Mutane suna ta yin amfani da maye gurbin maye gurbin sukari tun farkon karni na 20. Kuma har yanzu, rikice-rikice ba su ragu ba, waɗannan kayan abinci masu cutarwa suna da lahani ko amfani. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan ba su da lahani gaba ɗaya, kuma a lokaci guda suna ba da farin ciki a rayuwa. Amma akwai masu zafafa za su iya taɓar da lafiya, musamman masu ciwon sukari. Karanta wannan labarin kuma za ku fahimci wane madubin sukari za a iya amfani da shi, kuma waɗanne ne mafi ƙarancin darajarsu. Rarrabe tsakanin masu zahiri da na ɗan adam.
Masu zahiri na zahiri:
- xylitol;
- sihiri;
- fructose;
- stevia.
Dukkan abubuwan "na halitta", banda stevia, suna cikin adadin kuzari. Bugu da ƙari, sorbitol da xylitol sau 2.5-3 sau ƙasa da ƙoshin tebur na yau da kullun, saboda haka
lokacin amfani da su, yakamata ayi la'akari da abun cikin kalori. Marasa lafiya tare da kiba da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ba a bada shawarar ba, sai dai stevia.
Wucin gadin zaki na wucin gadi:
- aspartame;
- saccharin;
- cyclamate.
Xylitol
Ta hanyar tsarin kemikal dinsa, xylitol giya ce ta atomic 5 (pentitol). An sanya shi daga sharar katako da kuma aikin gona (cobs masara). Idan muka dauki dandano mai dadi na sukari talakawa (gwoza ko rake na sukari) a raka'a ɗaya, to, yawan zaƙin xylitol ya kasance kusa da sukari - 0.9-1.0. Energyimar kuzarinta shine 3.67 kcal / g (15.3 kJ / g). Ya juya cewa xylitol shine mai-mai-adadin kuzari.
Cokali ne mai launin fari mai launin fari tare da dandano mai daɗi ba tare da wani dandano ba, yana haifar da jin sanyi a kan harshe. Yana narkewa cikin ruwa. A cikin hanjin, ba a kwashe shi gaba ɗaya, har zuwa 62%. Yana da choleretic, laxative da - ga masu ciwon sukari - abubuwan antiketogennymi. A farkon amfani, yayin da ba a yi amfani da jiki gareshi ba, haka kuma idan ana yawan wuce gona da iri, xylitol na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa a cikin wasu marasa lafiya ta hanyar tashin zuciya, zawo, da dai sauransu Matsakaicin adadin yau da kullun shine -45 g, guda - 15 g.
Sorbitol
Barasa 6-atomic barasa (hexitol). Daidaita kalma don sorbitol ita ce sihiri. An samo shi a cikin 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace a cikin yanayi, ash dutse yana da arziki musamman a ciki. A cikin samarwa, ana amfani da glucose. Sorbitol foda ne na lu'ulu'u marasa launi na dandano mai dadi ba tare da ƙarin dandano ba, mai narkewa cikin ruwa da tsayayya wa tafasa. Yammacin mai daɗi dangane da abin da “zahirin” sukari ya fara daga 0.48 zuwa 0.54. Darajar makamashi - 3.5 kcal / g (14.7 kJ / g). Sorbitol mai zaki ne mai yawan gaske.
Yana sha a cikin hanji sau 2 a hankali fiye da glucose. An daidaita shi a cikin hanta ba tare da halartar insulin ba, inda sinadarin enzyme sorbitol dehydrogenase zuwa 1-fructose, wanda aka haɗo shi cikin glycolysis. Sorbitol yana da sakamako mai ƙwaƙwalwa da laxative. Sauya sukari tare da sorbitol a cikin abincinku yana rage lalata haƙori. A farkon amfani, yayin da ba a amfani da jiki gareshi, haka kuma tare da yawan shan ruwa, wannan mai zaki zai iya haifar da ƙonewa, tashin zuciya, zawo. Matsakaicin adadin yau da kullun shine 45 g, kashi ɗaya shine 15 g.
Fructose
Fructose yana da alaƙa tare da sukari na 'ya'yan itace, sukari na' ya'yan itace. Wata monosaccharide daga rukuni na ketohexoses. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na shuka polysaccharides da oligosaccharides. An samo shi cikin yanayi a cikin 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itãcen marmari, zuma, nectar. Ana samun Fructose ta acidic ko enzymatic hydrolysis na sucrose ko fructosans. Fructose yana da kyau fiye da sukari na yau da kullun ta hanyar sau 1.3-1.8, ƙimarsa mai ƙima shine 3.75 kcal / g. Farar farin foda ne, wanda ake narkewa cikin ruwa, a ɗan canza kayan sa yayin da aka mai da shi.
A cikin hanji, ana amfani da fructose a hankali fiye da glucose, yana ƙara ɗakunan ajiya na glycogen a cikin kyallen, kuma yana da tasirin antiketogenic. An lura cewa maye gurbin shi da sukari a cikin abincin yana haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci ga haɓaka ƙwayoyin katako. Daga cikin tasirin sakamako lokacin amfani da fructose, lokaci-lokaci kawai ana lura da ƙoshin wuta. An ba da izinin Fructose a cikin adadin har zuwa 50 g kowace rana ga marasa lafiya tare da raunin da ya kamu da cutar sankara ko kuma da nufin yin ɗimin hauhawar jini don sauƙi.
Hankali! Fructose yana ƙara yawan sukarin jini! Theauki mit ɗin ka gani da kanka. Ba mu bayar da shawarar amfani da shi don kamuwa da cutar siga ba, kamar sauran masu "zahirin halitta". Yi amfani da kayan zaki kawai.
Kada ku sayi ko ci abinci "masu ciwon sukari" waɗanda ke ɗauke da fructose. Babban amfani da wannan abu yana tare da hyperglycemia, haɓakar rage ƙwayar cutar sukari. Fructose a hankali ana aiki da shi kuma baya motsa motsa insulin. Koyaya, amfanin sa yana ƙara haɓaka ƙwayoyin sel zuwa glucose kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin ɓoye insulin.
Akwai rahotanni na mummunar sakamako na fructose akan metabolism na lipid kuma yana glycosylates sunadarai da sauri fiye da glucose. Duk wannan ya ba da shawarar bada shawarar yaduwar fructose a cikin abincin marasa lafiya. Marasa lafiya da ke dauke da cutar siga an yarda su yi amfani da fructose kawai lokacin da suke rama don kyakkyawan cuta.
Rashin rauni mai saurin haifar da enzyme na fructose diphosphataldolase yana haifar da cututtukan rashin haƙuri na fructose - fructosemia. Wannan ciwo yana bayyana kanta a cikin marasa lafiya tare da tashin zuciya, amai, yanayi na hypoglycemic, jaundice. Fructose mai tsananin contraindicated a cikin irin wannan marasa lafiya.
Stevia
Stevia wata shuka ce daga dangi Asteraceae, ɗayan sunayen wanda yake bifurcation ne mai dadi. Homelandasar haihuwar stevia ita ce Paraguay da kuma Brazil, inda aka yi amfani da ita azaman kayan zaki. A halin yanzu, stevia ta jawo hankalin masana kimiyya da masana abinci masu gina jiki a duniya. Stevia ya ƙunshi glycosides-kalori mai ɗanɗano tare da dandano mai daɗi.
Abun da aka samo daga ganyen stevia - saccharol - wani hadadden tsari ne wanda ake tsarkake glycosides. Farar farin foda ne, mai narkewa cikin ruwa, yana tsayayya da zafi. 1 g na cirewar stevia - sucrose - daidai yake da yawan zaƙi zuwa 300 g na sukari. Samun ɗanɗano mai daɗi, ba ya haifar da karuwa cikin sukari na jini, ba shi da darajar kuzari.
Binciken gwaji da kuma binciken asibiti bai bayyana illolin sakamako ba a cikin cirewar stevia. Baya ga yin azaman mai zaki, masu bincike sun lura da yawan tasirinsa masu kyau: hypotensive (lowers saukar jini), kadan diuretic sakamako, antimicrobial, antifungicidal (a kan fungi) sakamako da sauransu.
Ana amfani da Stevia azaman foda na ganye na stevia (zuma stevia). Ana iya haɗa shi a cikin dukkan jita-jita inda ake amfani da sukari bisa al'ada, a cikin kayan kwalliya. 1/3 teaspoon na stevia foda yayi daidai da 1 teaspoon na sukari. Don shirya 1 kopin shayi mai zaki, ana bada shawara a zuba 1/3 teaspoon na foda tare da ruwan zãfi kuma barin for 5-10 minti.
Za'a iya shirya jiko (tattarawa) daga foda: 1 teaspoon na foda an zuba shi a cikin gilashin ruwan zãfi kuma a mai da shi a cikin wanka na ruwa na mintina 15, sanyaya a zazzabi a cikin dakin, a tace. An ƙara jiko Stevia zuwa compotes, teas, samfurin kiwo don dandana.
Aspartame
Yana da maganin asfirin acid ester dipeptide da L-phenylalanine. Farar farin gari ne, mai narkewa cikin ruwa. Rashin daidaituwa ne kuma yana rasa dandano mai daɗin ci lokacin hydrolysis. Aspartame yana sau 150-200 mafi kyau fiye da sucrose. Caloimar ta mai ƙyalli ita ce sakaci, idan aka baiwa kaɗan da ake amfani da su. Yin amfani da aspartame yana hana haɓakar likitan hakori. Idan aka haɗu da saccharin, ƙanshi mai daɗin rai yana inganta.
An samar da Aspartame a ƙarƙashin sunan Slastilin, a cikin kwamfutar hannu guda ɗaya ya ƙunshi 0.018 g na kayan aiki mai aiki. Safearancin allurai na yau da kullun na aspartame suna da yawa - har zuwa 50 mg / kg nauyin jiki. An sarrafa shi cikin phenylketonuria. A cikin marasa lafiya da cutar ta Parkinson, da kuma waɗanda ke fama da rashin bacci, hauhawar jini, hauhawar jini, aspartame na iya fara aiwatar da halayen halayen jijiyoyi daban-daban.
Saccharin
Kalamai ne na sulfobenzoic acid. Ana amfani da farin gishirin sodium, foda yana narkewa a ruwa. Dadi mai daɗin daɗinsa yana haɗuwa da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci mai ɗaci mai daɗewa, wanda aka cire tare da haɗuwa da saccharin da dextrose buffer. Lokacin tafasa, saccharin ya sami ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, saboda haka an narke cikin ruwa kuma an ƙara bayani akan abincin da aka gama. 1 g na saccharin don zaki yana dacewa da 450 g na sukari.
A matsayin mai zaki da aka yi amfani da shi kusan shekara 100 kuma an fahimci shi sosai. A cikin hanji, kashi 80 zuwa 90% na miyagun ƙwayoyi suna haɗuwa kuma suna tarawa cikin babban taro a cikin kyallen kusan dukkanin gabobin jiki. An ƙirƙiri mafi girman hankali a cikin mafitsara. Wannan tabbas mai yiwuwa ne dalilin da yasa ciwon daji na mafitsara ya bunkasa a cikin dabbobi masu gwaji tare da saccharin. Koyaya, binciken da ya biyo baya daga Medicalungiyar Likitocin Amurka ya ba da damar sake yin maganin, yana nuna cewa ba shi da lahani ga humansan Adam.
Yanzu an yi imani cewa marasa lafiya ba tare da lalacewar hanta da kodan na iya cinye saccharin har zuwa 150 MG / rana ba, kwamfutar hannu 1 ta ƙunshi 12-25 mg. Ana cire Saccharin daga jiki ta hanjin kodan a cikin fitsari bai canza ba. Rabin rayuwar daga jinin gajere ne - 20-30 na mintuna. 10-20% na saccharin, ba su cikin hanji ba, sun keɓe cikin jijiya ba canzawa.
Baya ga sakamako mai rauni mai rauni, an lasafta saccharin tare da ikon murƙushe abubuwan haɓaka na epidermal. A wasu ƙasashe, ciki har da Ukraine, ba a amfani da saccharin da tsabta. Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin adadi kaɗan a hade tare da sauran masu zaki, alal misali, 0.004 g na saccharin tare da 0.04 g na cyclamate (“Tsukli”). Matsakaicin yawan saccharin yau da kullun shine 0.0025 g a 1 kg na nauyin jiki.
Cyclamate
Gishirin sodium ne na cyclohexylaminosulfate. Furare ne mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, mai narkewa cikin ruwa. Cyclamate yana da kimantawa har zuwa zafin jiki na 260 ° C. Ya fi sau 30-25 daɗi fiye da sucrose, kuma a cikin maganganun da ke ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin Organic (a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, alal misali), sau 80 masu daɗi. Ana amfani dashi sau da yawa a cikin cakuda tare da saccharin (rabo na yau da kullun shine 10: 1, alal misali, maye gurbin sukari Tsukli). Magungunan amintattu sune 5-10 MG kowace rana.
Kashi 40% na cyclamate ne kawai ke shiga cikin hanji, bayan shi, kamar saccharin, ya tara cikin kyallen yawancin sassan jiki, musamman a cikin mafitsara. Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin, daidai ga saccharin, cyclamate ya haifar da ciwacewar mafitsara a cikin dabbobi na gwaji. Bugu da kari, an lura da sakamako na gonadotoxic a cikin gwajin.
Mun sanya sunan mafi yawan abubuwan zaki. A halin yanzu, akwai duk sabbin nau'ikan da za a iya amfani da su wajen maganin masu cutar siga tare da karancin kalori ko abinci mai ƙarancin carb. Dangane da amfani, stevia yana fitowa a saman, tare da Allunan tare da cakuda cyclamate da saccharin. Ya kamata a lura cewa masu zaki ba abubuwa bane masu mahimmanci ga mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari. Babban burin su shine gamsar da halayen haƙuri, da inganta abinci, da kuma kusancin yanayin lafiyar mutane masu lafiya.
