Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce da ke tasowa a cikin tsarin endocrine, wanda aka bayyana a cikin karuwa a cikin jinin mutum da rashi insulin na kullum.
Wannan cuta tana haifar da cin zarafin metabolism na carbohydrates, sunadarai da mai. A cewar kididdigar, alamu na sanadin kamuwa da cutar sankarau na karuwa kowace shekara. Wannan cutar ta shafi sama da kashi 10 na jimlar yawan mutane a ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya.
Ciwon sukari yana faruwa ne yayin da insulin ya zama ƙasa-da-ƙasa don daidaita matakan glucose na jini. Insulin shine hormone da aka samar a cikin ƙwayar cutar da ake kira tsibirin Langerhans.
Wannan hormone kai tsaye ya zama mai halarta a cikin carbohydrate, furotin da mai mai narkewa a jikin gabobin mutum. Carbohydrate metabolism yana dogara da yawan sukari a cikin ƙwayoyin nama.
Insulin yana kunna samar da sukari kuma yana haɓaka ɗakunan glucose na hanta ta hanyar samar da fili na glycogen carbohydrate. Bugu da ƙari, insulin yana taimakawa hana fashewar carbohydrate.
Insulin yana shafar metabolism na gina jiki da farko ta hanyar haɓakar sakin sunadarai, ƙwayoyin nucleic da hana fashewar furotin.
Insulin yana aiki azaman mai gudanar da aiki na glucose ga ƙwayoyin mai, yana haɓakar sakin abubuwa masu ƙiba, yana ba da ƙwayoyin nama damar karɓar ƙarfin da ke buƙata kuma yana hana saurin fashewar ƙwayoyin mai. Haɗe da wannan hormone yana ba da gudummawa ga shigarwa cikin ƙwayar salula na sodium.
Ayyukan insulin na iya zama mai rauni idan jiki yana fuskantar matsanancin ƙarancinsa yayin fitowar jiki, da kuma tasirin insulin akan tsokoki na gabobin.
Rashin insulin a cikin ƙwayar sel na iya faruwa idan ƙwayar cuta ta fashe, wanda ke haifar da lalata tsibiran Langerhans. Wanne ne ke da alhakin sake jujjuya sinadarin da ya ɓace.
Abinda ke haifar da ciwon sukari
Nau'in na 1 na ciwon sukari mellitus yana faruwa daidai lokacin da karancin insulin a cikin jiki ya haifar ta hanyar lalata ƙwayoyin hanji, lokacin da ƙasa da kashi 20 na ƙwayoyin nama waɗanda ke iya yin cikakken aiki su kasance.
Cutar ta nau’i na biyu na faruwa ne idan sakamakon insulin ya lalace. A wannan yanayin, yanayin yana tasowa wanda ake magana da shi azaman insulin juriya.
An bayyana cutar a cikin yanayin insulin a cikin jini akai-akai, duk da haka, ba a yin aiki akan ƙashin da ya dace saboda asarar ƙwayoyin sel.
Lokacin da babu isasshen insulin a cikin jini, glucose ba zai iya shiga cikakkiyar tantanin halitta ba; sakamakon haka, wannan yana haifar da karuwa sosai cikin yawan sukarin jini. Sakamakon fitowar wasu hanyoyi na sarrafa sukari, sorbitol, glycosaminoglycan, haemoglobin yana tara cikin kyallen.
Bi da bi, sorbitol sau da yawa yakan haifar da ci gaban cataracts, yana rushe aiki da ƙananan jiragen ruwa, kuma yana lalata tsarin jijiya. Glycosaminoglycans yana shafar gidajen abinci da kuma lalata lafiyar.
A halin yanzu, zaɓin madadin don shan sukari a cikin jini bai isa ba don samun cikakken adadin kuzari. Saboda take hakkin metabolism, ya rage hadarin gina jiki, kuma ana lura da fadadarin furotin.
Wannan ya zama dalilin cewa mutum yana da rauni na tsoka, kuma aikin zuciya da kasusuwa ya lalace. Sakamakon karuwar peroxidation na mai da tarin abubuwan guba masu cutarwa, lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki na faruwa. Sakamakon haka, matakin ketone jikin da ke aiki azaman samfuran metabolism yana ƙaruwa a cikin jini.
Sanadin ciwon sukari
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari a cikin mutane na iya zama nau'i biyu:
- Autoimmune;
- Idiopathic.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan cututtukan fata suna da alaƙa da aiki mai rauni na tsarin rigakafi. Tare da raunin rigakafi, ana kafa ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jikin da ke lalata sel na tsibirin Langerhans a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke da alhakin sakin insulin.
Tsarin autoimmune yana faruwa ne saboda ayyukan cututtukan hoto, da kuma sakamakon ayyukan magungunan kashe qwari, nitrosamines da sauran abubuwan guba a jiki.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da Idiopathic na iya zama kowane tsari da ke da alaƙa da ciwon suga, wanda ke haɓaka kansa.
Me yasa nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 yake faruwa
A nau'in cuta ta biyu, sanadiyyar sanadin cutar sankara shine ƙarancin gado, gami da kiyaye rayuwa mara kyau da kasancewar ƙananan cututtuka.
Dalilai na ci gaban nau'in ciwon sukari guda 2 sune:
- Hasashen kwayoyin halittar mutum;
- Yawan kiba;
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki;
- Akai-akai da tsawan lokaci;
- Kasancewar atherosclerosis;
- Magunguna
- Kasancewar cuta;
- Lokacin daukar ciki; barasa da shan sigari.
Hasashen kwayoyin halittar mutum. Wannan dalili shine babba a tsakanin dukkan dalilai masu yiwuwa. Idan mai haƙuri yana da dangi wanda ke da ciwon sukari, to akwai haɗarin cewa cutar sankara na iya bayyana saboda yanayin gado.
Idan daya daga cikin iyayen da ke fama da ciwon sukari, to hadarin kamuwa da cutar ya kai kashi 30 cikin dari, kuma idan uba da uwa suna da cutar, a cikin kashi 60 na kwayoyin cutar da yaran ke haifar da cutar sankara. Idan gado ya kasance, yana iya fara bayyana kanta a cikin ƙuruciya ko lokacin samartaka.
Don haka, ya zama dole a hankali kula da lafiyar yaro wanda ke cikin halin gado don hana ci gaban cutar a cikin lokaci. Nan da nan aka gano cutar sankara, ƙaramar damar da wannan cutar zata ɗauka zuwa ga jikoki. Kuna iya tsayayya da cutar ta hanyar lura da wani abinci.
Yawan kiba. A cewar kididdigar, wannan shine dalili na biyu da ke haifar da ci gaban ciwon sukari. Wannan gaskiyane musamman ga nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Tare da cikakken ko ma kiba, jikin mai haƙuri yana da adadi mai yawa na tsopose nama, musamman ma cikin ciki.
Irin waɗannan alamun suna kawo gaskiyar cewa mutum yana da raguwa a cikin hankalin mutum game da tasirin insulin na ƙwayoyin salula a cikin jikin mutum. Wannan shine ya zama dalilin da yawan masu kiba suke yawan haifar da ciwon sukari. Don haka, ga mutanen da ke da alaƙar gado game da cutar, yana da mahimmanci a lura da tsarin abincinsu kuma a ci abinci mai kyau.
Cutar tamowa. Idan abincin mai haƙuri ya ƙunshi adadin carbohydrates da fiber ba a lura da su ba, wannan yana haifar da kiba, wanda ke kara haɗarin haɓakar ciwon sukari a cikin mutane.
Akai-akai da tsawan lokaci. Lura anan tsarin:
- Sakamakon damuwa na yau da kullun da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi tunanin mutum a cikin jinin mutum, tarin abubuwa kamar catecholamines, glucocorticoids, wanda ke tsokani farkon ciwon sukari a cikin haƙuri, yana faruwa.
- Musamman hadarin kamuwa da cutar yana cikin waɗancan mutanen da suka ƙaru da nauyin jiki da ƙaddarawar kwayoyin halittar mutum.
- Idan babu wasu dalilai na nishaɗi sakamakon gado, to mummunan rauni na ruhi yana iya haifar da ciwon suga, wanda zai haifar da cututtuka da yawa lokaci guda.
- Hakan na iya haifar da raguwa a cikin hankalin insulin na ƙwayoyin jikin mutum. Sabili da haka, likitoci suna ba da shawarar cewa a cikin duk yanayi, lura da iyakar kwantar da hankula kuma kada ku damu da ƙananan abubuwa.
Kasancewar atherosclerosis na tsawan lokaci, hauhawar jini, atchemic cuta zukata. Rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci yana haifar da raguwa a cikin hankalin jijiyoyin sel zuwa insulin na hormone.
Magunguna. Wasu magunguna na iya haifar da ciwon sukari. Daga cikinsu akwai:
- kamuwa da cuta
- kwayoyin glucocorticoid,
- musamman thiazide diuretics,
- wasu magungunan rigakafi,
- maganin antitumor.
Hakanan, yin amfani da kowane magani na dogon lokaci, musamman maganin rigakafi, yana haifar da amfani da sukari a cikin jini, abin da ake kira ciwon sukari steroid yana haɓaka.
Kasancewar cututtuka. Cututtukan autoimmune kamar ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta ko rashin ƙarfi ko kuma ƙwayar kansa ta hanji na iya haifar da ciwon sukari. Cututtukan ƙwayar cuta suna zama babban dalilin farkon cutar, musamman tsakanin schoolan makaranta da yara na yara, waɗanda ba su da lafiya.
Dalilin ci gaban ciwon sukari mellitus saboda kamuwa da cuta, a matsayin mai mulkin, shine tsinkayar ƙwayar halittar yara. A saboda wannan dalili, iyaye, da sanin cewa wani a cikin dangin yana fama da cutar sankarar bargo, ya kamata ya zama mai da hankali ga lafiyar yaran kamar yadda zai yiwu, kada a fara jiyya ga cututtukan da ke kama su, kuma a kai a kai ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen glucose na jini.
Lokacin haila. Wannan dalilin zai iya haifar da ci gaban ciwon sukari idan ba a dauki matakan kariya da matakan magani ba cikin lokaci. Cutar ciki kamar wannan ba zai iya haifar da ciwon sukari ba, yayin da abinci mara daidaituwa da ƙaddarawar ƙwayoyin cuta na iya yin kasuwancinsu na rashin hankali.
Duk da shigowar mata yayin daukar ciki, kuna buƙatar saka idanu sosai kan abin da ake ci kuma kar ku ƙyale abinci mai ƙiba. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci kar a manta da jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki da yin motsa jiki na musamman ga mata masu juna biyu.
Barasa da shan taba. Habitsabi'a mara kyau na iya wasa da dabara a kan mai haƙuri da tsokani ci gaban ciwon sukari. Giya da ke ɗauke da giya suna kashe ƙwayoyin beta na ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke haifar da farkon cutar.
