Ga mutane da yawa, manufar "cholesterol" tana da alaƙa da alamu masu cutarwa, don haka ana kiranta "mai kisan kai mai hankali." Amma wannan ra'ayi ne mara kuskure. A zahiri, kayan yana da illa kawai, amma yana da amfani mai amfani, tunda yana da kyau da mara kyau.
Ana rarraba jimlar cholesterol cikin manya da ƙarancin cholesterol. Shine abu na biyu wanda yake da mummunan tasiri ga jiki idan maida hankali a cikin jini ya yawaita. A cikin duka tsarin LDL yana ɗaukar fiye da 70%.
Kwayar cuta mara kyau “tana daukar” cholesterol daga hanta mutum kuma ta bazu cikin dukkanin sassan jikin mutum. Idan kwayoyin halitta suka tattara kwayoyin halitta, saboda haka, suna iya zama a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini a cikin matakan ɓarkewar ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna sa bakin jirgi ya zama kunkuntar, sakamakon wanda atherosclerosis, bugun zuciya, da bugun jini yake tasowa.
Atherogenicity shine mallakar abubuwanda ke haifar da cutarwa na lipoproteins don tarawa a bangon ciki na jijiyoyin jini kuma suna samar da filayen atherosclerotic. Da yawan kwayoyin halittar mai da abubuwan gina jiki, shine girman girman plaque. Canjin cikin LDL shine cewa ba kawai aka samar da shi a cikin jikin mutum ba, har ma yana fitowa daga waje - tare da abinci.
Mai cutarwa da amfani cholesterol
Idan yawan ƙwayoyin cholesterol ya karu, shin mara kyau ne ko ba haka ba? Tabbas, duk rashin daidaituwa a jikin mutum babban haɗari ne ba kawai ga lafiyar ba har ma zuwa rayuwa. Lokacin da mummunan jini cholesterol ya tashi, yana gabatar da haɗarin haɗari na bugun zuciya, angina pectoris mai ci gaba, cututtukan zuciya da bugun jini.
Akasin mashahurin mashahuri, akwai kuma amfani mai amfani wanda ke taimakawa dukkan gabobin jiki da tsarin aiki. HDL ko cholesterol mai kyau suna taimakawa ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ke layi a cikin gabobin ciki da na waje; yana taimaka wajan karfafa karfin ta, wanda ke karewa daga tasirin dalilai marasa kyau.
Kyakkyawan cholesterol ya shiga cikin samar da kwayoyin halittar jima'i a cikin maza da mata, yana taimakawa wajen samar da bile acid, yana samar da kusanci tsakanin neurons a cikin jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da kashin baya.
An gano matsalolin kiwon lafiya a cikin waɗannan lambobin:
- Lokacin da jimlar cholesterol ta tashi, wanda cututtukan da ke tsokano shi (alal misali, ciwon sukari mellitus) da abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa - yawan shan barasa, shan sigari, nauyin jiki, ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da sauransu;
- Tare da dyslipidemia - cin zarafin rabo da kyau cholesterol.
An tabbatar da tasirin atherogenic na abu mai cutarwa a jiki. LDL yayin jigilar jini ta hanyar jini yana da ikon rasa wani ɓangaren kwayoyin. A gaban abubuwan cutarwa (cututtuka na rayuwa, cututtukan sukari, shan sigari, da sauransu), cholesterol na zaune a jikin bangon ciki na jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini, a sakamakon abin da ke tattare da tsarin ci gaban atherosclerosis yana farawa.
Cholesterol mai amfani ya bambanta da "aboki" mai cutarwa a cikin tsarin sa, yanki. Yana taimakawa wajen tsabtace ganuwar jijiyoyin jini daga filayen da aka kirkira, aika da mummunan bangaren zuwa hanta don aiki.
Yiwuwar atherosclerosis da rikice-rikice ya dogara da rashi mara kyau da cholesterol a cikin gwajin jini.
Yawancin cholesterol dangane da shekaru
Don haka, menene ƙazamar cholesterol a cikin jiki? Don sanin ƙimar, ya zama dole don ƙaddamar da gwaje-gwaje. Ana ba da shawarar binciken lafiya ga mutane masu lafiya a kowace shekara 3-4. Idan tarihin abubuwan haɗari shine ciwon sukari, hauhawar jini, matsaloli tare da tsarin zuciya, to aƙalla sau da yawa a shekara.
| Jimlar cholesterol | |
| Kasa da raka'a 5.2 | Kyakkyawan darajar |
| 5,2 zuwa 6.2 raka'a | Matsakaicin mai nuna izini |
| Daga 6.2 da sama | Babban darajar |
Akwai dangantaka tsakanin shekarun mutum da kuma maida hankali ga abu. Da mazan mutum ya zama, mafi girman abin yarda ne a gareshi. A'ida ga marasa lafiya masu shekaru 20 da kuma tsofaffi sun bambanta sosai.
| Cakuda mummunan cholesterol a jiki | |
| Har zuwa 1.8 mmol / l | Darajar ita ce mafi kyau duka ga mutanen da suke da hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. |
| Kasa da 2.6 mmol / l | Nimar al'ada don mutanen da ke cikin cututtukan tsarin zuciya. |
| 2.6-3.3 mmol / l | Matsakaicin al'ada |
| 3.4-4.1 mmol / l | Al'ada, amma tuni akwai hatsarin atherosclerosis |
| 4.1-4.9 mmol / l | An halatta a sami babban adadin |
| Daga 4.9 mmol / l | Abincin da ake buƙata, magani na ra'ayin mazan jiya |
Don haka, tebur ya nuna cewa dabi'un 2.5-2.8 sune al'ada, kamar yadda 4.7 mmol / l. Amma a farkon lamari, hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan haɓaka ya ragu, a zaɓi na biyu ana ba da shawarar don sake duba abincinku, tunda yiwuwar matsaloli tare da tsarin zuciya.
A wani takamaiman taro, jikin mutum yana buƙatar duk juzu'i na lipoproteins. A cikin matsakaicin matsakaici, an gabatar da matakin cutarwa da amfani cholesterol a cikin tebur:
| HDL (mmol / L) | LDL (mmol / L) | |
| Maza | 0.78-1.81 | 1.55-4.92 |
| Mata | 0.78-2.2 | 1.55-5.57 |
| A ciki | 0.8-2.0 | 1.83-6.09 |
| Yara daga 0 zuwa 14 years old | 0.78-1.68 | 1.5-3.89 |
Wani mahimmin al'amari shine idan akwai alamomi na yau da kullun, LDL da HDL, zaku iya lissafa yiwuwar bunkasa canje-canje atherosclerotic da rikitarwa na zuciya a cikin kowane yanayi na musamman. A cikin binciken da ake kira bayanin martaba na lipid, hadarin yana nunawa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar inherogenic.
An ƙaddara shi da dabara - duka yawan mai-kamar abu mai haɓaka mai girma mai yawa. Sakamakon adadin ya kasu kashi biyu cikin LDL. Fitowa shine rabo na abubuwa guda biyu. A al'ada, mai nuna alama bai wuce raka'a 3.5 ba.
Rashin raguwar ba a bayyana shi da mahimmancin asibiti, amma na iya nuna alamar ƙarancin ci gaban bugun zuciya ko bugun zuciya. Don ganganci kara sararin samaniya ba a buƙata. Lokacin da rabo ya fi raka'a 3.5, ana buƙatar cikakken bincike da magani na atherosclerosis.
A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, LDL galibi yana ƙaruwa, sabili da haka, an haɓaka bayanin martaba na lipid don masu ciwon sukari. An shawarci marasa lafiya suyi ƙoƙari don waɗannan dabi'u masu zuwa:
- OH - raka'a 4.5.
- LDL har zuwa raka'a 2.6.
- HDL Ga maza, daga naúra, ga mata daga 1.3 mmol / l.
- Triglycerides kasa da raka'a 1.7.
A cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, ya zama dole don sarrafa ba kawai alamomin sukari a cikin jiki ba, har ma don tantance bayanan furotin aƙalla sau biyu a shekara.
Game da karkacewa, ana buƙatar magani na gaggawa.
Sanadin Tsarin Cholesterol
Rushewar ƙwayar lipid a cikin jikin mutum ana kiranta dyslipidemia. Wannan yana nufin cewa rabo na LDL zuwa HDL ya karye. Wannan bayyanar cutar ba ta zama ruwan dare ba, musamman ma masu ciwon sukari, masu fama da cutar hawan jini da mutane bayan shekaru 40 da haihuwa.
Increasearancin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta yana da wasu sanadin. Waɗannan sun haɗa da rashin halayen dabi'a, yanayin cin abinci mara kyau, lokacin da abincin ya mamaye abincin asalin dabbobi kuma akwai wadataccen ƙwayoyin carbohydrates.
Cutar ciki, hauhawar tunani, tashin hankali, rashin shan giya da shan sigari, hanta da ciwon ciki na iya haifar da hauhawar LDL. Haɓaka mummunan cholesterol alama ce ta asibiti mara kyau, yana nuna haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis.
Rashin narkewar ƙwayar cuta ta lipid da farko yana haifar da yanayin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. A cikin mutane, sautin jijiyoyin jiki yana raguwa, da alama yiwuwar ƙwanƙwasa jini, kuma haɗarin bugun jini / bugun zuciya yana ƙaruwa.
Lowarancin matakin LDL a cikin ilimin aikin likita na yau da kullun yana da wuya. A ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin ko rage darajar, suna magana akan ƙananan haɗarin canje-canje na atherosclerotic. Babu buƙatar haɓaka tare da hanyoyin likita.
Daga cikin manyan dalilan rage ingancin cholesterol sune kamar haka:
- Rashin narkewar glucose a cikin jiki (mellitus diabetes);
- Cututtukan gado;
- Kwayoyin cuta na cututtuka da hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri.
Idan HDL ya fi na al'ada girma, wannan yana nuna raguwa cikin haɗarin cutar zuciya da rikitarwa. Koyaya, wannan bayanin gaskiya ne kawai a cikin wani yanayi inda sakamakon gwajin ya kasance sakamakon yanayin rayuwa mai inganci, daidaitaccen abinci da ingantaccen aikin jiki.
Gaskiyar ita ce cewa girma na HDL ya bayyanar da kanta ta fuskar asalin wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, rashin hankali da yanayin rayuwa.
Hanyoyi don keɓance cholesterol
Don kawar da abu mai haɗari a cikin jiragen ruwa da jijiya, yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, saboda haka kuna buƙatar haƙuri. Tsarin na iya ɗaukar daga watanni da yawa zuwa wasu 'yan shekaru. Suna kusanci jiyya kwata-kwata. Ana bada shawarar ingantaccen tsarin rayuwa da farko.
Idan kun cika nauyi, kuna buƙatar rasa nauyi. Tabbatar daina shan sigari, barasa, kunna wasanni. A cikin ciwon sukari, kuna buƙatar kulawa da sukari na jini koyaushe, guje wa canje-canje kwatsam, da kuma kula da rikice-rikice a kan kari. Zaka iya sarrafa sukari na jini ta amfani da sinadarin glucose.
Abincin abinci muhimmin mataki ne na gyaran. Masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar bayar da fifiko ba kawai ga abincin da ke da ƙanƙan glycemic index ba, har ma ga abincin da ke ɗauke da ƙaramin abu mai kama da mai. Ga masu ciwon sukari, yanayin kwayar cholesterol a kowace rana ya kai 200 MG, ga wasu marasa lafiya har zuwa 300 MG.
Ana cire samfurori daga menu:
- Nama, naman sa da mai naman alade.
- Harshe, harshe, kodan da sauran abubuwa.
- Manyan kayan kiwo mai mai yawa.
- Coffeearfi mai ƙarfi, shayi, makamashi.
Zai taimaka cire cholesterol mai cutarwa da tsarin shan magani. Ana tattauna shi daban-daban, alal misali, ga matsaloli tare da kodan, yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa kwararar ƙwayar cikin jiki, a wasu halayen ana bada shawarar sha 2-3 na ruwa na ruwa kowace rana.
An tsara magunguna masu tasiri a lokuta idan wasanni da abinci ba su taimaka. Ana iya haɗa waɗannan magunguna masu zuwa cikin tsarin kulawa:
- Magunguna daga ƙungiyar statins - Lovastatin, Simvastatin. Nazarin ya nuna cewa magunguna a cikin wannan rukunin suna taimakawa rage yawan sukari na jini, yayin da suke inganta matakan metabolism a jiki;
- Fibrates an fi bada shawarar yawan kiba da ciwon suga;
- Magungunan da ke taimakawa an ɗaure bile acid (cholesterol);
- Acid Omega-3, Omega 6.
Manufar magani da magani marasa magani shine don dawo da daidaitaccen al'ada tsakanin cholesterol mai haɗari da amfani. Normalization na tafiyar matakai na rayuwa da kyau yana shafar jiki gabaɗaya, yana rage haɗarin ƙirƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar cholesterol.
Game da cholesterol "mai kyau" da "mara kyau" a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
