Waɗanne rikice-rikice ne ciwon sukari ke haifar wa mutum?

Tsarin glucose na jini ya ba da yawa ga jijiyoyin bugun jini da na jijiyoyin jiki, wanda hakan ke haifar da sakamako wanda ba zai yiwu ba a kusan dukkanin tsokar jikin mutum, gami da gabobin jiki masu mahimmanci. Don hana rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari, an wajabta wa marasa lafiya magani da wuri-wuri don daidaita glucose.

Baya ga glycemia, matakin hawan jini da abubuwan gado har ila yau suna shafar yawan rikice-rikice. A cikin wasu marasa lafiya da rashin isasshen iko na glycemic, rikice-rikice sun fara shekaru da yawa daga baya, amma yawancin masu ciwon sukari suna fuskantar su a cikin shekaru 5 na rashin lafiya. Nau'in cuta na 2, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana gano cewa ya yi latti lokacin da matsalolin farko suka fara a cikin marasa lafiya.

Menene nau'ikan rikitarwa a cikin ciwon sukari?

Rikici na ciwon sukari galibi ana kasu kashi biyu ne - na kai da na marigayi. Yanayin marassa nauyi sun haɗa da yanayin ci gaba sama da tsawon awanni, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, sama da kwanaki da yawa. Dalilin su yana da ƙarancin sukari ko mai girma a cikin jirgi. A dukkan halayen guda biyu, canje-canje da yawa a cikin aikin metabolism da aikin sashin jiki yana farawa, rashin daidaituwa ya faru, sannan kuma sakamako mai kisa. Ga mai haƙuri bukatar likita na gaggawamayar da ayyukan jiki a cikin ɓangaren kulawa mai zurfi.

Ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini zai zama abin da ya wuce

• Normalization na sukari -95%
• Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 70%
• Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya -90%
• Rabu da cutar hawan jini - 92%
• Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare -97%

Matsalolin da suka biyo baya suna tara shekaru da yawa, sanadin lalataccen ciwon sukari. A sama da matsakaita na jini sugar, da more na rayayye cuta ci gaba. Rashin rikicewar yana aiki a cikin ƙoshin jijiya da tasoshin a cikin macro da matakan micro. Da farko dai, aikin gabobin jiki sun lalace: kodan da idanuwa. A ƙarshe, mai ciwon sukari yana tattara duka "bunch" na cututtukan cututtukan fata: daga nephropathy zuwa ƙafar masu ciwon sukari. A cikin yara, yawancin rikice-rikice suna bayyana ne a lokacin balaga.

M rikice-rikice a cikin masu ciwon sukari

Ba wai kawai mai ciwon sukari ba, har ma dangi ya kamata su san yiwuwar zaɓuɓɓuka don rikitarwa masu mawuyacin hali. A cikin kowane hali, waɗannan su ne coma. Ana haifar da su ko dai ta hanyar mummunar ƙonewa na ciwon sukari mellitus (hyperosmolar da ketoacidotic coma), ko kuma yawan adadin ƙwayar cutar hypoglycemic (hypoglycemic coma), ko kuma ƙaddamar da lactate mai yawa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwan waje (lactic acidosis coma). Ba koyaushe ba zai yiwu a gane rikice-rikice masu rauni a matakin farko. Yayin da yanayin yanayin ke ƙaruwa, mai haƙuri ya yi sauri ya tafi, yana buƙatar taimakon wasu.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia a cikin mutane masu lafiya ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin raguwar sukari a ƙasa da 2.6 idan alamun halayen sun kasance: tashin hankali, rawar jiki, yunwar ciki, ciwon kai, gumi mai aiki, rashin iya maida hankali. Idan waɗannan alamun ba su nan, 2.2 mmol / L ana ɗauka muhimmin matakin ƙima ne. Tare da ciwon sukari, tsinkaye na hypoglycemia na iya lalacewa. Marasa lafiya, sau da yawa suna fama da saukad da sukari, ba koyaushe suna jin su. Hakanan, tare da karuwar glucose a koyaushe, ana iya jin alamun yayin da sukari ya faɗi zuwa 5. Tare da maganin ƙwayar cuta, an tashe glycemia zuwa ƙarancin 3.3.

Ana ɗaukar rauni na hypoglycemia a matsayin waɗanda suka sami damar dakatar da haƙuri akan kansu, ba tare da la'akari da matakin sukari da tsananin alamun ba. Kowane nau'in mai ciwon sukari na haɗuwa da su a kalla sau ɗaya a mako, koda kuwa an rama cutar.

Rashin rikicewar hypoglycemic mai haɗari ya haɗa da yanayin da masu ciwon sukari ke buƙatar taimakon baƙin. 4% na marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari suna mutuwa daga mummunan hypoglycemia. A mafi yawan lokuta, sanadin mutuwa ba yunwa ce ta kwakwalwa ba (sakamako ne na rashin karancin glucose a cikin tasoshin), sai dai abubuwanda suka danganci: maye, bugun zuciya, tashin zuciya, thrombosis. Matsakaicin mummunan cututtukan jini: nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 - 0.08-0.14 a kowace shekara ga mutum, nau'in 2 - 0.03-0.11.

Fara >> Abin da za a yi da hypoglycemia - taimakon farko

Cutar Ketoacidotic

Ketoacidosis yana haɓaka saboda mummunar ƙin ciwon sukari. Alamomin sa sune sukarin jini (> 13.9), jikin ketone a cikin fitsari (> ++) da jini (> 5), acidosis metabolic (jini pH <7.3), ƙarancin sani a matakai daban-daban. Yayin rayuwa, ketoacidotic coma yana haɓaka a cikin 1-6% na masu ciwon sukari, marasa lafiya da sukari mai yawa na cikin haɗari mafi girma. Daga cikin ƙananan maganganu na hyperglycemic, ketoacidotic ya zama ruwan dare fiye da sauran, 90% na marasa lafiya da aka yarda da kulawa mai zurfi na iya samun ceto. Hadarin mutuwa ya yi yawa a cikin mutane masu fama da rikicewar cututtukan sukari da sauran cututtukan da ke haɗuwa da juna.

Fara >> Coma na Ketoacidotic - alamomi da magani

Hyperosmolar coma

Cutar hyperglycemia mai zurfi shine kuma sanadin wannan rikitarwa, amma rikice-rikice na rayuwa suna haɓaka ta wata hanya dabam. Ketosis da acidosis a cikin marasa lafiya ba su nan, yawan sukari ya tashi zuwa 35 mmol / l kuma mafi girma, osmolarity na jini (ƙima) yana ƙaruwa, kuma zazzagewa mai zafi ya fara.

Hyperosmolar coma sau 10 ba ta saba da ketoacidotic. Marasa lafiya haƙuri ne tsofaffi mutum da ciwon sukari na 2. Abubuwan haɗari sune mata, cututtuka masu yaduwa. Kashi uku na marasa lafiya a cikin mahaifa ba su da masaniyar cewa suna da ciwon sukari.

Wannan rikitarwa yana da matukar wahala a gano a matakin farko, tunda mai ciwon sukari yana da alamun cutar yawan sukari da bushewa. Ba shi yiwuwa a hango ko yaya yanayin rikicewar metabolism ya fara tasowa. Sakamakon maras kyau tare da ƙwayar hyperosmolar sun zama ruwan dare fiye da na ketoacidotic coma: matsakaicin mace-mace shine 12-15%, idan an fara magani a matsanancin mataki - har zuwa 60%.

Game da coma hyperosmolar - //diabetiya.ru/oslozhneniya/giperosmolyarnaya-koma.html

Cutar HyperlactacPs

A cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari, lactates na iya tarawa cikin jini. Waɗannan samfurori ne na rayuwa wanda a cikin mutane masu lafiya ke da hanta ta cinye shi a kan kari. Idan saboda wasu dalilai wannan tsari ba zai yiwu ba, lactic acidosis yana haɓaka. Ana nuna rikicewar ta babban matakin lactic acid a cikin tasoshin, babban bambancin anionic. Fitsari yawanci ba ya nan. Lokacin da lactic acidosis ya shiga cikin matsanancin mataki, dukkanin nau'ikan metabolism suna rushewa, maye yana farawa.

Hyma na rigakafin ƙwayar cuta (lactic acidotic) coma shine mafi yawan nau'in coma. Rikici yana faruwa a cikin 0.06% na masu ciwon sukari, ga yawancin marasa lafiya (bisa ga ƙididdigar daban-daban, daga 50 zuwa 90%), yana ƙare mutuwa. Tare da nau'in cuta na 2, haɗarin lactic acidosis yana ƙaruwa:

• yawan adadin sukari na metformin;
• lalata kwayar cutar sankara;
• barasa;
• babban aiki na jiki;
• hepatic, cardiac, koda ko gazawar numfashi;
• anemia
• tsufa.

Yawancin abubuwan da ake gabatarwa a lokaci guda, mafi girman yiwuwar lactic acidosis.

Late rikitarwa a cikin masu ciwon sukari

Tare da raunin cutar mellitus mai raunin marasa lafiya, rikice-rikice a cikin tasoshin da jijiyoyin jijiya a hankali suna haɓaka. Sakamakon haka, sassan jikin mutum da dukkanin gabobin an hana su abinci na yau da kullun, cututtuka na kullum suna tashi wanda ke lalata rayuwar marasa lafiya, yana haifar da nakasa da mutuwa. Irin waɗannan rikice-rikice masu ciwon sukari ana kiransu marigayi, saboda haɓaka su na buƙatar shekaru, ko ma shekarun da suka gabata. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana gano alamun farko na rikice-rikice shekaru 5 bayan farkon cutar. Mafi kyawun sarrafa glucose, rikicewar cututtukan sukari zai fara daga baya.

Bayanin rikice-rikice na gaba sun kasu kashi uku manyan, kowannensu yana haifar da ci gaba da cututtukan cututtukan daji da yawa:

• microvascular
• ma'asari
• jijiya.

Rikicin microvascular

Includesungiyar ta haɗa da microangiopathies masu ciwon sukari. Waɗannan raunuka ne daga cikin ƙananan tasoshin jikinmu: capillaries, venules da arterioles. Ana samun microangiopathies kawai a cikin masu ciwon sukari, babu wani cuta da ke haifar da irin wannan cuta.

Babban dalilin rikicewar microvascular shine canji a bangon jijiyoyin jini a ƙarƙashin tasirin glycation, wanda hakan ya dogara da matakin sukari a cikin jini. Excessarin yalwar juji da karuwar abun cikin jini, halayyar nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, yana haɓaka ci gaban cutar. Sakamakon haka, ganuwar jijiyoyin jini na haɓaka sosai, shimfiɗa, bakin ciki, da basur na lokaci-lokaci. Rashin kula da sabbin jiragen ruwa, wanda ba tare da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki shima zai rushe da sauri.

Idan ba a dakatar da wannan tsari cikin lokaci ba, muhimman gabobin zasu iya zama ba tare da samar da jini ba. Rikicin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da farko yana lalata retina da na koda na koda ne.

Rikicewar Macrovascular

Macroangiopathies sakamako ne na atherosclerosis, wanda ke faruwa ba kawai ga masu ciwon sukari ba. Ko ta yaya, wadannan rikice-rikice za a iya danganta su da masu ciwon sukari, tunda suna faruwa sau 3.5 sau da yawa tare da rikice-rikice na metabolism metabolism. Sakamakon cutar macroangipathy shine cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin jini, rashin iya aiki na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, ischemia cerebral, bugun jini.

Abubuwan da ke kara haɗarin rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki:

• tsawon lokacin ciwon sukari;
• hyperglycemia, matakin GH> 6% yana da mahimmanci;
• juriya insulin;
• haɓaka matakan insulin halayyar nau'in ciwon sukari na 2;
• hauhawar jini
• take hakkin jingina na lipids a cikin jini;
• matsanancin nauyi;
• tsufa;
• shan taba da barasa;
• gado.

Neuropathy

Ciwon sukari wanda yake haifar da cutar sankara shima sakamakon sakamako ne na karuwar cutar glycemia. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar sukari, tsarin tsakiya ko na gefe yana aiki. A gaban microangiopathy a cikin tasoshin da ke bauta wa jijiyoyin, jijiyar raunin da sauri.

Wannan rikitarwa yana da takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka: numbness, kona, goosebumps, ƙananan ƙarshen hankali. Bsasan ƙananan ƙafa sune farkon waɗanda zasu wahala, tare da ci gaban rikice-rikice, hannaye, ciki, da kirji na masu ciwon sukari na iya shafawa.

Jin zafi tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na iya hana mutum bacci na al'ada, yana haifar da matsananciyar damuwa. Tana zubar da haƙuri a zahiri; a lokuta masu rikitarwa, opioids kawai zasu iya kawar da ita. Take hakkin hankali yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa mai ciwon sukari baya jin raunin raunin, ƙonewa, scuffs kuma yana fara magani kawai da kamuwa da raunuka. Bugu da ƙari, tare da ciwon sukari, ƙarfin farfadowa da kyallen takarda yana raguwa. Tare tare da angiopathy, neuropathy na iya haifar da lalacewar ƙwayar nama har zuwa necrosis. Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan rikice-rikice suna tasowa a kan soles na ƙafa (ƙafafun ciwon sukari).

Ba shi yiwuwa a hango ko hasashen aikin wane sashin jiki zai tsoma baki tare da maganin ƙwayoyin cuta. Dizziness, arrhythmias, matsalolin narkewa, urination, kaciya, gumi, da sauran matsaloli masu yawa na iya faruwa.

Rashin rikitarwa na kullum

Angiopathy da neuropathy suna haifar da cututtuka daban-daban. Duk wani sashin jiki ko shafin nama zai iya lalacewa a cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus. Idanu, kodan da ƙafafu sukan sha wahala da farko.

Mafi yawan rikitarwa na yau da kullun:

Siffofin haɓakar rikice-rikice a cikin nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2

Statisticsididdigar Rasha game da rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari, tebur ya nuna bayanan don 2016 da aka samo daga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.

Abubuwan sha'awar wannan tebur ba a ƙaddara su ba, tunda ana nuna rikice-rikice an riga an nuna su anan. Ana iya gano ɓarna da wuri kawai tare da cikakken jarrabawa, wanda ba kowane mai haƙuri zai iya ba.

Nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari yana da dalilai da yawa waɗanda ke kara haɗarin rikice-rikice: tsufa, kiba, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar jini mai rauni. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya ba sa yarda da wannan ƙididdigar da ke sama. Suna da yakinin cewa lafiyar marasa lafiya da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 1 ana iya sarrafa su, yayin da aka gano rikice-rikice na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a ƙarshen zamani.

Nau'in cuta ta 2 bazai iya bayyana ba na dogon lokaci, amma rikice-rikice sun fara haɓaka riga a cikin lokacin ciwon suga. Kafin gano cutar ta dauki tsawon shekaru 5. Don gano ciwon sukari da farko, lokacin binciken likita na lokaci-lokaci, yawan yaƙin ya ɗauki gwajin glucose. Wannan binciken zai taimaka wajen gano cututtukan ciwon sukari na yanzu, amma ba yanayin da suka gabata ba. Za'a iya gano cuta ta farko da ke tattare da cututtukan carbohydrate tare da taimakon gwajin haƙuri na glucose, wanda ba a haɗa shi da shirin gwajin asibiti ba, kuma dole ne ku ɗauka da kanku.

Yin rigakafin rikitarwa - yadda za a hana

Yana da daraja a tuna cewa ciwon sukari na tasowa da rikice-rikice kawai tare da sukari mai yawa. Ba mai ciwon sukari ba ne kawai zai iya guje wa hauhawar jini, amma kowa na iya rage adadin su.

Don samun rama mafi kyawun ciwon sukari, ana buƙatar gyaran magani:

1. Canja cikin abinci mai gina jiki. Portananan rashi, rashin carbohydrates mai sauri, abun da ke cikin tunani da kuma adadin kuzari na abinci shine muhimmin mataki ga sukari na al'ada.
2. Aiki na Jiki. M m - 3 darussan na 1 awa a mako. Motsa jiki na yau da kullun zai inganta diyya na ciwon sukari.
3. Kulawar glycemic na yau da kullun. An gano matakan sukari akai-akai don haɓakar da haƙuri ga magani da taimakawa ƙananan matakan haemoglobin.
4. Kada kuji tsoron kara yawan allunan a cikin iyakokin da umarnin ya ba su. Tashin hankali saboda yawan sukari yana da haɗari sosai fiye da sakamako masu illa.
5. Idan wakilai na hypoglycemic ba su ba da glycemia na al'ada, ana buƙatar insulin. Mafi kyawun kula da masu ciwon sukari yanzu ana ba da su ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin kula da insulin tare da analogues na insulin da famfo na insulin.

Za a iya magance matakin farko na rikitarwa gaba daya. Sannan ya zo ne kawai ga rigakafin ci gaban cututtukan da ake da su.