Ciwon sukari mellitus yana haɓaka tare da rashin insulin ko asarar mai ji da shi. Babban alamar ciwon sukari shine cutar hauka.
Hyperglycemia shine karuwa a cikin glucose na jini. Don dacewa, sau da yawa ana canza sunan zuwa kalmar "sukari jini." Don haka, sukari da sukari a cikin jini abu daya ne ko kuma babu wani bambanci a tsakanin su.
Daga yanayin nazarin halittu, sukari da glucose suna da bambance-bambance, tunda sukari a tsattsauran tsarin ba za'a iya amfani dashi da kuzari ba. Tare da ciwon sukari, jin daɗin rayuwa da kuma tsammanin rayuwa na marasa lafiya sun dogara da matakin glucose (sukari) a cikin jini.
Suga da sukari - rawa a cikin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma metabolism
Sugar, wanda aka samo a cikin rake, beets, maple sugar, itatuwan dabino, masara, ana kiranta sukari. Ruwan ciki a cikin hanji ya rushe zuwa glukos da fructose. Fructose yana shiga cikin sel da kansa, kuma don amfani da glucose, ƙwayoyin suna buƙatar insulin.
Nazarin zamani ya nuna cewa yawan wuce haddi na carbohydrates, wanda ya haɗa da glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, yana haifar da cututtukan metabolism mai tsanani:
- Atherosclerosis
- Ciwon sukari mellitus, tare da rikitarwa a cikin nau'i na lalacewar tsarin mai juyayi, jijiyoyin jini, kodan, asarar hangen nesa da coma mai barazanar rayuwa.
- Cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin zuciya, infarction na zuciya na zuciya.
- Hawan jini.
- Hadarin Cerebrovascular, bugun jini.
- Kiba
- Yawan hanta.
Musamman dacewa shine shawarwarin akan ƙuntataccen ƙuntatawa na sukari don tsofaffi waɗanda ke fama da kiba da hauhawar jini. Carbohydrates da aka samo daga hatsi da ba a tantance su ba, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kayan marmari da kayan ƙwari ba su kawo irin wannan haɗarin ga jiki, tunda sitaci da fructose a cikinsu ba sa haifar da hauhawar sukari.
Bugu da kari, zare da pectin da ke cikin kayan halitta suna kokarin cire kwayar cholesterol da glucose daga jiki. Sabili da haka, jiki yana kula da inda za'a samo adadin kuzari daga. Abubuwan da ke motsa jiki a cikin ruwa sun fi yawa.
Glucose na gabobin shine mai samar da makamashi wanda ake samarwa a sel yayin iskar shaka.
Tushen glucose shine sitaci da guzuri daga abinci, kazalika da shagunan glycogen a cikin hanta, yana iya samarda jikin mutum daga lactate da amino acid.
Guban jini
Carbohydrate metabolism a cikin jiki, kuma daga nan ya zama matakin glucose, irin waɗannan kwayoyin sunadarai.
- Insulin - wanda aka kirkira a cikin ƙwayoyin beta na pancreas. Lowers glucose.
- Glucagon - yana haɗuwa cikin sel alpha na pancreas. Gluara yawan glucose a cikin jini, yana haifar da rushewar glycogen a cikin hanta.
- Somatotropin an samar dashi a cikin gaban gado na ƙwayar pituitary, giya ce mai rikicewa - aikin gaba da insulin).
- Thyroxine da triiodothyronine - hormones na thyroid, suna haifar da samuwar glucose a cikin hanta, yana hana tarawa a cikin tsoka da hanta, ƙara yawan ƙwayar sel da kuma amfani da glucose.
- Cortisol da adrenaline ana samarwa a cikin cortical Layer na glandar adrenal a cikin martani ga yanayi mai damuwa ga jiki, yana kara matakan glucose na jini.
Don sanin sukarin jini, ana yin gwajin ciki ko mara nauyi a cikin jini. Irin wannan bincike an nuna shi: ga wanda ake zargi da kamuwa da cutar siga, rashin aiki na glandar thyroid, glandon gland, hanta da glandar adrenal.
Ana kulawa da glucose na jini (sukari) don kimanta magani tare da kwayar insulin ko rage sukari lokacin da alamu kamar su:
- Thirstara yawan ƙishirwa
- Kai harin yunwar, tare da ciwon kai, farin ciki, hannaye da rawar jiki.
- Asedara fitar fitsari.
- Weaknessarancin rauni.
- Rage nauyi ko kiba.
- Tare da nuna sha'awar kamuwa da cututtukan maimaitawa.
Ka'idojin jiki shine matakin a cikin mmol / l daga 4.1 zuwa 5.9 (kamar yadda aka tantance ta hanyar glucose hada karfi) ga maza da mata masu shekaru 14 zuwa 60. A cikin rukunin tsofaffi, mai nuna alama ya fi girma, don yara daga makonni 3 zuwa shekaru 14, matakin daga 3.3 zuwa 5.6 mmol / l an dauki shi a matsayin al'ada.
Idan darajar wannan alamar ta fi girma, wannan na iya zama alama ce ta ciwon sukari da fari. Don yin binciken daidai, kuna buƙatar gudanar da nazarin haemoglobin mai narkewa, gwajin haƙuri-glucose, ƙetare fitsari don sukari.
Baya ga ciwon sukari mellitus, a matsayin alamar sakandare, sukari mai tsayi na iya kasancewa tare da irin waɗannan cututtukan:
- Ciwan kansa da kuma cututtukan cututtukan hanji.
- Cututtuka na gabobin endocrine: pituitary, thyroid da adrenal gland.
- A lokacin tsananin bugun jini.
- Tare da infarction myocardial.
- Tare da cututtukan nephritis na kullum da hepatitis.
Sakamakon binciken na iya shafar ta: nauyin jiki da tunanin mutum, shan sigari, shan diuretics, hormones, beta-blockers, maganin kafeyin.
Wannan alamar yana raguwa tare da yawan yawan insulin da sauran kwayoyi don ciwon sukari, matsananciyar yunwa, guba tare da arsenic da barasa, yawan motsa jiki, da ɗaukar steroids anabolic. Hypoglycemia (saukar da sukari jini) yana faruwa tare da cirrhosis, ciwon daji da rikicewar hormonal.
Matsayin glucose a cikin jini yayin daukar ciki na iya karuwa, kuma bayan haihuwa za a iya mayar da shi al'ada. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon raguwar hankalin insulin a ƙarƙashin rinjayar canjin yanayin hormonal. A yayin da yanayin ƙara girman sukari ya kasance mai ɗorewa, wannan yana ƙara haɗarin cutar guba, ɓarna, da cututtukan fata.
Idan kun auna glucose na jini sau daya, ba za a iya ɗaukar ƙarshen abin dogara ba koyaushe. Irin wannan binciken yana nuna yanayin halin jiki na yanzu kawai, wanda abincin zai iya shafar shi, damuwa da magani. Don kimanta metabolism metabolism, ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:
- Haƙuri na glucose (tare da motsa jiki).
- Abun cikin glycated haemoglobin.
Ana buƙatar gwajin haƙuri na glucose don gwada yadda jiki yake amsa ciwan glucose. Ana amfani dashi don gano ciwon sukari na latte, zargin masu ciwon sukari tare da glucose na jini na al'ada, kuma don gano ciwon sukari a cikin mata masu juna biyu, koda kuwa babu karuwa a cikin sukari na jini kafin daukar ciki.
An wajabta nazarin a cikin rashin cututtukan cututtuka, aiki mai kyau, magunguna waɗanda ke shafar matakan sukari ya kamata a soke su kwana uku kafin gwajin (kawai tare da yardar mai halartar likita). Wajibi ne a kiyaye tsarin shaye-shaye na yau da kullun, kar a canza abincin, an haramta barasa kowace rana. Abincin na ƙarshe shine shawarar 14 hours kafin bincike.
An nuna gwajin jini don sukari tare da kaya don marasa lafiya:
- Tare da bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerosis.
- Tare da ci gaba mai karfi a cikin karfin jini.
- Idan akwai mahimmancin nauyin jiki.
- Idan dangi na kusa suna da ciwon suga.
- Marasa lafiya tare da gout.
- Tare da hepatitis na kullum.
- Marasa lafiya tare da ciwo na rayuwa.
- Tare da neuropathy na asalin da ba a sani ba
- Marasa lafiya waɗanda ke ɗaukar estrogens, ƙwayoyin baren adrenal, da diuretics na dogon lokaci.
Idan mata yayin daukar ciki sun haihu, ba su haihuwa, jariri a lokacin haihuwa ya auna kilogiram fiye da 4.5 ko kuma an haife shi da ɓarna, to ya kamata a yi gwajin haƙuri a cikin glucose. An kuma tsara wannan bincike a yanayin rashin mutuwar ciki, ciwon suga na ciki, kwayar polycystic.
Don gwajin, an auna mai haƙuri matakin glucose kuma an ba shi azaman nauyin carbohydrate don sha 75 g na glucose wanda aka narkar da ruwa. Bayan haka, bayan awa daya da awa biyu, ana maimaita awo.
An kimanta sakamakon binciken kamar haka:
- A yadda aka saba, bayan awanni 2, glucose na jini (sukari) yakai kasa 7.8 mmol / L.
- Har zuwa 11.1 - cututtukan sukari na latent.
- Sama da 11.1 - ciwon sukari.
Wata tabbatacciyar alamar alamar cuta ita ce ƙuduri na matakin cutar haemoglobin.
Glycosylated haemoglobin yana bayyana a cikin jiki bayan hulɗa da glucose a cikin jini tare da haemoglobin da ke cikin sel jini. Yawancin glucose a cikin jini, shine mafi irin wannan haemoglobin. Kwayoyin jini (ƙwayoyin jini waɗanda ke da alhakin canja wurin oxygen) suna rayuwa kwanaki 120, don haka wannan bincike yana nuna matsakaicin matsakaicin glucose a cikin watanni 3 da suka gabata.
Irin wannan ganewar asali ba ya buƙatar shiri na musamman: ya kamata a gudanar da bincike a kan komai a ciki, a cikin satin da ya gabata bai kamata a sami ƙarin zubar jini da ɓataccen jini ba.
Tare da taimakon glycated haemoglobin bincike, zaɓi na daidai na adadin kwayoyi don marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari ana kulawa da su, yana taimakawa gano fatsi a cikin matakan sukari waɗanda ke da wahalar bibiya tare da ma'aunin sukari na al'ada na jini.
Ana auna hemoglobin a matsayin kashi na yawan adadin haemoglobin a cikin jini. Matsakaicin al'ada don wannan alamar yana daga kashi 4.5 zuwa 6.5.
Idan matakin ya haɓaka, to wannan alama alama ce ta rashin lafiya na ciwon sukari na ƙwaƙwalwa ko rashin ƙarfi ga carbohydrates. Babban darajar yana iya kasancewa tare da maganin splenectomy, rashi baƙin ƙarfe.
Glycated haemoglobin yana raguwa:
- tare da karancin glucose (hypoglycemia);
- zub da jini ko zubar jini, taro mai jini; glycated haemoglobin assay
- tare da anemia hemolytic.
Don lura da ciwon sukari mellitus ko raunin haƙuri ga carbohydrates, saka idanu da sukari na jini yana da mahimmanci, tunda lura da cutar, rabon ci gaban rikitarwa, har ma da rayuwar marasa lafiya sun dogara da shi.
An bayar da bayani game da gwajin sukarin jini a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
