Menene insipidus ciwon sukari? Da farko dai, wannan cuta ce ta endocrinological, manyan abubuwan da suke bayyana wanda suke da ƙishirwa koyaushe da yawan urination.
Yana bayyana galibi a cikin matasa 25-30 shekara, amma na iya faruwa a kowane zamani, ciki har da daga haihuwa.
Iri na ciwon sukari insipidus da kuma haddasawa
Babban dalilin ciwon insipidus shine rashin maganin antidiuretic (ADH ko vasopressin), babban aikin shi shine ɗaure wa masu karɓar ƙwayoyin tubu tayin tare da tabbatar da sake juyar da ruwa daga fitsari na farko. An kirkiro Vasopressin a cikin hypothalamus na kwakwalwa, daga inda ya shiga cikin jini ta hanyar tsarin hypothalamic-pituitary.
Don haka, cin zarafin aikin ADH na iya faruwa ko dai a matakin kwakwalwa (isasshen samarwarsa ko toshewa hanyar shiga cikin jini na jini), ko a matakin kodan (cikakke ko kuma naƙasasshen rigakafin ƙwayar nam ɗin).
Dangane da wannan, ana bambanta nau'ikan insulin na ciwon sukari:
1. Insipidus na ciwon suga
Na iya faruwa a waɗannan lamari:
- Tsarin volumetric na hypothalamus ko qanwar huhu;
- Cutar rauni na waɗannan tsarukan;
- Kwayar cuta ta kwayan cuta da ƙwayar cuta, meningitis, ciki har da tarin fuka, yanayin syphilitic da sauransu;
- Raunin raunin kwakwalwa: taro, ratsa kwakwalwa;
- Rashin ƙaddamar da zubar jini: shanyewar jiki, hematomas na ciki;
- Sakamakon hanyoyin maganin cututtukan neurosurgical;
- Rashin daidaituwa na ciki na diencephalon da midbrain.
Insipidus na ciwon sukari na tsakiya ba shi da yawa sau da yawa fiye da na talakawa mellitus, amma a Rasha yawan mutanen da ke fama da wannan cutar kusan mutane dubu 21 ne.
2. Rashin ciwon sukari insipidus
Dalilai:
- Laifin kwayoyin masu karɓa na ADH;
- Cutar koda na ciki (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis);
- Hawan jini
- Renal amyloidosis;
- Cysts mai yawa;
- Ciwon mara na wucin gadi;
- Ciwon Sikila;
- Dogon amfani da wasu magunguna.
3. Tsarin hauka
Yana yawan faruwa a yanayi mai damuwa.
4. Cutar sankarar mahaifa insipidus
Kwayar cuta mai saurin faruwa, tana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin ƙarshen haihuwa, ana danganta ta da lalata ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ADH. Bayan haihuwa, bayyanar cututtuka sun shuɗe.
A kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na lamuran, etiology ɗin ba bayyane ba.
Bayyanar cututtuka na cututtukan siga na insipidus
Cutar yawanci yana farawa sosai, tafarkin haɓaka mai sauƙi ba shi da sifofi.
- Mafi alamar halayyar haɓaka shine yawan ƙaruwa na urination, marasa lafiya suna motsa jiki sau da yawa a cikin dare (nocturia na faruwa), enuresis na iya haɓaka. Yawan fitsari da aka saki a rana yawanci bai wuce lita 3-4 ba, amma a lokuta masu tsauri, musamman tare da nau'in cutar, tana iya kaiwa lita 25-30.
- Wani lokacin akwai karuwa a yawan zafin jiki. Sakamakon asarar ƙwayar ruwa a cikin fitsari, ƙwayar fata ta ragu, ya zama mai kauri, mai sauƙin ɗauka, wanda ba ya daidaita na dogon lokaci.
- Fata da bushewar mucous suna fitowa, wanda ke haifar da rauni da haɓaka rauni. Stomatitis, gastritis, colitis haɓaka.
- Ana shan azabtar da marassa lafiya da ƙishirwa ta yau da kullun. Sakamakon shan giya mai zafi da yawan kumburi, yawan nisantar ciki da mafitsara hali ne.
Sakamakon babban asarar ruwa, mummunar bushewar fata na faruwa. - Rashin bacci, yawan asara mai yawan ruwa yakan haifar da bayyanar cututtukan kwakwalwa, raunin marasa lafiya, asarar nauyi. Halin hali shine rashin bacci, haushi, yawan canza yanayi.
- A cikin aikin oncological na kwakwalwa, sauran rikicewar jijiyoyin cuta da rikicewar endocrine sau da yawa suna faruwa. Wadannan na iya kasancewa mafi yawan lokuta su zama masu motsi, azanci, rikicewar gani, rikice-rikice da daidaituwa.
- Hanyoyin cututtuka suna haɗuwa da hauhawar jini, haɓaka ƙwayoyin farin jini da ESR a cikin jini. Jin zafi ko abin jan hankali a yankin lumbar na iya bayyana.
- Baya ga alamomin da ke sama na insipidus na ciwon suga, yawanci maza kan sami matsala da libido da iko.
- Waɗannan alamu sune halayen hoto na asibiti a cikin mata: rashin daidaituwa na al'ada, matsaloli tare da kwai da ciki. Rashin haihuwa yana yiwuwa a matakai daban-daban na ciki.
A cikin yara bayan shekaru uku, bayyanar cutar tana kama da manya. Juna sau da yawa yakan yi ciki, su rasa nauyi, yin kuka, sun fi son shan ruwa a fili maimakon madara, fama da maƙarƙashiya Sau da yawa, yanayin cikin ƙananan yara ba a san shi akan lokaci kuma yana haifar da mutuwa.
Yadda za a gane ciwon sukari insipidus
- Babban ganewar asali na insipidus ciwon sukari shine babban urinalysis, har ma da urinalysis a cewar Zimnitsky. Halin hali shine haɓakar yawan fitsari yau da kullun, yawan rabo na dare, da raguwa cikin kusancinsa. A cikin fitsari, ana iya gano sel da furotin. Kasancewar glucose, acetone, ba kamar ciwon sukari ba, yana da matuƙar wuya, yawanci yakan faru idan aka haɗo waɗannan hanyoyin biyu.
- A cikin gwajin jini, yawan sodium yana ƙaruwa, creatinine, urea, da sauran nitrogen na iya ƙaruwa.
- Hanyar sananniya mai tsada, amma mai matukar fahimta shine a tantance matakin antidiuretic hormone a cikin plasma. A yadda aka saba, wannan lambar ta wuce 6 mmol a kowace lita.
- Gwajin bushewa. Ana gayyatar mara lafiya don iyakance yawan shan ruwa har sai yanayinsa ya fara tsananta. Wannan hanyar tana da amfani yayin da ya zama dole don bambance tsakanin hanyoyin tsakiya da na koda na cututtukan ƙwayar cutar sankara. Assessmentididdigar sauye-sauye a cikin ƙoshin lafiya, nazarin fitsari.
- Don ware ilimin cutar koda, nazarin duban dan tayi na gabobin da gado na jijiyoyin jiki, ana amfani da urography na excretory;
- A cikin halayen da ba a san su ba, ya zama dole a ɗauki kayan tarihi ta hanyar biopsy;
- X-ray na kwanyar yakan taimaka wajan hango nakasar tsarin kasusuwa na sirrin "turki", kasancewar kasalawar gindi ko baka;
- Ididdigewa da kuma ɗaukar hoton sauti na Magnetic ya zama dole don gano ƙarancin ko masifa, kazalika da sifofin kumburi a cikin kwakwalwa;
- A gaban tarihin dangi, ana amfani da nazarin kwayoyin halitta;
A kowane hali, ana zargin insipidus da ciwon sukari ta hanyar shawarar mai ilimin nephrologist, neurologist, endocrinologist da neurosurgeon.
Jiyya
Mai tsananin bayyanar cutar sau da yawa kai tsaye ya dogara da yawan ruwa mai mamayewa.
Kula da ciwon sukari insipidus yana farawa tare da alƙawarin abinci tare da ɗimbin yawa na ruwa mai laushi, juices, compotes, soups. Rage yawan gishirin tebur zuwa gram biyu a rana, mai zaki da giya. An bada shawara don ware abinci mai-furotin, abinci mai guba, da abinci mai soyayyen don rage nauyin akan ƙodan. Abincin mai amfani mai wadata a cikin potassium: kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa. Mafi sau da yawa, abincin insipidus na sukari ya dace da tebur na bakwai ko na goma.
Kamar yadda maye gurbin magani, ana amfani da kwalaben roba na kwayar antidiuretic hormone. Akwai su a cikin nau'ikan allunan ko saukowar hanci.
A cikin wasu halaye, ana nuna diuretics kamar spironolactone don tsara matakan sodium jini.
Dangane da yanayin aikin oncological na hypothalamus ko pituitary gland shine yake, matsalar warwarewar tiyata, chemotherapy ko radiological an warware.
A cikin cututtukan da ke kama da cuta, an wajabta isasshen maganin ƙwayoyin cuta ko maganin rigakafi. Ana amfani da magungunan rigakafi, magunguna masu haɓaka rigakafi.
Kodayake insipidus ciwon sukari cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta kuma tana faruwa ba sau da yawa fiye da sukari, har yanzu yana iya zama alama ta cututtuka masu kisa kuma suna haifar da mummunan sakamako. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a kula da hankali ga alamomin alamun cutar insipidus, yin bincike da fara magani.
