Atherosclerosis yana cikin jerin cututtukan da ke barazanar rayuwa, kodayake a farkon farko yana iya ɗauka daban. Ba shi da ci gaba mai sauri, alamomin na iya yin haske da ɗaukar hotunan wasu cututtukan.
A zahirin gaskiya, atherosclerosis sannu a hankali amma tabbas yana shafar dukkanin tasoshin jikin mutum daya bayan daya, a hankali yana takaita shingen hanyoyin jini kuma yana toshe hanyoyin jini. Wannan yana haifar da ischemia na kullum, yana lalata aikin kuma yana dakatar da aikin gabobin.
Yaduwar atherosclerosis a cikin jiki
Mafi sau da yawa, atherosclerosis yana shafar tsokoki na babban da'irar wurare dabam dabam na jini - aorta, tasoshin ƙananan ƙarshen, da jijiyoyin kwakwalwa.
Tare da lalacewar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin ƙafafu, alamomin masu zuwa suna bayyana: ƙamshi da sanyaya ƙafa, gazawar tantance farji a cikin ƙafafu na ƙasa, kuma tare da lalata lalacewar makwancin, rauni na fata lokacin aiki na jiki. Tare da aiwatar da aiki a gefen gaban ƙananan kafa (tunda akwai ƙarancin ƙwayar tsoka kuma, saboda haka, ƙarancin tasoshin ruwa, ischemia yana haɓaka da sauri), an samar da ciwon mahaifa, wanda zai iya haɓaka cikin ko dai gangrene ko tsarin cutar kansa. Gangrene shine ƙwanƙwalwar ƙashin ƙafa, a ƙarshe yana kaiwa ga guba jini da mutuwa.
Alamu iri-iri alamace ta lalacewar aortic, saboda girmanta a jikin mutum - tun daga hagu na hagu na zuciya zuwa sanyawa cikin jijiyoyin mata.
Tsarin za a iya sanya shi cikin:
- Jirgin ruwa na jijiyoyin jiki shine yanayin barazanar rayuwa wanda zai haifar da infarction myocardial. A asibiti, yana da alaƙa da angina pectoris - matsi da damfara zafi a bayan mafitsara, gazawar numfashi, rauni, damuwa, jin tsoro ko juyayi. A wannan yanayin, alamomin shine tsawon lokacin zafi na tsawon awanni da kuma juriyarsa ga nitroglycerin, sabanin angina pectoris;
- Game da lalacewar cinya na ciki, musamman ma jijiyoyin jiki, atherosclerosis suna ɗaukar nau'in cin zarafin ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki da nau'in abinci mai guba: tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon ciki, ƙarancin matattara kamar yadda maƙarƙashiya ko zawo. Kwayar cutar ba ta tsayawa tare da maganin cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyi kuma yana ƙaruwa tsawon lokaci;
Lokacin da aka toshe artanƙara a matakin silaron sa a cikin ƙashin ƙugu, ana lura da alamun lalacewar arteries.
Bayyanarwar farko ta lalacewar arteries
Atherosclerosis daga cikin tasoshin kwakwalwa da gangar jikin brachiocephalic yana da takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka, wanda ke bayyana ne kawai a matakin ƙarshe kuma kusan ba za'a iya jure cutar ba.
Magungunan farko na cutar shine gajiya mai rauni da rauni, wanda zai iya ɗaukar watanni da wani lokacin ma har shekaru. A lokaci guda, mutum koyaushe yana neman uzuri a gare su, kamar: banal overwork a wurin aiki, damuwa ko ci gaba a yanayin yanayi.
A tsawon lokaci, mai haƙuri yana jin haushi koyaushe, saboda tsarin juyayi yana aiki a cikin yanayin tashin hankali na dindindin a cikin yanayin matsananciyar yunwar oxygen, kamar yadda tasoshin ke cike da kullun.
A wannan matakin, ana gano cutar ta hanyar haɗari yayin bincike na yau da kullun ko lokacin bayar da gudummawar jini ga lipids.
A cikin 90% na lokuta, atherosclerosis yana zuwa mataki na gaba na ci gaba - lokacin da matakin ragewa ya kai fiye da rabin sharewar. Daga nan bayyanar cututtuka ta kara zama ta karuwa.
Har ila yau, suna ƙara yawan baƙin ciki yayin ƙoƙari na jiki da hutawa, jin zafi a kai da wuya, amai da "ƙudaje" da kuma gaban wuraren duhu a gaban idanun, tinnitus. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon hypoxia na irin wannan tsarin kwakwalwa kamar kayan aikin vestibular, optic jijiya da cerebellum.
A layi daya tare da wannan, mai haƙuri a hankali ya haɓaka yanayin baƙin ciki, wanda dangi zasu iya lura. Abin da ake kira alamun kwakwalwa, alamun takamaiman alamun lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa, yana ƙaruwa a hankali.
Tare da mafi yawan raunuka na cerebellum, hargitsi a cikin yanayin motar da daidaituwa ya fara. Wannan ya bayyana ta hanyar rawar jiki ko rawar jiki da ba a kulawa da shi, girgiza kai, motsin hannu na kwatsam.
Cibiyar magana ta gaba tana shan wahala. Maganar ta zama slur, rikice, tare da shakku. Wannan yana jan hankalin mahallin, yana sa mara haƙuri ya ji kunya, kuma zai iya motsa shi ya nemi likita.
Babban alamun bayyanar aikin kwakwalwa
Idan ba a fara jiyya a wannan lokacin ba, mataki na ƙarshe ke ci gaba.
An kwatanta shi da raguwa a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, a hankali, amma ƙarshe duka. Da farko, ana bayyana wannan ta hanyar manta sunaye da kwanan wata, sannan an manta da abubuwan da suka faru da mutane, kuma a ƙarshen ɓacin rai ke tasowa.
Wannan mummunan yanayi ne, musamman ma dangi da abokai, ganin yadda nakasassun ke haifar da asarar rayuwa gabaɗaya.
Mutum ba zai iya yin ayyukan gida na asali ba - daga ɗaukar takalmi har zuwa cin abinci, ƙwararren aikin kai zai ɓace.
Wannan matakin a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ba amenable bane don tashin hankali kuma ya ƙare da bugun jini - ischemic ko basur.
Ischemic bugun jini ya zama sakamakon toshe jirgin ruwa ta hanyar atherosclerotic plaque, akwai matsananciyar yunwar oxygen da ischemia tare da necrosis.
Hemorrhagic bugun jini ya lalace ta hanyar katse jirgin ruwan da ya shafa, wanda kan kai shi ga zubar jini da narkewar jijiyar kwakwalwa tare da jini, wanda hakan ke haifar da aiki kwakwalwa.
Hakanan, kowane bugun jini yana haifar da cututtukan hanji, wanda ke bayyane ta hanyar ƙaura da kuma tsarin tsarin kwakwalwa, musamman maɓallin kwakwalwa. A ciki ne mahimman cibiyoyin da ke da alhakin bugun bugun zuciya, numfashi da haɗiye kebe. Idan ba tare da su ba, mutum ya mutu a cikin minti.
Abin da ya sa ya kamata a gano atherosclerosis na jijiyar ƙwayar cuta a matakin alamun farko kuma magani ya kamata a fara shi don kada mummunan sakamako ya bunkasa.
Sharuɗɗan bincike don atherosclerosis
Yin cikakken ganewar asali koyaushe yana farawa tare da binciken mai haƙuri.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban ilimin cututtukan cuta dalilai ne na haɗari, gano su da kawarwa yana taimakawa rage jinkirin ci gaba da cutar.
Jerin mahimman lamurra ya haɗa da gano abubuwan haɗari.
Don atherosclerosis, abubuwan haɗari sune:
- Shan taba - wannan yana yin la’akari da yawan sigari a kowace rana, harma da kwarewar shan sigari. Wannan zai kwatanta digiri da tsawon lokacin tasirin abubuwa masu haushi akan membrane na tasoshin, musamman ma tsofaffi;
- Kasancewar ko rashin ciwon sukari mellitus - haɓakar glucose na jini koyaushe yana cutar da haɓakar cutar kuma shine abin sa haɓakawa saboda lalacewar tasirin tasirin jijiya. Sau da yawa yakan haifar da nakasa;
- Matsayi na kiba, idan ba. Yawan kiba shine babban hadari ga cututtuka da yawa na cututtukan endocrine da tsarin jijiyoyin jini, irin su ciwon sukari mellitus da hauhawar jini, bi da bi;
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki da rashin motsa jiki - a cikin hadaddun galibi yakan haifar da kiba. Hakanan, a karkashin waɗannan yanayin, manyan tasoshin suna zama da bakin ciki, sun zama kamar toshe da toshiyar baki, wanda hakan kan iya kaiwa ga lalata su;
- Amfani da barasa shine ɗayan haɗari masu haɗari, saboda yana haifar da bayyanar cututtukan hanta, wanda ke aiwatar da cholesterol mai cutarwa ga jijiyoyin jini zuwa narkewa na bile acid. Ba tare da wannan ba, ana samar da filayen jigilar cholesterol a cikin hanyoyin jijiyoyi daga yawan kiba. Hakanan, waɗannan lamuran zasu iya zuwa, suna haifar da ƙoshin jijiyoyin jini. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan sune jijiyoyin huhun ciki, kuma wannan zai haifar da rashin ƙarfi daga huhu da kuma kamuwa da ciwon huhu.
Hakanan, dalilin bayyanar cutar na iya ɗaukar nauyi ta hanyar gado. Yana da kyau a gano daga mai haƙuri ko akwai yiwuwar cutar atherosclerosis a cikin iyali, tunda wannan cutar na iya zama yanayin yanayin iyali.
Kuma don tabbatar da lafiyar duk dangin, rigakafin za a iya aiwatarwa tun daga ƙuruciya.
Mataimakin hanyoyin Maganin Cututtuka
Bayan tattaunawar, dole ne mai haƙuri ya gwada gwajin gwaje-gwaje.
Don fayyace ganewar asali, likita ya ba da izinin sashi na duka gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Bayan samun sakamakon gwajin, likita zai iya tantance yuwuwar matsayin ci gaban ilimin cuta da kuma tantance bukatar yin gwajin kayan aiki.
A cikin sakamakon bincike na dakin gwaje-gwaje, likita zai iya gani:
- A cikin gwajin jini na gaba daya don atherosclerosis, ana lura da haɓakar ƙimar ƙwaƙwalwar erythrocyte da karuwa a cikin furotin na C-reactive. Wannan yana nuna wani tsari mai kumburi wanda yake tasowa cikin jiki;
- A cikin gwajin jini na kwayoyin halitta, bayanin martaba na lipid zai jawo hankali. Yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin ɓarna mai tsotsa. A yadda aka saba, adadin jimlar cholesterol yakai 5 mmol / L. tare da haɓakar atherosclerosis, wannan adadi yana ƙaruwa sosai kuma mafi girma shi ne, yayin da cutar ke ci gaba. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a kula da rabo tsakanin ƙimar lipoproteins ƙanana da babba. A yadda aka saba, na farko ya zama bai wuce 3 mmol / l ba, kuma na biyu - aƙalla 1 mmol / l. Zai fi dacewa, yawan wadataccen abinci na lipoproteins, yafi kyau, tunda suna da mallakin kwalaba “mara kyau” da kuma cire shi daga jiki;
Daga nan sai su canza zuwa hanyoyin binciken kayan aiki don tabbatarwa ko musun cutar.
Hanya mafi sauki kuma mafi tsadar farashi shine daukar hoto. Yana iya gano allunan da aka sanya allunan a cikin tasoshin kwakwalwa. Koyaya, wannan hanyar tana da mahimmancin sakewa - da farko, wannan kuskure ne a cikin hoton. Abu na biyu, idan alli bai riga ya sami lokacin da za a ajiye shi a cikin plaque ba, to cutar ba za ta nuna a fim ba. Sabili da haka, a halin yanzu, ana amfani da wannan hanyar kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
Hanyar mafi cikakken bayani ita ce angiography tare da bambanci. Ya ƙunshi gabatarwar daidaitaccen tsaka-tsaki cikin magudanar jini da kuma nuna yadda aka tabbatar da kwararar jini a allon. Kodayake ana cin zalinci, ana ɗaukar shi lafiyayyen magani a cikin zamani.
Bugu da kari, ana amfani da bincike na duban dan tayi na tasoshin kwakwalwa, musamman, a yanayin Doppler, yana taimakawa wajen gano kasancewar ko rashi a cikin filaye ba tare da shiga jiki ba.
Wannan hanya ana ɗaukar ma'aunin zinare a cikin binciken cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na atherosclerosis saboda yawan kasancewarta da aminci.
Atherosclerosis jiyya tare da kwayoyin hana daukar ciki
A cikin lura da atherosclerosis, ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban, gwargwadon mataki da cutar.
Ana yiwuwar rage matakan cholesterol ta hanyar abinci da motsa jiki a gida koyaushe, saboda a cikin 20% na lokuta ana iya sake jujjuya cutar ta amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin.
Koyaya, tare da rashin ingancin wannan dabarar, an wajabta magunguna.
Magungunan da aka yi amfani da su sun kasance kungiyoyi daban-daban na kwayoyi, amma sakamakon sakamakon haɗin gwiwa, ana samun sakamako mai kyau na warkewa.
Wadannan kayan aikin sune:
- Kwayoyi masu rage ƙwayar cholesterol, suna rushe tsarin halittarsa na jiki. Waɗannan su ne statins da fibrates, waɗanda ke hana ci gaban mevalonate a cikin hanta. Statins suna da kyau jurewa a matsayin babban jiyya, suna da 'yan sakamako masu illa. An wajabta su ga duk marasa lafiya da dalilai masu haɗari da haɓaka rikice-rikice kamar su angina pectoris, hawan jini, sanadiyyar myocardial infarction ko bugun jini don kawar da alamun su.
- Idan akwai magungunan hana daukar ciki na jini, misali, rashin jituwa ga mutum, sannan an tsara jerin abubuwan bile acid, wadanda suke rage cholesterol ta hanyar cire bile acid ta hanjin.
- Idan akwai cututtukan sukari na 2 na sukari guda biyu a cikin cututtukan haɗin gwiwa, to an tsara allunan rage sukari - waɗannan sune sulfanilamides, waɗanda ke haɓaka samar da insulin a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, da kuma biguanides, wanda ke ƙara yawan amfani da glucose mai yawa ta hanyar ƙwayar tsoka.
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da maganin bitamin. Adana maganin antioxidant na halitta a cikin nau'in bitamin E yana inganta hawan jini ta hanyar rage ayyukan hada hada abubuwa da ke cikin bango na jijiyoyin jiki.
Amfani da yadu a cikin jiyya na atherosclerosis ya sami hanyar maganin gargajiya - kayan kwalliya na ganyayyaki waɗanda ke aiki akan sabuntawar jiki.
M hanyoyin kwantar da hankali
Ana amfani da hanyoyin raddi kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
Idan yanayin ya tsananta yayin jiyya, magani ya tashi na gyaran tiyata don inganta yanayin haƙuri.
Za'a iya amfani da hanyoyin tiyata don gano cuta a cikin yanayin ci gaba a matakan karshe na haɓaka.
Hanyoyin tiyata don gyara wurare dabam dabam na jini a cikin atherosclerosis sune:
- Kartid endarterectomy ya ƙunshi aiwatar da aikin a cikin hanyar buɗe kan jirgin ruwa mai lalacewa, sakamakon wanda aka cire daskararren ƙwayar atherosclerotic daga jijiya, bayan haka yana narkewa da sanya shi a wurin;
- Angioplasty aiki ne mai rufewa, ana yin shi ta hanyar kwatantawa tare da wanda ya gabata, kawai ba tare da buɗe murfin cranium ba. An saka catheter a cikin jijiya na fitsari, an shimfiɗa shi a jirgin ruwan da aka shafa a ƙarƙashin ikon cutan angiography. Sannan an jawo matattarar atherosclerotic ta shugabanci;
- Gwanin jijiyoyin jiki - ya ƙunshi shigar da firam na murhun hypoallergenic a wurin da aka fizge jirgin. Ana ɗauka mafi ƙarancin rauni na duk waɗannan, yana da kyakkyawan sake dubawa daga marasa lafiya.
A kowane hali, koyaushe yana da kyau a hana ci gaban cutar fiye da yadda ake bi da shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sabili da haka, ya kamata ku bi shawarwarin likita game da salon rayuwa mai kyau kuma ba ku da halaye mara kyau don kula da ƙarfi da mahimmancin shekaru.
An bayyana ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
