Hyperglycemia wani yanayi ne wanda matakan glucose a cikin jini na jini ya wuce darajar al'ada. Domin kada ku sami matsalolin kiwon lafiya, me yasa sukarin jini ya kasance mai haɗari, kuna buƙatar sani.
Ana amfani da mutumin zamani don cin abinci mai wadataccen mai-sukari kowace rana, fiye da yadda jiki yake buƙata.
Tsayayyar wucewa ta matakin halatta yana da haɗari saboda rushewar aiki na gabobin yau da kullun, wanda zai haifar da mummunan cututtuka a nan gaba, misali, ciwon sukari I ko II.
Metabolism din glucose din a jiki
Don fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar, wajibi ne a tsara abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin jikin mutum. Ana samar da glucose daga sukari da mutane ke ci. Carbohydrates an rushe shi a cikin kananan kwayoyin halitta ta enzymes na narkewa. A ƙarshe, ana ƙirƙirar glucose a cikin hanji, wanda aka rarraba a cikin jiki ta hanyar jini.
Abu ne mai wahala a kimanta kimar ta - “sukari jini” ne ke samarda makamashi don aiki na yau da kullun, sel da gabobin jikinsu. Bayan kowace abinci, akwai karuwa a cikin sukari na jini. Amma wannan yanayin koyaushe ne gajere kuma da sauri zai dawo al'ada.
Koyaya, wani yanayin zai yiwu. Idan ana lura da irin wannan jujjuyawar a cikin matakan sukari akai-akai kuma ci gaba na dogon lokaci, canje-canje na cututtukan cuta za su fara faruwa a jiki.
Don rushewar glucose, ana buƙatar insulin hormone, wanda aka samar a cikin ƙwayar hanji. Mafi girman matakin sukari na jini, ana buƙatar karin insulin, mafi girman nauyin akan fitsari. Sakamakon haka, ya lalace kuma ba zai iya samar da insulin a cikin wadataccen adadi da inganci ba. Saboda wannan, nau'in I na ciwon sukari ke haɓaka.
Hanyar ci gaba na nau'in cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata wanda aka fi sani (nau'in II) ya bambanta.
A wannan yanayin, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta ɓoye insulin a cikin wadataccen adadin, amma saboda dalilai daban-daban, hankalin ƙwayoyin beta zuwa gare shi yana da ƙasa sosai.
Dalilan Matakan Matsayi
Bincike ya samar da cikakkun dalilai na haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka.
Abubuwan da ke bayyane sanadiyyar cututtukan hyperglycemia (sukari jini) haɓaka biyu ne kawai - lalata farji, yanayin rayuwa mara kyau.
Factorsaya daga cikin abubuwan haɗari na yau da kullun don haɓaka cutar shine yawan adadin soda mai dadi, abinci mai sauri, da abin da ake kira "carbohydrates" mai sauƙi.
Bugu da kari, dalilan ci gaban cutar sune:
- damuwa yana iya haifar da matakan sukari. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa aikin damuwa na kwayoyin halittu shine kishiyar insulin, don haka aikin sa an toshe shi;
- rashin bitamin;
- rashin motsa jiki;
- matsanancin nauyi;
- canji mai kauri a jikin mutum;
- yin allurar insulin a cikin kuskure gwargwado
- tsufa;
- dabi'ar gado;
- shan wasu rukuni na kwayoyi a kan hanyar hormonal.
Amma a wasu yanayi, ana iya ɗaukar matakan sukari a matsayin al'ada. Misali, kai tsaye bayan abinci, idan glucose ya shiga cikin jini. Sau da yawa, hyperglycemia yana faruwa bayan wasanni. Mai raɗaɗi mai yawa, ƙonewa, har ma da wasu yanayi masu raɗaɗi (santi, angina pectoris, infarction na zuciya) na iya ƙara yawan sukari kaɗan. Amma yawanci wannan tasiri gajere ne.
Game da yara, ana lura da haɓakar sukari na jini, da farko, a cikin yanayi inda yawancin lokuta akan shayar da yara, musamman maɗaɗɗo. Hyperglycemia yawanci shine sakamakon kamuwa da cuta, magunguna na tsawan lokaci, da ƙananan rigakafi. A cikin yara ƙanana, yawanci sukari yakan tashi tare da farkon kayan abinci, lokacin da aka gabatar da abinci na hatsi da kayan kiwo a cikin abincin.
Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa hauhawar jini ya ƙaddara da ƙaddara. Sabili da haka, idan akwai mutane masu ciwon sukari a cikin iyali, to wannan cutar kuma zata iya faruwa a cikin yara.
A lokaci guda, tagwaye yawanci "tare" suna wahala daga bayyanar cututtukan hyperglycemia.
Menene haɗarin hauhawar jini?
Sanin abubuwan da ke haifar da hauhawar jini, yana da sauƙi mutum ya faɗi abin da ke cutarwa a cikin sukari na jini da abin da ke haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Da farko dai, idan hauhawar jini ta dawo sau da yawa, akwai babban haɗari cewa cutar za ta fara ci gaba.
Da farko dai, aikin wasu gabobin, gami da cutar koda, na iya shafawa. Kuma wannan, bi da bi, shine haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari.
Matakan sukari na jini na 17 ko 18 mmol / L ko fiye da hakan suna da haɗari. Mafi girman matakin sukari, mafi girman yiwuwar mummunan sakamako. An riga an dauki wannan alamar mai mahimmanci rikitarwa. Tare da haɓakar taro na glucose zuwa wannan matakin, mummunan yanayi kamar suma, ketoacidosis, da aikin zuciya masu rauni.
Tare da haɓaka mai yawa a cikin sukari, akwai haɗarin coma - yanayin da ke da matukar haɗari ga rayuwa.
Abinda aka fi amfani da shi na cocin ketoacitodic, wanda abun da ke ciki na jikin ketone a cikin jini ya tashi sosai. Sakamakon raguwar matakin insulin na hormone, glucose baya rushewa, bi da bi, isasshen adadin kuzari baya shiga cikin sel. Don samar da ƙarancin ƙarancin, ana sarrafa sunadaran da kitsen su, kuma abubuwan lalacewarsu suna da lahani a cikin kwakwalwa.
Hypersmolar coma zai yiwu ne kawai idan matakin sukari ya isa iyakatacce na 50 mmol / l, wanda yake da wuya. Wannan yanayin yana haifar da asarar ruwa mai guba cikin jiki. Sakamakon haka, jini ya yi kauri, aikin gabobin jiki da tsarin juyayi yana rushewa.
Lactic acid demiotic coma yana faruwa a cikin matakan glucose mafi girma, kuma saboda haka ya zama ƙasa da ruwan dare fiye da hypersmolar. Yana faruwa saboda ƙaruwa mai girma a cikin abun da ke lactic acid a cikin jini da kyallen takarda. Tunda acid na lactic mai guba ne, tare da karuwa sosai a cikin maida hankali, ƙarancin sani, paresis ko lalatawar jijiyoyin jiki na iya haɓaka.
A ƙarshe, ƙara yawan sukari mai cutarwa ne saboda yana "taimaka" ci gaban sel kansar. Kamar ƙoshin lafiya, ƙwayoyin da abin ya shafa suma suna buƙatar makamashi. Babban matakan sukari yana motsa samar da IGF da insulin, wanda ke inganta tasirin glucose.
Sabili da haka, takaddun musanya mai narkewa tare da abun sukari mai yawa yana haɓakawa da sauri kuma yana shafar masu lafiya.
Kimiyyar Al'ada
Gwanin jini yana daya daga cikin alamun lafiyar mutum. Don sanin ko akwai alamun rikice-rikice, wajibi ne a gudanar da cikakken bincike, gami da ɗaukar gwaje-gwaje. Don haka babban gwajin jini yana ɗaukar sukari daga yatsa kuma daga jijiya. A ranar aikin, haramun ne a ci abinci da abin sha. Idan za ta yiwu, yana da kyau a guji ƙoƙari na jiki, damuwa, saboda suna iya shafan sakamakon ƙarshe.
Matsakaicin matakin sukari daidai yake ga mata da maza, amma ya sha bamban da ɗan kaɗan dangane da inda aka ɗauke jinin daga:
- Daga yatsa - daga 3.3 zuwa 5.5 mmol / lita.
- Daga jijiya - 4-6 mmol / lita.
Sauran manuniya kuma ana iya ɗaukarsu al'ada ne, tunda abubuwan da ke cikin sukari suna canzawa a cikin yini. Don haka, idan an dauki jini don bincike bayan cin abinci, to adadi zai zama al'ada 7.8 mmol / L.
Mai nuna alamar 5.5 mmol / l yana nuna cewa sukari daidai ne kuma babu buƙatar damuwa. Amma idan mai nuna alama ya fi girma - har zuwa 6.5 mmol / l, haƙurin glucose mai ƙarfi yana tasowa. Tare da wannan yanayin jikin, ciwon sukari bai inganta ba, kodayake akwai barazanar kai tsaye ga lafiyar. A wannan yanayin, an riga an buƙaci ɗaukar matakai don hana ci gaban cutar.
Mai nuna alama na 6.5 ko fiye ya riga ya nuna cewa tare da babban yiwuwar cutar sankara mellitus ya riga ya haɓaka.
Hakanan, ƙarami a cikin matakan sukari a lokacin daukar ciki ana daukar shi al'ada. A wannan lokacin, metabolism yana canzawa sosai don samar wa yaro abincin da ya kamata da ci gaban rayuwa. Saboda haka, 3.8-5.8 mmol / L cikakkiyar alama ce ta al'ada. Anarin yawan glucose har zuwa 6.0 mmol / l tuni ya nuna cewa ya kamata a ƙara kulawa sosai ga lafiyar.
Waɗanda ke shirin yin gwaji tare da yara ya kamata su duba matakan sukarinsu kuma wannan shine kyakkyawan rigakafin kamuwa da cutar siga a cikin yara da iyayensu. Ga yara, ragin al'ada yana ƙasa da na manya. Misali, a cikin yaro wanda bai kai shekara daya ba, matakin sukari yakamata ya zama bai wuce 2.2 mmol / L da sama da 4.4 mmol / L ba. A nan gaba, wannan alamar zata karu: daga shekara 1 zuwa shekaru 5, ana nuna alamar 3,3-5 mmol / l al'ada ce.
Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin yana ba da wasu shawarwari kan yadda za a rage sukarin jini.
