Babban tasirin sakamako na glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids aji ne na kwayoyin halittu waɗanda ke aiki sosai a cikin ayyukan halayyar jikin mutum.

Wannan abu yana da tasiri iri-iri akan jiki, musamman yayin yanayi na damuwa, rawar jiki, bayan samun raunin daban daban, haka kuma idan an rasa jini.

Abubuwan da ke tallafawa na abubuwan glucocorticoids ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin magungunan zamani. Tare da wannan, glucocorticoids suna da sakamako masu illa, wani lokacin mai mahimmanci kuma yana haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin aiki na jiki.

Don fahimtar tsarin abin da ya faru na sakamako masu illa, ya zama dole a yi la’akari da algorithm na tasirin kwayoyi dangane da wannan kwayar halittar a jikin mutum.

Hanyar aikin

A halin yanzu, masu samar da magunguna suna samar da fiye da dozin daban-daban magunguna, babban abu mai aiki wanda shine kwayoyin halittar jini - glucocorticoids. Dukkansu suna shafar jikin mutum a matakin salula.

Kwayar ta samu shiga cikin tantanin halitta kyauta ta hanyar membrane kuma tana ma'amala da masu karɓar wani nau'in.

Nisantar glucocorticoids yana haifar da samar da nau'in furotin na musamman wanda ke shafar wasu sassan jikin mutum. Don haka, kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke shafar amsawar rigakafi da haɓakar kumburi suna aiki.

Kunnuwar kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da tsari na waɗannan karewar halitta na jiki, kuma a sakamakon haka, zuwa raguwa a cikin hanyoyin kumburi da wasu hanawar garkuwar ɗan adam, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon raguwar samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da farin ƙwayoyin jini. Kuma tare da wuce haddi na glucocorticoids a cikin jini, an lalata aikin ACTH.

A lokaci guda, ƙananan allurai na glucocorticoid da aka samar ta jiki ko aka shigo da su daga waje suna da tasirin immunostimulating.

Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon haɓakar macrophages - sel na musamman na jiki waɗanda zasu iya kamawa da narke barbashi na waje ga jiki, gami da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Bugu da kari, saboda samar da catecholamines, hawan jini ya tashi. A lokaci guda, tasoshin da ke kunkuntar, ganuwar su ta zama ƙasa-ƙasa, kuma ana kunna aikin hanta. Wannan haɗin yana haifar da rigakafin girgiza da sakamako mai guba a jiki.

Wadannan kwayoyin kuma suna shafar tsarin rarrabuwar kitse, kuma irin wannan tasirin yana faruwa ne bisa zabi. Don haka, an inganta lipolysis a cikin kasusuwa na gabar jiki, wanda ke ba da izinin tsokoki na hannu da kafafu na mutum ya sami ƙarin makamashi. A lokaci guda, rushewar kitse a wasu sassan jikin mutum an hana shi.

Yin hulɗa tare da wasu kwayoyin

Glucocorticoids yana tasiri sosai ga ikon jikin mutum don yin hulɗa tare da sauran kwayoyin halittar jiki da kuma samar da jiki na waɗannan kwayoyin.

Don haka, suna rage karfin hanta wajen samar da wani yanayi, yayin da suke rage karfin kyallen takarda don daukar wannan sinadari.

Glucocorticoids yana rage ayyukan glandar thyroid, kuma yana sanya jiki ya zama mai saukin kamuwa da kwayoyin hodar iblis.

Wannan rukuni na steroids shima yana da tasirin iska. Ba tare da hana samar da insulin kai tsaye ba, glucocorticoids ya rage yiwuwar sel zuwa wannan hormone. Wannan kayan yana ba da damar kula da homeostasis tare da yawan wuce haddi na ƙwayar insulin a cikin yanayin rashin glucose jini.

Yana tare da rikitarwa da bambancin tasiri cewa tasirin sakamako wanda ke faruwa lokacin ɗaukar magungunan glucocorticoid suna haɗuwa.

Side sakamako

Sakamakon sakamako na glucocorticoids ya kasu kashi na tsari da na gida. Jerin tasirin sakamako na yankin yana da iyakantacce kuma yana faruwa ne idan akwai inhalation na shirye-shiryen da ke tattare da wannan hormone ko kuma sakamakon amfani da ciki.

Sakamakon sakamako na ciki na glucocorticoids an bayyana cikin:

• bayyanar itching a cikin sinuses;
• hancinsa
• rashin jin daɗi a cikin nasopharynx;
• lalacewar ƙwayar cutar nasopharyngeal.

A sakamakon shan ƙwayoyi na miyagun ƙwayoyi, tari, dysphonia, da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayar bakin mutum na iya faruwa. Jerin tasirin sakamako masu illa yana da yawa kuma ya kasu kashi biyu na jikin mutum ne yake shan wahala sakamakon shan wadannan magungunan na steroid.

Magungunan suna hana aikin adrenal aiki. Hadarin yana kan gaskiyar cewa aikin wannan gland din an dawo dashi a hankali - glandon adrenal na iya kasancewa cikin yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali na watanni da yawa bayan shafe magungunan steroid. Mayar da glucocorticoids yana da haɗari saboda rashi na wannan hormone sakamakon mutum ya shiga cikin yanayin damuwa ko bayan raunin, wanda zai iya haifar da haɗari ga rayuwar mai haƙuri.

Adrenal gland

A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, tashin hankali mai ɗaukar ciki, da haɓaka ta hanyar cire glucocorticoids, yana haifar da ƙi, rashin ci, nauyi, har ma da zazzabi. Amma babban haɗari yana faruwa ne ta hanyar hypotension a ƙarƙashin tasirin canji na hormonal, wanda yake da wuya a magance shi tare da magungunan hauhawar al'ada.

Shan magungunan glucocorticoid na haifar da haifar da matsalar cututtukan cututtukan fata, don haka doguwar jiyya na iya haifar da mummunan haɗarin cutar endocrine - ciwon sukari .. Wani tasirin halayyar amfani da manyan magunguna na tushen glucocorticoid shine raguwar rigakafi.

Jikin mutumin da yake ɗaukar manyan allurai na steroids yana da tsayayyen tsayayya da cututtuka, musamman cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.. Cutar cututtuka ce da ke haifar da mutuƙar irin waɗannan masu haƙuri.

Sakamakon murkushewar rigakafi, kamuwa da cuta ta gida na iya juya zuwa tsari na yau da kullun, sannan ana kunna microflora na "bacci" na aiki. Gaskiya ne gaskiyar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya kasancewa cikin yanayin rashin aiki a jikin ɗan adam tsawon shekaru ko ma shekarun da suka gabata.

Idan mara lafiyar yana nuna haɓakar hawan jini, yin amfani da magunguna na iya haifar da hauhawar jini saboda ƙuntataccen tsarin tasoshin jini. Irin wannan cutar tana haɓaka cikin hanzari kuma yana da wuya a bi da tare da magungunan antihypertensive na kowa.

Kwayoyin jini

Yin amfani da glucocorticoids na iya haifar da ƙarar jini. Musamman masu haɗarin gaske shine haɓakar jijiyoyin jini thrombosis da kuma mummunar raunin jini.

Shan steroids, musamman ma a cikin manyan allurai, ya cutar da yanayin jijiyar ciki. Abubuwan da ke aiki da magungunan na iya haifar da cututtukan pancreatitis da zub da jini na narkewa. Idan baka kula sosai da irin waɗannan alamu ba, cututtukan hanji da na ciki na iya haɓaka. Hakanan yana yiwuwa ci gaban mai narkewar ƙwayoyin hanta.

A karkashin tasirin glucocorticoids wuce haddi, raguwa a yawa da taro na kwarangwal din mutum shima yana faruwa. Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon koyon ƙwayoyin alli daga ƙwayoyin tsoka kuma yana haifar da mummunan sakamako. Wani lokacin shan irin waɗannan kwayoyi suna kaiwa ga bayyanar matsawa na ƙasusuwa da dama. Musamman sau da yawa, irin wannan sakamako yana faruwa akan asalin menopause da rashin abinci mai gina jiki.

Gashinan hangen nesa na iya fuskantar lahani na ainihi daga glucocorticoids - akwai haɗarin rage acuity na gani, haɓakar glaucoma har ma da cataracts.

Sau da yawa ana samun hauhawar ƙwayar ciki, yana haifar da nakasawar gani da ciwon kai.

Maganin steroid masu wuce haddi na wannan nau'in suna farantawa tsarin juyayi. An bayyana wannan a cikin abin da ya faru na rashin bacci, rashin jin daɗi, tabin hankali. Sau da yawa akwai rikicewar bacci, karuwar tashin hankali, rashin lalacewa.

Bugu da kari, za'a iya samun rashin daidaituwa a cikin lokacin haila da aikin jima'i, riƙewar ruwa da edema, saurin yawan nauyin jiki, har zuwa kiba. A cikin yara da matasa, kwayoyi na iya haifar da ƙarancin ci gaba da haɓaka, da dakatar da yanayin samartaka, da tsoka. Sauran alamun da ke nuna tasirin sakamako na glucocorticoids na iya faruwa.

Perarfafawa na glucocorticoids shine karuwa a yawan masu karɓa da halayyar su zuwa ga abubuwan da ke aiki da jijiyoyin jiki.

Yawan damuwa

Koyaya, gudanar da haɗari na kashi na Ultraigh na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako ga mai haƙuri. Mafi yawan abubuwan da suka zama ruwan dare game da yawan abin sama da ya shafa yana da alaƙa da riƙe ruwa a jiki da take hakkin sodium - ma'aunin potassium.

A cikin abin da ya haifar da ciwon kai, cututtukan Itsenko-Cushing yana haɓaka, edema, leaching na potassium, da hauhawar jini. Wasu lokuta kuma akwai halayen da ba a so na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ci gaban psychosis, tashin zuciya mai lalacewa, bugun zuciya.

Da wuya, yawan yawan glucocorticoids yana haɗuwa da jin zafi a ciki - colic, ƙwannafi. Waɗannan abubuwan mamaki suna haɗuwa da tashin zuciya, wani lokacin - amai. Game da yawan shaye-shaye, an daina dakatar da magunguna na ɗan lokaci, kazalika da tasirin magani wanda ke dakatar da alamun rashin jin daɗi. Ba a yi niyya da maganin yawan ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta ba.

Karancin sakamako

Ba kamar yawan wuce haddi ba, sakamakon sakamako na glucocorticoids yana buƙatar kulawa mafi kusa daga kwararru.

Matakan da suka dace kuma wadanda suka dace da nufin rage tasirin sakamako zai iya inganta yanayin rayuwa da kuma kiyaye lafiyar mai haƙuri.

Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana yin tsari mai laushi da sakin magani. Ana magance rauni na rigakafi ta hanyar kulawa, ana iya rage haɗarin cutar ta hanyar yin rigakafi da magani na tilas.

Amfani da shirye-shiryen alli, hadaddun bitamin, da bitamin D daban, ana nuna thiazal diuretics. A wasu halaye, ana amfani da gudanarwar insulin da diphosphonates.

Bidiyo masu alaƙa

Muhimmancin glucocorticosteroids (glucocorticoids) a cikin ilimin zamani:

Gabaɗaya, tasirin sakamako na glucocorticoids shine sabon abu da aka saba da haɗari. Sabili da haka, madaidaicin sashi, tsarin da aka zaɓa daidai da maganin cututtukan sakamako sune matakan da suka wajaba a cikin lura da wannan rukuni na kwayoyi. Hakanan yana da matuƙar kyawawa don bin tsarin cin abinci, abubuwan yau da kullun da kuma kasancewar matakin da ya wajaba na motsa jiki.