Atherosclerosis na cututtukan zuciya: menene kuma yadda za mu bi da shi?

Babban maɓallin ƙwayar jini shine zuciya. Yana, ragewa, yana tura jini ga dukkan tsokar jikin mutum, yana dauke su da iskar oxygen. Hakanan yana samar da dawowar jini mai narkewa don sake sakewa tare da abubuwa masu amfani. Abin da ya sa yanayin lafiyar zuciya da tasoshin jini yana da matukar muhimmanci ga ɗan adam.

A gaban abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari, cututtukan tsarin zuciya, irin su bugun zuciya, bugun jini, huhun hanji da gudawa, na iya haɓaka. Dukkansu suna haɓaka saboda mummunan cuta - atherosclerosis.

Ba a amfani da irin wannan tunani kamar atherosclerosis na zuciya ba a cikin ilimin zamani. Wannan saboda atherosclerosis yana shafar jijiyoyin jini, zuciya kuma tsoka ce. Kalmar "atherosclerosis na zuciya" yana nufin cin nasara da jijiyoyin zuciya. Suna da alhakin isar da iskar oxygen zuwa ga myocardium kuma tare da kunkuntar su, yunwar oxygen ta zuciya na tasowa.

Matakan ci gaba da Pathology

Atherosclerosis na tasoshin zuciya baya farawa kwatsam. Wannan tsari ne wanda zai iya ɗaukar shekaru, yana farawa tun yana ƙarami. Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon yawan kuzarin cholesterol a jikin mutum da ajiyar shi a jikin bango na jijiyoyin jiki.

Rashin nasarar jijiyoyin zuciya yana faruwa a matakai da yawa:

• Ara yawan adadin lipoproteins da yawa na jini. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin rayuwa mara kyau, abincin takarce, rashin aiki ta jiki. A kan jijiyoyin wuya a wannan lokacin ba shi yiwuwa a gano kowane canje-canje - ganuwar tasoshin har yanzu suna da kyau, duk da cewa binciken ƙwakwalwa yana bayyana edema na ƙwayoyin endothelial a cikin 60% na lokuta;
• Mataki na gaba yana bayyanar da bayyanar ƙungiyoyi masu amfani da ƙwayar lipid a bangon jirgin ruwa. Ba sa shiga cikin kashin jijiyoyin jini kuma ba sa tsoma bakin jini, saboda haka a wannan matakin da wuya su gano cutar;
• Bayan ƙoshin jini tare da lipids, ƙwaƙwalwar atherosclerotic ta fara haɓaka. Ya bayyana a kan tasoshin da abin ya shafa, wanda kuma yana jan hankalin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a jiki. Fibrinogen da platelet suma suna haɗe da lipids, wanda ke hanzarta ɗaukar ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jini.

Mataki na karshe shine haɓakar rikice-rikice. Waɗannan sun haɗa da haɓakar salts na ƙwayoyin salula da katsewa cikin plaque. A farkon batun, ana lura da nakasar da bangon jirgin ruwa saboda karɓar ta hanyar ƙirar babban dutse, ko, kamar yadda ake kiranta, gas. A lamari na biyu, ƙwaƙwalwar atherosclerotic sun fara rarrabu kuma tare da sassan jini na faranti da ke yaduwa a cikin jiki duka, suna rufe arterioles da capillaries.

Ya danganta da girman barbashi, an ƙaddara matakin lalacewa - don manyan masu girma dabam, hanya tana da nauyi. Wannan saboda mafi yawan bangarori suna dauke da tsokar jijiya, wanda ke haifar da cutarwa ga jiki sosai.

Hanyar cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki

Atherosclerosis yana da zaɓuɓɓukan haɓaka haɓaka da yawa.

Ya dogara da wuri da saurin haɓaka.

Mafi yawan cututtukan zuciya a cikin atherosclerosis sun hada da: cardiosclerosis, angina pectoris, da ciwon zuciya.

Cardiosclerosis cuta ce ta mutum wanda aka maye gurbinsa da musanyawar tsoka ta al'ada tare da suturar fata. Wannan shi ne saboda karancin iskar oxygen, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar jijiyoyin jiki. Sakamakon wannan, hauhawar jini yana haɓaka - wannan haɓakar haɓakar ragowar kyallen takarda da ƙwayoyin rai. Koyaya, wannan halin ba zai iya tsawan lokaci ba, ɗakunan zuciya suna faɗaɗawa, kuma baya iya yin jini. Wannan yana haifar da gazawar bawul din, wanda ke haifar da gazawar zuciya da mutuwa.

Ya danganta da matsayin lalacewar da jijiyoyin zuciya, an rarrabe nau'ikan cututtukan zuciya guda biyu - mai da hankali da rarrabuwa. Ana ganin bambancin ya fi nauyi tare da gudana, tunda yana ɗaukar yawancin myocardium, ana rarraba shi daidai. Ana nuna shi a cikin zuciya wanda yake haifar da ƙananan raunuka a cikin zuciya. Don atherosclerosis, nau'in cardiosclerosis yadawa shine mafi halayyar mutum. A cikin marasa lafiya, yana bayyana kanta tare da irin wannan alamu - palpitations na zuciya, bayyanar da ƙarancin numfashi a hutawa kuma yayin motsa jiki, haɓakar kumburin kafafu. Ana ɗaukar rikice-rikice na exocativeitis, myocarditis da ascites, saboda yawan tara ruwa a cikin jiki da kuma rashin cire shi daga jiki.

Lalacewa a cikin kayan aikin valvular an san shi ne ci gaban samuwar lahani na zuciya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da haɓakar rashin isasshen ƙwayar aortic ko mitral valve insufficiency. A saboda wannan, aikin ventricles da atria na zuciya yana ƙaruwa kuma lalacewar zuciya yana tasowa. Sakamakon yunwar oxygen da ke tattare da tsarin zuciya, lahani ne a cikin bugun kirji na zuciya - wato, tsarin da ke da alhakin tsari da kuma haifar da jijiyoyin zuciya saboda lalacewar zuciya. Wannan yana haifar da arrhythmias - wannan gazawar bugun zuciya, da kuma karin extrasystoles - ƙari da ƙaddamarwar karya ta zuciya.

Za'a iya bambanta bayyanar cututtuka - daga wucewar jin zafi a cikin zuciya zuwa haɓakar fibrillation. Dukkanta ya dogara da matsayin lalacewar jijiyoyin zuciya da kuma lokacin jiyya.

Yana da kyau a tuna cewa lura da atherosclerosis yana da tasiri sosai a matakan farko. Bayan ci gaban plaque, magani ya ƙunshi a kiyaye zaman lafiyar yanayin.

Menene angina pectoris?

Angina pectoris wani hadadden alamomin ne da ke bayyana saboda karancin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jijiyoyi iri daban daban.

A al'adance ana kiranta "angina pectoris," saboda halayyar jiwar matsin lamba a bayan sternum.

Zafin yakan bayyana kwatsam, ba tare da lokacin prodromal ba, bai danganta da yanayin lokacin bacci ba. Zai iya ba wa yankunan makwabta - reshe na sama, scapula ko wuya.

An dakatar da zafin ta hanyar shan kwayoyi daga rukunin nitrates, sakamakon wanda ke cikin irin waɗannan kaddarorin:

1. Harshen shakatawa na jijiyoyin jiki a ƙarƙashin rinjayar guanylate cyclase. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga farfadowa na tasoshin jijiyoyin jini, saboda wanda ya dawo da kwararar jini, wanda bayan haka, yunwar oxygen ta tsaya kuma azabar ta ɓace.
2. Rage kaya a kan myocardium, wanda ke taimakawa rage buƙatar iskar oxygen;
3. Tasiri akan sautin tausayi na jijiyoyin jini kuma hakan yana haifar da jin zafi.
4. Taimakawa a cikin sake rarraba jini, wanda ke cike da iskar oxygen tsakanin sassa daban daban na tsoka, wanda ke hana haɓakar necrosis ko infarction na zuciya.

Duk da cewa hanyar ci gaban angina iri daya ce, akwai nau'ikan angina pectoris daban-daban bisa ga tsarin ICD (rarrabuwa na cututtuka). Sun bambanta da kansu a cikin matakin kaya, wanda ke haifar da kai hari. Sanin wannan yana ba wa likita damar ba da magani mafi inganci:

• Sture angina pectoris shine mafi yawan nau'ikan. Yana tasowa bayan wani aiki na jiki. Ana nuna wannan nau'in ta hanyar kai hari wanda ba ya wuce minti goma sha biyar kuma an dakatar da shi ta hanyar shan magungunan nitrate;
• Rashin angina pectoris wanda ba shi da tabbas - ba kamar sigar da ta gabata ba, yana tasowa ne kawai a hutawa. Wannan bambancin mai haɗarin gaske ne na cutar. Haƙiƙa na jin zafi na iya ɗaukar tsawon lokaci, ba a dakatar dasu da kwamfutar hannu guda ɗaya na nitroglycerin ba, suna kawo haƙuri da wahala.

Kulawa da angina pectoris shine don magance wata cuta ta ƙasa da ke shafar jijiyoyin jini. A saboda wannan, ana amfani da wani hadadden kwayoyi masu amfani waɗanda ke narkewar filayen atherosclerotic, ƙananan jini, cire cholesterol daga jiki, da ƙananan gubin jini.

Bugu da ƙari, ana nuna canjin rayuwa ga marasa lafiya, wanda ya haɗa da tsayayyen abinci mai ban da abinci mai ƙoshin mai daga abinci, maganin motsa jiki da ƙin halaye marasa kyau, kamar shan sigari da shan barasa. A cikin lokuta mafi muni na cutar, ana yin jijiyoyin jini jijiyoyin zuciya, maye gurbin abin da ya shafa tare da ingantaccen jijiya.

Cutar myocardial necrosis

Myocardial infarction wani yanki ne mai rikitarwa na atherosclerosis. A cikin duniya, mace-mace daga wannan cuta kusan 40%, mafi yawan lokuta tsakanin maza. Wani rikitarwa ne na cututtukan zuciya da matsanancin aiki.

Don haɓakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayar jijiya na zuciya yana haifar da irin wannan yanayin kamar shan taba. Yana haɓaka tarin ruwan guba a bangon jirgin ruwa, wanda a lipids da fibrin suke haɗuwa cikin sauƙi, suna haifar da katange jirgin.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine mutum bazai iya sanin cewa yana da atherosclerosis na tasoshin zuciya ba kuma bugun zuciya shine alamarsa ta farko, wanda zai buƙaci magani sosai.

Cutar zuciya tana tasowa a saurin walƙiya, saboda myocardium zai iya yin kwangila ba tare da iskar oxygen ba cikin kusan aƙiƙa 15.

A cikin minti daya, alamun farko na necrosis ya bayyana, tunda sel zuciya suna da matukar damuwa ga hypoxia.

Babban alamun cutar bugun zuciya shine:

1. Ciwon kirji mai zafi. Yana tasowa a hankali saboda gaskiyar cewa necrosis yana haifar da shigar abubuwa masu guba cikin jini. Hakanan, jin zafi yana da alaƙa da spasm na jijiyoyin jini wanda ya shiga cikin thrombosis da ischemia. Yanayin zafin yana ƙonewa, ba a iya jurewa ba, marasa lafiya sun lura cewa ba su taɓa jin ciwo mai ƙarfi ba;
2. Dizzness yana haɓaka saboda ƙarancin isashshen oxygen zuwa ga ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon raguwa a cikin zuciya, raguwa a fitowar zuciya, da raguwa a cikin ƙwanƙwaran brachiocephalic. Shafin brachiocephalic (BCC) yana da matukar damuwa ga saukad da matsin lamba. Cutar zuciya shine yawan jini wanda yake matse ventricle na hagu a cikin tsaiko guda. Idan babu isasshen jini, to ba zai haifar da juriya na wajibi ba kuma matsi ya ragu;
3. Vomiting da tashin zuciya saboda haushi daga cikin vomiting cibiyar a cikin kwakwalwa, sau da yawa aure, kuma nan da nan bace;

Pallor na fata ya bayyana saboda canzawar jini daga mahangar zuwa tsakiyar, don kula da yanayin tsinkaye na yau da kullun na mahimman sassan ciki - kwakwalwa da zuciya.

Janar lura da cutar

Duk jiyya don atherosclerosis ya kamata a fara da wuri-wuri.

A farkon matakan, ana iya sake juyawa.

A matakin ci gaban ci gaban plasta cholesterol, magani kadai ba zai yi aiki ba.

A cikin lokuta na asibiti mai tsanani, alal misali, tare da atherosclerosis da yawa, mara lafiya za a iya warkar da shi nan da nan.

Shawarwarin rayuwar gabaɗaya:

• Abincin abinci tare da yawancin abincin shuka. Akwai furotin masu yawa, fiber da pectins a cikin kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda ke da tasirin sakamako a kan yanayin jijiyoyin zuciya, rage shaye-shaye kuma cire kayan mai mai yawa daga jiki;
• Banbancin abinci mai mai mai kyau tare da maye gurbinsu da kaji da kifi, don rage yawan cholesterol a jiki;
• Yarda da tsarin shan ruwa - ɗauki aƙalla lita ɗaya da rabi na ruwa kowace rana. Wannan zai tabbatar da daidaiton ruwa-electrolyte, wanda yake da matukar mahimmanci don aiki daidai na gado na jijiyoyin bugun gini da saita matsi a dabi'u akai;
• Asedara yawan aiki na jiki - ga kowane mutum, ya kamata a zaɓi nauyin ɗin daban-daban ta likitan halartar dangane da matakin motsa jiki da kuma matsayin lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki. Don matakin farko, mutane masu ƙwarewa za su yi amfani da wasanni masu rikitarwa da ƙarfin motsa jiki - Gudun, nau'ikan kokawa, da azuzuwan a cikin motsa jiki. Ga mutane da ba a shirya ba, motsa jiki, motsa jiki a cikin sabon iska, iyo da sauransu sun dace.

Idan, bayan waɗannan matakan, matakan cholesterol ba su faɗi ba, zaku iya amfani da maganin gargajiya. Zasu iya yin tasiri a farkon cutar. Daga cikin girke-girke da yawa koyaushe zaka iya samun wanda yake da kyau:

1. Mix daidai sassa na rhizomes na gama Dandelion da nettle ganye, nace su tsawon awanni biyu a cikin wani ruwa mai zãfi. Sha sian sips a ko'ina cikin rana. Don inganta dandano, zaku iya amfani da zuma mai linden;
2. Mix tashi kwatangwalo da daji strawberries a cikin wani rabo na 1: 2, zuba tafasasshen ruwa. Bada izinin tsayawa a wuri mai duhu na kimanin sa'o'i uku. Sha da safe, rabin gilashi kafin karin kumallo, kusan rabin sa'a kafin cin abinci;
3. Hada ruwan albasa da zuma a daidai adadin, kai rabin teaspoon a karin kumallo;

Bugu da ƙari, zaku iya amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace albasa wanda aka gauraya da ruwa, ana lissafta kamar saukad da 3 a kowace mil 100 na ruwa. Sha da safe, zai fi dacewa da abinci, saboda ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki ba ya haushi da ƙwayar mucous.

Wannan girke-girke yana contraindicated a cikin mutane da ulcerative raunuka na gastrointestinal fili da na kullum ko m hyperacid gastritis.

Takamaiman magani: magani ko tiyata

Jiyya na jijiyoyin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini ne da za'ayi a medial da operatively.

Ka'idojin ka'idodin magani suna da wahala da tasiri.

Dole ne magunguna su sami sakamako mai amfani akan tasoshin jini kuma suna da ƙananan tasirin sakamako.

Don lura da cutar, ana amfani da wakilai na rukunin magunguna daban-daban.

Suchungiyoyin samfuran suna wakiltar irin waɗannan magunguna:

• Rage cholesterol - waɗannan sun haɗa da statins da fibrates. Sun shafi biosynthesis na cholesterol, suna katse shi a matakan farko. Magunguna irin su atorvastatin da hemifibrozil suna wakiltarsu. Suna da araha kuma suna da inganci a cikin maganin atherosclerosis;
• Rage-matsin lamba - a nan ya zama dole la'akari da abin da ke haifar da matsin lamba. Wannan na iya zama amsa ga azanci ga jijiya, ko lalacewar ƙwayar jijiya ko lahani. Dole ne likita ya yi la'akari da bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma nazarin kayan aiki don tsara isasshen jiyya;
• A cikin marasa lafiya masu ciwon sukari, an tsara magunguna waɗanda ke rage adadin glucose a cikin jini. Waɗannan sun haɗa da biguanides, misali Metformin Teva, Glucophage, Metformin Sandoz. Yana ɗaura nauyin adadin sukari mai sauƙi kuma yana cire su daga jiki, wanda ke hana lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki;

Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da maganin bitamin, wanda aka wajabta don ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki da ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin rigakafi don magance abubuwan cutarwa waɗanda zasu iya lalata jirgin ruwa.

Tare da rashin ingancin dukkanin hanyoyin magance atherosclerosis, kawai tiyata ya ragu a cibiyar zuciya. Zai iya zama a kan jirgin ruwa mai bude ko kuma endoscopic. A halin yanzu, an zaɓi hanyar na ƙarshe saboda ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwarta da ƙarancin mace-mace bayan tiyata.

Akwai nau'ikan tiyata na endoscopic guda biyu - maganin balloon da tazara. A farkon lamari, an gabatar da balanbaren musamman a cikin jijiya, wanda ke buɗewa a matattara mafi kusa, yana fadada bututu. A cikin lamari na biyu, ana amfani da stent - karamin bututu wanda ke da tsarin tsari. Saboda tsarinta na hypoallergenic, ana iya barin ta a cikin jirgin don a sami isasshen abin yarda. A kowane hali, duk zaɓuɓɓukan magani ya kamata a tattauna tare da likitan halartar don hana ci gaban rikitarwa.

Mene ne haɗarin atherosclerosis zai gaya wa gwani a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.