2030 rubles .;
- Protafan NM - daga 400 zuwa 1770 rubles .;
- Mikstard 30 NM - daga 660 zuwa 1,500 rubles .;
- Actrapid NM - daga 400 zuwa 1000 rubles.
Umarnin don yin amfani da kwayoyi
An samo insulin Novo Nordisk daga cututtukan aladu ko KRG. Sanannen abu ne cewa insulin alade, idan aka kwatanta da bovine, yana tsokani samuwar kwayoyin a cikin mutane, saboda ya bambanta da kwayoyin halittar mutum a cikin kwayar daya ta amino acid.
Tsarkakewa, magungunan sun kasu kashi biyu na al'ada da na moncoponentent. Haka kuma, tsarkakan na karshen sun kusan toshewar kwayar halittar dake jikin kwayar.
Novo Nordisk yana ba da masu ciwon sukari cikin sauki da kwayoyi masu saurin motsa jiki da magunguna waɗanda ke da tasiri na tsawan lokaci. Wadannan kwayoyi suna dauke da sinadarin zinc, protamine, da buffer wanda ke canza saurin tashin farko na tasirin cutar, tsawon lokacin matsakaiciya da tasirin gaba daya.
Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na insulin suna gudanar da insulin suna da tasirin hypoglycemic akan ɗaukar jini a cikin jini da kuma nasarar da aka samu na ƙirar makasudi, watau tsokoki, hanta da ƙwayoyin mai.
Regulation na glucose homeostasis yana faruwa a cikin hanta. Bayan haka, insulin ya shiga cikin jijiyoyin, inda 50% na miyagun ƙwayoyi ke cirewa, sauran kuma sun shiga cikin wurare dabam dabam.
Baya ga nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen Novo Nordisk a irin waɗannan halaye:
- matakin farko na hanta cirrhosis;
- schizophrenia
- hepatitis na kullum;
- babban ci;
- matsalolin zuciya;
- furunlera;
- amai a lokacin daukar ciki;
- thyrotoxicosis;
- dwarfism.
Zaɓin nau'in da sashi na insulin an ƙaddara shi da tsananin, nau'in kuma cutar, kazalika da farawa da tsawon lokacin sakamako na hypoglycemic. Kashi na farko da koyaushe an saita shi a cikin tsararren yanayi. Idan yanayin mai haƙuri al'ada ne, to, a cikin yanayin cutar farko da aka gano, wanda ba a tare da ketoacidosis tare da sukari wanda ya kai 8.88 mmol / l, ana lissafin sashi kamar haka: raka'a 0.25 ta 1 kilogiram na nauyi.
Bayan allurar farko, ana gudanar da bincike na sarrafa iko lokacin da aka sami mafi girman magunguna. Bayan haka, da tsananin ƙarfin tasirin, an ƙaddara waɗannan allurai.
Game da yawan abin sama da ya kamata, ana saka mai haƙuri da glucose ko glucagon.
Yakamata ya dakatar da insulin zinc din kafin a yi amfani dashi, sannan a saka a sirinji sannan a hankali a shafa cikin jijiya ko a karkashin fata.
Side effects da contraindications na insulin far
Sakamakon sakamako na yau da kullun shine hypoglycemia. Wannan yanayin an nuna shi ta hanyar palpitations, yunwa, dizzness, malaise, rawar jiki, sweating, bugu da harshe da lebe.
Atrophic ko lipodystrophy na hyperrophic na iya haɓaka a cikin aikin gudanarwa. Secondary ko na farko insulin insulin na iya bayyana. Wasu marasa lafiya suna da alamomi na gaba ɗaya ko na gida da cutar sikari.
Contraindications don yin amfani da shirye-shiryen Novo Nordisk sune rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da suka shafi magunguna da cututtukan jini. Yakamata a kula da masu cutar siga tare da gazawar jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma rashin isasshen magani musamman ta fannin ilimin insulin.
Hakanan ana iya tallata kwayoyin Novo Nordisk cikin wasu halaye:
- Bai kamata a yi amfani da insulin na tsawan lokaci ba yayin haihuwa da kuma aiki;
- coma;
- cututtuka;
- mai ciwon sukari mai ciwon sukari;
- yanayin precomatous.
Yadda yake aiki da kuma dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar insulin shine taken bidiyon a wannan labarin.
