Ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin yara: sanadin ci gaba

Cutar sankarau a cikin yara an gano cewa wani mummunan cuta ce. Ya koma matsayi na biyu a matakin yaduwar cutar tsakanin sauran cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan daji. Ciwon sukari a cikin yara na iya zama matsala mafi girma fiye da ƙara yawan glucose a cikin manya. Bugu da kari, irin wannan yarinyar tana da matukar wahala kuma tana da matsala don daidaitawa tsakanin takwarorinta.

Wadancan iyayen da yaransu ke fama da ciwon sukari na 1 dole ne su dace da cutar kuma su kula da yaran su sosai, saboda yana da wahala a gare shi ya zauna da irin wannan cutar.

Alamar kamuwa da cutar sankarau a cikin yara

Ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin yara yana nuna alamun hanzari. Alamun farkon ci gaban cutar na iya ƙaruwa a cikin 'yan makonni. Idan an gano aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin alamun bayyanar, to, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi likita don gwajin cancantar duk jikin yaron da ƙaddamar da duk gwaje-gwajen da suka dace a cikin irin wannan yanayin.

Idan dangi suna da na musamman da na'urar don auna sukari jini - glucose, to, ga masu farawa zai isa a auna matakin glucose da safe akan komai a ciki, sannan bayan cin abinci.

Babban alamun cututtukan sukari a cikin yara shine farkon jin ƙishirwa. Ga masu ciwon sukari na marasa lafiya 1, muradin shaye shaye shine halaye. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon gaskiyar matakin sukari ya tashi, jiki kuma a lokaci guda ya fara zazzage ruwa a jikin kwayoyin halitta da kyallen takarda domin yatsar glucose din. Yaron zai so ya sha kowane ruwa a manyan isa. Zai iya zama tsaftataccen ruwa mai tsafta, da kuma abubuwan sha daban-daban.

Alamar siye ta biyu na farkon cutar za ta zama sau da yawa urination, saboda saboda yawan zubar ruwa mai yawa, tsarin halitta na cirewa yana faruwa. Saboda wannan dalili ne cewa mara lafiya yaro koyaushe yana son zuwa bayan gida. Bugu da kari, ya kamata iyaye su farga da gaskiyar cewa yarinyar da aka bayyana da dare, idan ba a lura da wannan ba.

Zai dace da ƙararrawa a cikin yanayi inda ɗan yaro ko ɗan sauri da kuma asarar nauyi. Idan yaro yana da ciwon sukari, to, jikinsa zai fara rasa ƙarfi da ikon yin amfani da glucose don makamashi. Sakamakon haka, ƙarar jikinsu da kitsen jikinsu suna ƙonewa. Madadin ɗaukar nauyi, yaron yana rasa shi kuma yana yin asara mai nauyi.

Bugu da kari, yawan jin gajiya zai zama wata alama mai nuna alama game da ciwon sukari. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon karancin insulin a cikin jiki da kuma rashin iya canza glucose zuwa makamashi. Dukkanin gabobin da kyallen takarda sun fara fama da karancin man fetur kuma suna ba wa jikin siginar da ta dace, wanda ke bayyana ta kullun jin gajiya da rushewa.

Wata alama ta farkon cutar za ta kasance mai jin kai da nutsuwa a koyaushe. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, abinci baya iya wadatarwa sosai kuma jiki ba ya cikawa. A saboda wannan dalili, yaro yana fama da yunwa koyaushe, har ma da abinci mai yawa. A wasu halaye, ana lura da sabanin sakamako - ci yana ɓacewa, wanda ke zama alamar ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari. Waɗannan nau'ikan yanayi suna da haɗari sosai ga rayuwar yarinyar, saboda sun zama babban rikitarwa yayin cutar.

Idan yaro ya lalace hangen nesa, to wannan na iya zama kararrawa ta farko wacce iyaye zasu kula dasu. Anarin yawan glucose na jini yana haifar da rashin ruwa na ruwan tabarau na ido. Wannan abu yana nunawa tawaya ta hanyar gani, amma ba kowane yaro bane zai iya yin cikakken bayanin yanayinsa.

Cutar na nau'in 1 shima ana kamanta shi da cututtukan fungal. Ga 'yan mata, yana iya zama mara nauyi, kuma ga jariran suna da larura masu rauni na diaper, wanda zai iya wucewa idan matakin sukari a cikin jininsu ya saba.

Ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari

Ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari cuta ce mai haɗari kuma mai saurin kamuwa da cutar sankarau a cikin yara, wanda zai iya zama mai muni. Alamarsa sune:

• ciwon ciki
• gajiya;
• tashin zuciya
• saurin numfashi tare da katsewa;
• takamaiman ƙamshi na acetone daga bakin yaron.

Idan irin waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka sun faru, wajibi ne a nemi taimakon likitoci da sauri. Idan ba'a dauki wadannan matakan ba, to da sannu yarinyar na iya rasa hankali kuma ta mutu.

Za'a iya sarrafa cutar sukari a cikin yara, kuma ana iya magance rikicewar wannan cutar idan an tsara yanayi na rayuwar yaran kuma an sami tabbacin cikakken lokacin day a

Menene ainihin abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari a cikin yara?

Idan zamuyi magana game da ainihin abubuwan da ke faruwa na kamuwa da cutar sukari irin ta 1 a cikin yara da manya, a yau likitanci ba zai iya ba da amsar wannan tambayar daidai ba. Tsarin 'yan Adam an tsara shi ne don yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suke shiga jikin mutum. Don wasu dalilai, tsarin rigakafi yana ɓacewa kuma yana kai hari ga ƙwayoyin beta na kashin kansa kuma yana lalata su, yana kashe insulin.

Akwai dalilan da yasa kuke buƙatar magana game da tsinkayar gado don buga 1 na ciwon sukari. Idan yaro ya sami rubella, mura, ko sauran kamuwa da cutar kwayan cuta, wannan na iya haifar da dogaro daga insulin. Shi ne wanda yake muhimmin hormone ne wanda ke taimakawa kowane kwayar halitta ta glucose kuma ya ba ta damar samu daga jini zuwa tantanin halitta, inda ake amfani da insulin a matsayin babban mai.

Cellsungiyoyi na musamman waɗanda suke a cikin ƙwayar da ke cikin tsibirin Langerhans suna da alhakin samar da insulin. A halin da ake ciki na al'ada, wani lokaci bayan cin abinci, glucose ya shiga cikin jini a cikin wadataccen adadi, watau insulin yana ba sel damar samun isasshen abinci. A sakamakon haka, adadin sukarin jini ya ragu kuma ana samar da insulin a cikin adadi kaɗan. Hanta tana iya adana shi kuma, idan bukatar hakan ta haifar, jefa adadin sukari da yakamata a cikin jini. A yayin da insulin bai isa ba, jiki yakan fitar da glucose a cikin magudanar jini don haka ya ci gaba da zama dole.

Musayar sukari da insulin kullun ana kayyade su ne bisa la'akari. Wannan shine tsarin gaba daya na farkon cutar, saboda rigakafi ya riga ya lalata kusan kashi 80 na sel na beta, wanda ke haifar da isasshen samar da insulin, ba tare da abin da yaron ba zai iya cika da glucose a cikin adadin da ake buƙata. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa cikin sukari jini kuma yana haifar da farkon alamun bayyanar cututtuka. A wannan lokacin da glucose ya wuce kima, jikin yaron yana jin cikakkiyar ma'anar yunwa ba tare da wannan man fetur mai mahimmanci ba.

Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar sankarau a cikin yara

Magani ya nuna cewa akwai wasu dalilai da suka zama sanadin farawa da rashin lafiya. Wadannan sun hada da:

1. cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, wanda ake nuna shi ta hanya mai ƙarfi: ƙwayar Epstein-Barr, Coxsackie, rubella, cytomegalovirus;
2. raguwa cikin jinin bitamin D;
3. gabatarwar farko na madarar saniya a cikin abincin jariri, wadannan dalilai suna aiki kamar haɓakar rashin lafiyar mahaifa;
4. ma da wuri ciyar da amfanin gona;
5. gurbataccen ruwan sha mai cike da nitrates.

A cikin mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar, ba shi yiwuwa a hana, duk da haka, wasu wuraren aikinta gabaɗaya sun dogara ne akan iyayen da kansu. Zai fi kyau kada a yi hanzarin zuwa farkon ciyarwa, saboda ana ɗaukar madara uwar nono ita ce ta zama abincin da ya dace ga jariri har zuwa watanni 6.

Akwai ƙididdigar da ba a tabbatar ba cewa ciyar da mutum zai iya ƙara yiwuwar haɓaka ciwon sukari-wanda ke dogaro da ciwon sukari na mellitus. An ba da shawarar samar wa yaro ruwa mafi tsarkakakken ruwan sha, kazalika da ƙirƙirar yanayi ingantacce ga rayuwarsa. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku iya wuce gona da iri ba kuma ku kewaye jariri da abubuwa masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, saboda wannan dabarar na iya haifar da koma baya. Amma game da bitamin D, yana da buqatar bayar da shi ga yarinyar bayan shawarar da likitan yara, saboda yawan abin da zai iya haifar da illa.

Yaya za a gano ciwon sukari?

Don gano ciwon sukari a cikin yaro, da farko, ya zama dole a tantance yanayin gaba ɗaya. Bugu da kari, likita zai gano yiwuwar malabsorption na glucose da wani nau'in ciwon sukari.

Idan yaro yana da wasu alamun cutar, to, zaku buƙatar auna matakin sukari a cikin jininsa ta amfani da glucometer ko cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Binciken ba ya samar da isar da jini na wajibi a kan komai a ciki. Bayan mun yi nazarin halayen glucose da kuma daidaita su tare da sakamako, zamu iya magana game da kasancewar ko rashin ciwon sukari a cikin yaro.

Sau da yawa, iyaye sukan yi watsi da alamun cutar har zuwa lokacin da yarinyar da ke rashin lafiya ta gaji sakamakon ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari.

A irin waɗannan yanayi, suna ɗaukar matakan farfadowa kuma suna ɗaukar gwajin jini don matakin ƙurar rigakafi a ciki. An gano nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari mellitus a matsayin mafi yawan cuta a cikin yankinmu, kuma nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ya fi yawa a cikin kasashen da akwai yara masu kiba. Idan nau'in cutar ta biyu na nuna alamun ci gabanta a hankali, na farko kusan nan da nan kuma yana ɗaukar hankalin kanta.

Idan muna magana ne game da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, to, ƙwayoyin rigakafin masu zuwa za su kasance a ciki:

1. don insulin;
2. glutamate decarboxylase;
3. zuwa sel na tsibirin na Langerhans;
4. zuwa tyrosine phosphatase.

Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa rigakafin yarinyar yana kai hari sel sel wanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa.

Tare da nau'in ciwo na 2, bayan cin abinci da gabanin sa, an lura da babban matakin insulin, kuma ba a gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin jinin mai haƙuri ba. Bugu da ƙari, gwajin jini na yaro zai nuna juriya na glucose, a wata ma'anar, za a rage jin daɗin jikin mutum da ƙusoshinsa sakamakon tasirin insulin.

A kusan dukkanin marasa lafiya na wannan nau'in cutar, za a gano cutar sakamakon gudummawar jini da fitsari, wanda aka wajabta don gano cutar sauran matsalolin lafiya. Kari akan haka, nauyin da ya gaji na iya haifar da neman taimakon likita da kuma yin cikakken bincike. Idan daya daga cikin dangi yana fama da wata cuta, to da yiwuwar hakan shima yaron zai iya zama sanadiyyar lalacewar yanayin glucose a jikin sa.

Kimanin kashi 20 cikin dari na yara masu balaga suna balaga irin na 2, wanda ke haifar da ƙoshin jin ƙishi koyaushe, urination, da kuma raunin ƙwayar tsoka. Irin waɗannan alamun alamun cutar ciwon sukari mellitus sun yi daidai da alamun kamuwa da cutar sukari na 1.

Rashin ci gaba da cutar sukari a cikin yara

Cutar tana da haɗari sosai ga rikicewarta. Rashin aiwatar da matakan metabolism na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da dukkan gabobin jiki da tsarin kananan kwayoyin. Da farko dai, muna magana ne game da lalacewar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini wadanda suke tsunduma cikin abubuwancinta. Bugu da kari, kodan, idanu, da kuma tsarin juyayi na yaran suna da matukar illa. Idan ba ku tsunduma cikin ingantaccen magani ba kuma ba ku kula da cutar ba, to a irin waɗannan halayen ana hana ci gaban tunani da haɓaka na mai haƙuri. Iyaye suna buƙatar lura da wane irin sukari na jini yake daidai ga ɗansu.

Matsalar cutar ta 1 sun haɗa da waɗanda ke tsokano da yawan ƙwayar sukari akai-akai ko a cikin waɗancan lokuta idan akwai tsalle-tsalle a ciki. Daga gefen tsarin daban-daban wadannan za su zama bayyanuwa:

• cututtukan zuciya. Kasancewar ciwon sukari a cikin mara haƙuri yana ƙara haɗarin haɓakar angina pectoris koda a cikin yara ƙanana. An bayyana cutar ta hanyar jin zafi a yankin kirji. A ƙuruciya, atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini, bugun jini, bugun zuciya na iya farawa;
• jijiya. Irin wannan cutar tana haifar da lalacewar tsarin juyayi na yara. Babban glucose na jini yana haifar da rushewar al'ada aikin jijiyoyi, musamman kafafu. Bayyanar cututtuka na neuropathy ciwo ne ko cikakkiyar asarar hankali, raɗaɗi mai sauƙi a ƙafafu;
• nephropathy. An kwatanta shi da lalacewar kodan. Cutar sankarar mellitus tana haifar da lalacewar glomeruli na musamman, waɗanda ke da alhakin tace sharar jini. Sabili da haka, lalacewar koda na iya fara haɓaka, yana haifar da buƙatar yin dial na yau da kullun ko ma juyawar hanta. Idan ga yara wannan ba lallai ba ne, to ta hanyar 20 ko 30, matsalar na iya zama mai dacewa;
• maganin retinopathy cuta ce da ta shafi idanu. Matsaloli tare da samar da insulin suna haifar da lalacewar tasoshin idanu. Wannan yana haifar da zubar jini zuwa cikin kayan gani, yana kara hadarin bunkasa glaucoma da cataracts. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, mai haƙuri na iya rasa hangen nesa;
• matsaloli tare da aiki na ƙananan ƙarshen kuma za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar ciwon sukari. Cutar tana da mummunar tasiri a cikin hankalin ƙafafun, yana haifar da rikicewa a cikin kewaya jini. Idan kafafu suka shafi cututtukan fata, to, gangrene na iya farawa a cikin irin wannan yanayi. Koyaya, wannan ba halayyar ciwon sukari bane na yara;
• fata mara kyau kuma na iya nuna matsalolin narkewar sukari. M cikin irin waɗannan halayen yana farawa da ƙoshin lafiya kuma yana daskarewa koyaushe saboda yanayin wuce haddi;
• osteoporosis ana iya haifar dashi ta hanyar koyon dukkan ma'adanai masu mahimmanci daga nama. Sakamakon ciwon sukari, ƙarancin ƙasusuwa na faruwa har a lokacin ƙuruciya.

Hasashen makomar gaba

Kasancewa ga kulawar likita na lokaci, za a iya sarrafa sukari. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarƙashin dukkanin shawarwarin likita da abinci na musamman, yana yiwuwa a guje wa cutar cutar cikin yara ba tare da ƙoƙari mai yawa ba.