Insulin yana daya daga cikin mahimman kwayoyin halittar jikin mutum. Ana samar da insulin a cikin ƙwayar cuta kuma yana da tasirin sakamako mai yawa ga ayyukan haɓakawa a cikin kyallen jiki .. Babban maƙasudin wannan kwayar halitta shine rage yawan taro a cikin jiki.
Tare da cin zarafin samar da insulin, mutum yana haɓaka wata cuta da ake kira mellitus diabetes. Sakamakon haɓakar wannan cutar, akwai ƙetare matakai na metabolism metabolism.
Mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari suna fuskantar gaskiyar cewa matakin insulin a cikin jiki ya kamata a kiyaye shi da wucin gadi. Yawan insulin da aka saka a jiki ya dogara da bambanci tsakanin insulin da jikin ya samar da kuma yawan insulin din da jikin yake bukata don yin aiki na yau da kullun. Ya kasance shirye-shiryen insulin zuwa kashi iri daban-daban ya danganta da saurin tasirin da kuma tsawon lokacin aikin miyagun ƙwayoyi a jikin mutum. Nau'in guda ɗaya shine insulin aiki tsawon lokaci.
Rashin insulin na tsawon lokaci yana da tasirin sakamako saboda wannan dukiya, ana kiran wannan nau'in magani wanda ya tsawaita insulin. Wannan nau'in hormone na wucin gadi yana taka rawar da babban sashin hormone wanda ke haifar da asalin insulin da ake buƙata a jikin mai haƙuri.
Magunguna na wannan nau'in suna iya tara insulin a cikin jiki a cikin kullun. Yayin rana, ya isa ya ɗaukar allura 1-2 don daidaita ɗakunan hodar cikin jini. A hankali, yin amfani da insulin mai tsawaita aiki yana haifar da daidaituwa na matakan hormonal a jiki. Ana samun sakamako a rana ta biyu ko ta uku, ya kamata a lura cewa an sami sakamako mafi girma bayan kwanaki 2-3, kuma miyagun ƙwayoyi sun fara aiki a cikin 'yan sa'o'i.
Yawancin shirye-shiryen insulin tsawon lokaci sune kamar haka:
- Insulin Monodar Tsayi;
- Insulin Ultralong;
- Insulin Lantus.
Daga cikin magungunan da suka dade suna yin aiki, abubuwan da ake kira shirye-shiryen insulin ba tare da tsayawa ba. Wannan nau'in insulin lokacin da aka gabatar dashi a jikin mutum bashi da wani matsayi da aka nuna shi. Sakamakon waɗannan kwayoyi a jikin mutum yana da santsi da sauƙi. Shahararrun kwayoyi na wannan rukunin sune Levemir da Lantus.
Ana sarrafa kowane nau'in insulin a ƙarƙashin kowane lokaci kuma a duk lokacin da wurin kulawa da kashi na insulin ya kamata a canza. Bai kamata a gauraya insulin da wasu abubuwa masu narkewa ba.
Kafin zaɓar insulins masu tsawan aiki, ya kamata kuyi nazarin bayanai game da abin da ya faru da wannan nau'in insulin. Bugu da kari, yakamata kayi nazarin bayanan da aka ayyana a cikin umarnin don amfani da kuma tattaunawa tare da endocrinologist.
Likita yakamata ya lissafa adadin maganin, amma kuma ya tsara jigon allura.
Zuwa yau, ana amfani da nau'ikan abubuwan insulins guda biyu don magance cutar:
- Insulins tare da tsawon lokacin aiki har zuwa awanni 16;
- Ultra-dogon daskararre dindindin fiye da 16 hours.
Rukunin insulin na farko sun hada da:
- Gensulin N.
- Biosulin N.
- Isuman NM.
- Insuman Bazal.
- Protafan NM.
- Humulin NPH.
Insungiyar insulin da ta daɗe tana aiki sun haɗa da:
- Tresiba NEW.
- Levemir.
- Lantus.
Ultralong insulins ba su da yawa. Lokacin yin lissafin kashi don allura tare da ƙwayar tsohuwar aiki, wannan yanayin ya kamata a la'akari. Sauran ka'idojin zaɓi sun zama ruwan dare ga kowane nau'in insulin.
Lokacin yin lissafin kashi na allura guda na insulin a cikin jiki, mai nuna alama ya kamata ya zama cewa haɗuwar glucose a duk tsawon lokacin tsakanin injections ya kasance daidai da matakin a cikin iyakoki na al'ada. Izinin canzawa ba ya kamata a wannan lokacin kada ya wuce 1-1.5 mmol / L.
Lokacin yin zaɓin da ya dace na insulin kashi, ɗaukar glucose a cikin jini ya tabbata.
Haramun ne a yi amfani da magunguna wanda ya ƙunshi insulin, rayuwar shiryayye wanda ƙarewa ce. A kan aiwatar da adana magunguna, ana buƙatar lura da yanayin ajiya da rayuwar shiryayye. Yin amfani da ƙarewar insulin a cikin jiyya na iya tsokani ƙara yawan zagi, rauni, rawar jiki, tashin hankali, kuma a wasu yanayi har ma da coma a jikin mai haƙuri.
Shirye-shiryen insulin na yau da kullun na zamani ana iya ɗauka ba kawai ta allura ba, har ma da sarrafa baki na miyagun ƙwayoyi lokacin cin abinci.
Gudanar da maganin ta maganin ƙwayar cuta ci gaba ne, wanda aka tsara don sauƙaƙe rayuwar mutumin da ke fama da ciwon sukari.
Magungunan masana'antu na dogon lokaci suna samarwa da nau'i biyu a cikin nau'in dakatarwa ko mafita don allura.
Insulin yana samar da raguwa a cikin adadin glucose a cikin jiki ta hanyar haɓaka ɗaukar shi ta ƙwayoyin tsoka da hanta, yana shafar adadin kuzarin abubuwan gina jiki, yana haɓaka shi, yana rage samar da glucose ta hepatocytes.
Tare da ƙididdigar daidai na yawan insulin yana da tsawan mataki, kunnawarsa yana faruwa awanni 4 bayan gudanarwarsa. Matsakaicin inganci yana faruwa bayan sa'o'i 8-20 bayan miyagun ƙwayoyi sun shiga jiki. Lokacin aiki mafi girma ya dogara ne akan halayen mutum na jikin mai haƙuri da kuma girman allura. Ayyukan insulin ya daina aiki a jikin sa'o'i 28 bayan gudanarwarsa. A cikin yanayin ɓacewa daga waɗannan sigogi na wannan lokaci, wannan na iya nuna kasancewar yanayin yanayin cututtukan jini a jikin mai haƙuri. Kuma a nan ya zama dole a sami ra'ayi game da abin da ke lalata insulin a cikin ciwon sukari.
Gudanar da magungunan ƙananan ƙwayoyi yana ba da damar hormone ya kasance a cikin mai mai na ɗan lokaci, wanda ya ba shi damar rage girman sha a cikin jini.
Abubuwan da ke nuna amfanin insulin na tsawon lokaci-su ne:
- Mai haƙuri yana da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1.
- Mai haƙuri yana da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.
- Kariyar mai haƙuri ga magungunan baka wanda aka tsara don rage matakan sukari na jini.
- Yi amfani azaman ɓangaren hadadden farwa.
- Gudanar da ayyukan tiyata.
- Kasancewar cutar sankara a cikin mata masu juna biyu.
Determinedarar maganin hormone da aka yi amfani dashi an tabbatar dashi ta hanyar endocrinologist daban-daban kuma la'akari da duk halayen mutum na jikin mai haƙuri. Ana iya yin lissafin kashi ta hanyar endocrinologist kawai bayan karbar sakamakon cikakken binciken mai haƙuri da karɓar gwaje-gwaje.
An haramta hada ruwa da insulin kafin allurar. Kafin gabatarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi, kawai wajibi ne don gungura kwalban tare da insulin a cikin tafin hannunka, wannan zai ba da damar haɗa kai ya haɗu kuma a lokaci guda zai baka damar dumama maganin kafin allurar.
Lokacin da mara lafiya ya sauya daga insulin dabbobi zuwa mutum, yakamata a sake lissafin sashi.
Game da canza mai haƙuri daga wani nau'in magani zuwa wani, shi ma ya zama dole don daidaita sashin da aka karɓa na insulin.
Theaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen insulin tsawon lokaci gama-gari shine Digludek. Wannan magani yana da ƙarin sakamako mai tsawo. Misali ne na insulin na mutum. Wanda ya kirkiri wannan magani shine kamfanin Danish Novo Nordisk.
Ayyukan wannan magani yana dogara ne akan ƙara yawan amfani da glucose daga ƙwayar jini ta ƙwayoyin mai da ƙwayoyin tsoka.
Wannan aikin yana kunnawa ta hanyar ƙari daga cikin kwayoyin zuwa masu karɓar sel. Sakamakon na biyu na miyagun ƙwayoyi shine toshe samar da glucose ta ƙwayoyin hanta, wanda ke rage adadin glucose a jikin mai haƙuri.
Tsawon lokacin da wannan magani ya fi awa 42. Matsakaicin ƙwayar insulin a cikin jiki ana samun sa'o'i 24-36 bayan gudanar da magani.
Kamfanin insulin-glargine ne ke samar da kamfanin Faransa na Sanori-Aventis. Abun da ke cikin maganin ya hada da insulin-glargine, m-cresol, zinc chloride, glycerol, sodium hydroxide, ruwa don yin allura ana amfani dashi azaman karin kuzari a cikin maganin.
Wannan nau'in magani shine kwatankwacin insulin mutum.
Tare da gabatarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi sau ɗaya a rana, ana lura da daidaitaccen taro a jikin mai haƙuri na kwanaki 2 zuwa 4 bayan tsarin kulawa.
Samun tsawon lokacin aiwatar da maganin, yana ba ku damar amfani da shi yayin rana sau ɗaya kawai. Bayan allura, miyagun ƙwayoyi suna farawa sa'a daya bayan allura.
An yarda da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar allurar subcutaneous. An shigar da miyagun ƙwayoyi cikin kitse mai ƙyalli a cikin ciki na kafada ko cinya.
Sakamakon sakamako na amfani da wannan magani shine ci gaban lipodystrophy da kuma jinkiri a cikin ɗaukar insulin.
Contraindication don amfani shine kasancewar tashin hankali zuwa insulin-glargine ko kowane ɓangaren magunguna. Bugu da ƙari, wannan magani ba za a iya amfani dashi ga yara masu shekaru shida ba.
Humulin miyagun ƙwayoyi shine na'urar likita, kamfanin Amurka na Eli-Lilly. Wakili shine mai dakatarwa daga insulin din jikin dan adam. Magungunan yana da sakamako mai dorewa.
A cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin, likita zai ci gaba da bayyana batun karin insulin.
