Atherosclerosis wani mummunan ciwo ne wanda ke tattare da ajiyar yawan kwayar cholesterol a cikin rufin ciki. Sakamakon haka, raunin da ke haifar da kumburi yana tasowa a cikin jiragen, kuma raunin da ke tattare da rauni. Kamar yadda ka sani, mafi karami na jijiyoyin bugun jini, mafi muni ga barin jini zuwa ga gabobin da ke daidai Wannan cuta na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa ga jiki, sabili da haka ya zama dole a san fargabarta daga kuma zuwa.
Atherosclerosis jiyya yana nufin rage cholesterol. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da magungunan rigakafin atherosclerotic (Statins, Fibrates, reshen musayar anino da shirye-shiryen acid nicotinic), motsa jiki na yau da kullun don rage nauyi, da rage cin abinci a cikin cholesterol da kitsen dabbobi ma yana da mahimmanci. Idan ana so, zaku iya amfani da magungunan gargajiya waɗanda za'a iya sauƙaƙe a gida.
Tsinkaya don atherosclerosis ya dogara da matsayin lalacewa, tsawon lokacinsa da kuma ingancin kulawa da marasa lafiya.
Don rigakafin, ana bada shawara don barin kyawawan halaye, da tsari cikin wasanni, kiyaye motsa jiki da abinci.
Me yasa atherosclerosis ke haɓaka?
Atherosclerosis shine asalin aikin da aka saba da shi. Dangane da haka, nesa daga dalili guda na iya haifar da faruwarsa. Zuwa yau, dukkan abubuwan da suka haifar da cutar ba a kafa su ba. Likitocin sun gano dalilan hadarin da ke kara haifar da wata cuta.
Babban abubuwanda ke haifar da ci gaban cutar shine:
- Yawan kwayoyin halittar jini - abin da ke faruwa a lokacin dangi shine kusancin lokaci ana lura dashi. Ana kiran wannan "tarihin rayuwar iyali masu nauyin kaya".
- Samun kiba baya da kyau ga kowa ya ƙara kilo, kuma don atherosclerosis yana da kyau yanayin, tunda ƙiba yana lalata duk nau'in metabolism, gami da narkewar abinci mai guba.
- Abuse da giya - yana cutar da dukkan gabobin jini da jijiyoyin jini, sannu a hankali suke canza tsarin su.
- Shan taba - nicotine yana da mummunar tasiri a cikin huhu, yana ƙaruwa izuwa bango na jijiyoyin bugun gini, yana sa ya zama mai jan baki kuma mara ƙarfi.
- Maza suna fara ganin alamun farko na atherosclerosis a matsakaicin shekaru 10 da suka gabata fiye da mata, kuma suna rashin lafiya sau hudu sau da yawa.
- Shekaru - yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban cutar, saboda bayan shekaru 40 jiki ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da cututtukan cututtukan cuta
- Cutar sankara (mellitus) wataƙila ɗayan dalilai ne masu haɗari, saboda ciwon sukari yana haɓaka lalacewar ƙananan jiragen ruwa (micro- da macroangiopathy), wanda kawai ke ba da gudummawa ga kwalliyar filayen atherosclerotic a cikin bangon su.
- Tsarin rayuwa mai tsayi - tare da karamin adadin aikin jiki, kowane mutum sannu a hankali ya fara samun nauyi, sannan kuma an riga an san tsarin.
- Duk wani take hakkin metabolism, musamman, raguwa a cikin yawan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins mai yawa, waɗanda suke "mai kyau", ba ƙwaƙwalwar atherogenic ba.
- Maganin cutar metabolism shine babban sunan da aka samo don irin wannan bayyanar kamar hauhawar jini, matsakaicin nau'in kiba (mafi yawan adadi a cikin ciki), babban triglycerides da raunin glucose mai rauni (na iya zama cikas ga ciwon sukari mellitus).
Bugu da ƙari, mahimman haɗarin ya haɗa da tasiri akan jikin kullun damuwa na jiki da tunani. Loadaukar nauyin motsin zuciyar mutum yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa saboda su, matsin lamba galibi yakan tashi, kuma jiragen ruwa, bi da bi, suna fuskantar matsananciyar motsawa.
Babban bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerosis
A farkon matakin, cutar asymptomatic. Alamar farko ta bayyana ne yayin da rikice-rikice suka bayyana a jikin mutum saboda ci gaban ilimin halittu. Bayyanannin asibiti na cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cutar atherosclerotic na arteries sun dogara ne da fassarar hanyar. Za a iya fallasa jiragen ruwa daban-daban ga aikin, saboda haka, alamun za su iya samun bambance-bambance.
Atherosclerosis na cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya. A wannan yanayin, jijiyoyin zuciya ko jijiya marasa lafiya suna wahala. Suna ɗaukar jinin oxygenated zuwa zuciya. Lokacin da suka lalace, myocardium baya karɓar isasshen oxygen, kuma wannan na iya bayyana kanta a cikin halayen halayen angina. Angina pectoris alama ce ta kai tsaye daga cututtukan zuciya na zuciya (CHD), wanda marasa lafiya ke jin zafin konewa, jin zafi a bayan mafitsara, gajeriyar numfashi da tsoron mutuwa.
Ana kiran angina pectoris angina pectoris. Irin waɗannan hare-hare sau da yawa suna faruwa yayin ƙoƙari na jiki na ƙarfi daban-daban, amma tare da tsauraran matakai na gudu, suna iya damewa a hutawa. Sannan ana gano su da hutun angina pectoris. Lalacewa mai ɗorewa a cikin jijiya zai iya haifar da infarction na myocardial - necrosis na "necrosis" na rukunin mahaifa. Abin takaici, a kusan rabin lokuta, ciwon zuciya na iya haifar da mutuwa.
Aortic atherosclerosis. Mafi yawan lokuta kullun yana maganin wahala. A wannan yanayin, gunaguni na marasa lafiya na iya zama mara ma'ana, alal misali, farin ciki, rauni a gaba ɗaya, wani lokacin ƙyau, ɗan ƙaramin ciwon kirji.
Atherosclerosis na cututtukan cerebral (tasoshin cerebral). Yana da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Marasa lafiya suna cikin damuwa da raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, suna zama mai taɓa taɓawa, yanayin su yakan canza. Wataƙila ciwon kai da haɗarin kumburi na jijiyoyin wuya (tasirin cutar iskemic na wani lokaci). Ga irin waɗannan marasa lafiya, alamar Ribot halayyar mutum ce: za su iya dogara da tunanin abin da ya faru shekaru goma da suka gabata, amma kusan ba zai iya faɗi abin da ya faru kwana ɗaya ko biyu da suka wuce ba. Sakamakon irin wannan cin zarafin ba shi da kyau - bugun jini na iya tasowa (mutuwar ɓangaren kwakwalwa).
Atherosclerosis na jijiyoyin jini (ko mesenteric). A wannan yanayin, tasirin da ke wucewa a cikin hanji yana aiki. Irin wannan tsari yana da wuya. Mutane za su damu da ƙone zafi a cikin ciki, raunin narkewa (maƙarƙashiya ko zawo). Wani mummunan sakamako na iya zama bugun zuciya na hanji, daga baya kuma garkuwar gaba.
Atherosclerosis na arteries na kodan. Da farko dai, marasa lafiya sun fara kara matsa lamba, kuma kusan ba shi yiwuwa a rage shi da taimakon magunguna. Wannan shine ake kira renal (sakandare, Symptomatic) hauhawar jini. Hakanan za'a iya jin zafi a cikin yankin lumbar, ƙananan rikicewa a cikin urination. Tsarin aiki mai yawa na iya haifar da ci gaban lalacewa na koda.
Hakanan akwai atherosclerosis na jijiyoyin ƙananan ƙarshen - yawancin lokaci yana lalata, shine, rufe bakin jirgin.
Alamar farko ita ce cutar “ta wucin gadi” - marasa lafiya ba za su iya yin tafiya ba tare da tsayawa ba. Yawancin lokaci dole ne su tsaya saboda suna yin korafi game da ƙarancin ƙafa da kafafu, jin ƙonewa a cikinsu, fatar fata ko ma cyanosis, ji na "ƙwanƙwasa gusa".
Amma ga sauran koke-koke, yawan rikicewar gashi a kafafu, bakin fata, bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan trophic marasa warkarwa, canji a siffar da launi na kusoshi.
Duk wata ƙarancin lalacewar fata na haifar da cututtukan trophic, wanda daga baya zai iya zama cikin gangrene. Wannan yana da haɗari musamman ga masu ciwon sukari, sabili da haka ana ba da shawarar sosai cewa su kula da ƙafafunsu, su sa takalmin da ba su shafa ba, kar su cika ƙafafunsu kuma su kula da su sosai.
Hakanan za'a iya dakatar da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin da ƙananan jijiyoyin ƙananan sassan na iya ɓacewa.
Menene rikitarwa na atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis cuta ne wanda ke haifar da bayyanar babban adadin rikitarwa.
Atherosclerosis yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da tafiya a hankali.
Wannan kadarar ilimin Pathop musamman ana faɗo shi ne idan ba a cika kulawa da maganin da likita ya umarta ba ko kuma gaba ɗaya in babu.
Mafi mahimmancin rikice-rikice na atherosclerosis sune:
- sabo;
- karancin lalacewa;
- bugun jini;
- bugun zuciya.
Aneurysm bakin ciki ne na bakin bango na jijiyoyin bugun gini da ginin sa tare da kirkirar “jakar” sifar. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana yin sabo ne a wurin da aka ajiye plaque cholesterol saboda tsananin matsin lamba a jikin bangon jirgin. Mafi sau da yawa, ciwon aortic aneurysm yana haɓaka. Sakamakon wannan, marasa lafiya suna koka da ciwon kirji, galibi da daddare ko da safe.
Zafin ya tsananta lokacin da yake ɗaga hannaye sama, misali, lokacin haɗuwa. Tare da karuwa da girman sabo, zai iya sanya matsin lamba a kan gabobin makwabta. Wannan na iya kasancewa tare da bayyanar tashin hankali (saboda matsin lamba a kan jijiya), gajeriyar numfashi (saboda matsanancin ƙwaƙwalwa), tari, jin zafi a cikin zuciya (cardialgia), tsananin farin ciki, har ma da asarar hankali. Za'a iya ba da jin zafi ga kashin mahaifa da kuma yankin scapular.
Tsinkaya a gaban aneurysm yana daɗa muni sosai, tunda ana iya fara rarrashi ko ma ya fasa. Amincewa da sharri shine farkon katsewa, tunda sannu a hankali abubuwan da ke cikin sabuwar jijiyar sun tsage dukkan membranes na artery, har zuwa waje. Rushewar Aortic kusan kai tsaye yana kaiwa ga mutuwa. Marasa lafiya da ciwon sabo ya kamata su guji duk wani ƙoƙari na jiki da damuwa na ruhi, saboda duk wannan yana iya haifar da rudewa nan da nan.
Rashin bugun zuciya - ana iya barin ventricular da ventricular dama. Haguwar zuciya yana bayyana ta hanyar zubar jini a cikin jijiyoyin zuciya. Saboda haka, huhun ciki da kuma gajeruwar numfashi.
Marasa lafiya suna ɗaukar matsayin zama a cikin tilastawa (orthopnea), a cikin saukaka gare su numfashi. Tare da rashin karfin zuciya, da yawa cikin da'irar jini yana wahala.
Akwai karuwa a hanta da jijiyoyi, kumburi da jijiyoyin bugun bango na ciki, kumburi daga kasan hanji, kumburi da jijiyoyin wuya, tachycardia (bugun hanzari), gazawar numfashi da tari.
Jiyya na lokaci zai taimaka don guje wa rikice-rikice.
Alamar bugun zuciya da bugun jini
Myocardial infarction a cikin ciwon sukari na iya haɓaka saboda cutar atherosclerosis.
Ta hanyar rage girman katako na jijiya (daya ko fiye), jininsa ya wadatar da iskar oxygen ya tafi zuwa ga myocardium, kuma sashin da ya dace na tsoka na zuciya yana yin jijiyoyin jini. Ya danganta da yawan bugun zuciya, alamomin ana bayyana su da digo dabam dabam.
Marasa lafiya sun koka da kwatsam, ciwon kirji mai zafi sosai, har zuwa asarar hankali. Zafin na iya haskakawa (bayarwa) ga hagu na hagu, da baya, da na ciki, na iya kasancewa da matsanancin numfashi. Ana buƙatar samar da marasa lafiya tare da ƙwararrun likitoci da wuri-wuri, saboda mutuwa na iya faruwa da sauri.
Cutar bugun zuciya itace necrosis na wani yanki na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa wanda ke tasowa tare da cututtukan kwakwalwa na cerebral atherosclerosis.
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don bugun jini, amma rikicewar magana sau da yawa ana haɓakawa (mara lafiya ba ya fahimtar da jawabin da aka yi magana da shi ko kuma ba zai iya tsara nasa ba), rashin daidaituwa na motsi, bangaranci ko cikakkiyar rashin hankali a cikin ƙafafunsa, ana iya samun matsanancin ciwo a cikin kai. Matsin lamba a bugun jini ya tashi sosai.
Ya kamata a fara kula da jijiyoyin jiki da wuri-wuri, saboda cutar za ta iya shafar mahimman cibiyoyin a cikin kwakwalwa (na numfashi da vasomotor), mai haƙuri na iya zama mai rauni har abada ko kuma ya shiga cikin matsalar mahaifa. An dawo da aikin hankali a hankali tare da isasshen magani.
An bayyana rikice-rikice na atherosclerosis a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
