Mutane da yawa dole ne suyi amfani da allunan rigakafin ƙwayar cuta don ciwon sukari na 2, jerin sabbin ƙarni ana sabunta su kowace shekara tare da sabon ci gaba. Idan da farko alamun cutar "cutar sukari" da matakan glucose za a iya sarrafa su ta hanyar abinci da aiki na jiki, to, a cikin lokaci na ajiyar jikin ya ƙare, kuma ba zai iya shawo kan matsalar ba da kansa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai nau'ikan cututtukan guda biyu - insulin-dogara da wadanda ba insulin ba. A shari'ar ta biyu, tare da doguwar hanya ta cutar sankara, masu ciwon sukari sun fara amfani da magungunan da ke hana juriya ta insulin.
Kasuwancin kantin magani yana gabatar da adadi mai yawa na magunguna masu rage sukari, amma kowannensu yana da kayan aiki na musamman na aiki, contraindications da yiwuwar mummunan sakamako. Yi la'akari da manyan nau'ikan magungunan hypoglycemic.
Babban nau'in magunguna don ciwon sukari na 2
Haɓaka nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 an hade shi da yawa tare da rikicewar ƙwayar cuta. A wannan yanayin, aikin pancreas ba shi da kyau, a sakamakon abin da ƙwayoyin beta na islet apparatus suka daina samar da hormone na rage sukari - insulin. Ba kamar na farkon ba, tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, samar da hormone ba ya tsayawa. Matsalar tana da alaƙa da hankalin masu karɓar sel waɗanda suke gane insulin.
Nau'in nau'in cuta na biyu yana shafar 90% na masu ciwon sukari. Sau da yawa waɗannan mutane mutane ne da shekarun 40-45 waɗanda ke da haɗari ga kiba ko kuma suna da dangi da ke ɗauke da cutar sankara (sanadiyar ƙwayar cuta).
Zuwa shekarar 2017, an samar da magunguna da dama wadanda suka rage glucose kuma sun inganta. Zuwa yau, nau'ikan nau'ikan wakilai na hypoglycemic
Inganta insulin yanayin sel:
- thiazolidinediones (Pioglar da Diglitazone);
- biguanides (metformin).
Sabbin kwayoyi waɗanda suka fara kirkirar su a cikin 2000s:
- Masu hana DPP-4 (Ongliza da Yanuviya);
- alpha glucosidase inhibitors (Glucobai);
- GLP-1 agonists mai karɓa (Viktoza da Baeta).
Hormone stimulants:
- meglitinides (Starlix da Novonorm);
- Sinadarin sulfonylurea (Maninyl, Glurenorm da Diabeton).
Nau'in na uku na miyagun ƙwayoyi ya cutar da aikin bugun zuciya da yanke shi. Lokacin shan waɗannan magungunan, kusan kusan dama dama na canji na ciwon sukari na 2 zuwa na farko.
Magungunan da aka ambata a baya don maganin cututtukan type 2 ana daukar su wani sabon ƙarni na magunguna, cikakken bayani game da wanda za'a gabatar dashi nan gaba.
Kwayoyin da ke inganta tasirin insulin
An fara amfani da Thiazolidinediones a matsayin wakilai waɗanda ke rage haɓakar hyperglycemia, kwanan nan. Wadannan magungunan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ba sa tasiri a sel sel; akasin haka, suna inganta haɓakar ƙwayoyin yankin zuwa insulin. Sakamakon haka, thiazolidinediones suna rage glucose kuma suna da matukar tasiri a kan haɗakar lipid.
Gabaɗaya, magunguna na wannan rukunin suna iya rage yawan sukari da kashi 0.5-2%, saboda haka ana ɗaukar su sau ɗaya tare da haɗuwa da metformin, injections insulin ko abubuwan ƙira na sulfonylurea. Misalan kwayoyi a cikin allunan da ke cikin rukunin thiazolidinediones sune Pioglar, Actos da Diaglitazone. Kyakkyawan gefen amfanin su shine ƙananan yiwuwar raguwa mai sauri a cikin matakan sukari. Irin waɗannan magungunan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ana ɗauka mafi mahimmanci a cikin kawar da juriya na insulin.
Biguanides yana wakilta ne kawai wakilin - metformin, wanda shine ɓangare na magungunan wannan rukuni. Ilimin likita ya fara amfani da kayan ne bayan 1994. A shekara ta 2017, biguanides ne ya zama sananne a cikin lura da ciwon sukari na 2. Metformin yana hana aiwatarwar glucose ta hanta da shigar ta cikin jini. Bugu da ƙari, yana haɓaka ji na jijiyoyin kasusuwa zuwa insulin. Kasuwancin magunguna na Rasha yana ba da babban adadin Allunan don ciwon sukari na 2 wanda ke ɗauke da sinadaran aiki - metformin hydrochloride. Shahararrun analogues sune Metformin, Siofor, Glucofage da sauransu.
Ya kamata a lura cewa daga cikin kyawawan fannoni na amfani da waɗannan magunguna, akwai hadarin rashin lafiyar hypoglycemic state, rigakafin atherosclerosis, asarar nauyi da ikon ɗauka tare da haɗin gwiwar insulin da sauran magunguna masu rage sukari.
Daga cikin mummunan fasalin amfani da metformin, abubuwa uku za'a iya bambance su.
- Rashin narkewa a farkon jiyya yana haɗuwa da jarabar jiki ga aikin abu. Alamar cututtuka na yau da kullun shine tashin zuciya da amai, gudawa, rashin ci, rashin abinci.
- Yiwuwar lactic acidosis.
- Dogon lokaci yana rage taro na bitamin B a cikin jiki.
Ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da allunan ƙwayoyin metformin a cikin ilimin ƙwayar cuta na hanta, ƙwayar numfashi, koda ko gazawar zuciya.
Sabbin magunguna
An fara amfani da shi a cikin 2006, an fara amfani da sababbin magunguna da ake kira "DPP-4 inhibitors" a cikin aikin likita. Ba su da alaƙa da samar da insulin ta hanyar ƙwayoyin beta. Ayyukansu suna da nufin kare glucan-kamar polypeptide na nau'in farko (GLP-1), samar da wanda ke faruwa a cikin hanji, daga tasirin enzyme DPP-4. Sunan magunguna a cikin wannan rukunin sun fito ne daga sunan enzyme.
GLP-1 yana inganta ƙwayar hanji, saboda wanda insulin ya fara samar dashi har zuwa mafi girma. Hakanan GLP-1 yana magance ci gaban glucagon, wanda ba shi da kyau a kan rage ƙwayar suga.
Amfanin yin amfani da masu hana DPP-4 sune:
- Rashin yiwuwar cutar yawan kumburi kamar yadda magani ya ƙare aikinsa bayan daidaita matakan glucose.
- Yiwuwar karuwar nauyin jiki saboda shan kwayoyin an cire su.
- Ana iya amfani dasu a hade tare da kusan dukkanin kwayoyi ban da magungunan agonists na masu karɓa na GLP-1 da insulin.
Daga cikin sakamako mara kyau, zaku iya mai da hankali kan narkewar narkewa, wanda sau da yawa ana nuna shi ta hanyar ciki da tashin zuciya. Irin waɗannan kwayoyin cututtukan cututtukan ba a ba da shawarar don amfani da su ba da lahani ga hanta ko koda. An rarraba wannan rukuni na kwayoyi zuwa: saxagliptin (Onglisa), vildagliptin (Galvus), sitagliptin (Onglisa).
Agonists na masu karɓar GPP-1 sune hormones waɗanda ke motsa samarda insulin da kuma gyara ƙwayoyin islet da suka lalace. Bugu da kari, wannan nau'in magani yana rage kiba a cikin masu fama da kiba. Ba a kera magungunan a cikin allunan ba, ana iya siyan su kawai ta hanyar ampoules don yin allura. Wakilin ƙungiyar shine sabon magani Viktoza, haka kuma Baeta.
Alfa glucosidase inhibitors yana hana sauya glucose daga carbohydrates. Ana amfani da magunguna na wannan rukunin lokacin da mai haƙuri ya sami ƙara yawan glucose bayan cin abinci. Za a iya haɗa waɗannan kudaden tare da kowane magunguna masu rage sukari. Iyakar abin da hanawar alpha-glucosidase inhibitors shi ne cewa an hana yin amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin jijiyoyin zuciya.
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da rikitarwa bayan shan magungunan sune matsalolin narkewa - haɓakar haɓakar gas a cikin hanji da gudawa. Tare da metformin, wannan magani shine mafi kyawun amfani dashi, saboda shima yana shafar tsarin narkewar ɗan adam. Wakilan wannan rukunin sune Diastabol da Glucobay.
Hormone stimulants
'Yan adam sun san game da abubuwanda suka samo asali na sulfonylurea na dogon lokaci, amma sunyi amfani dashi kawai don maganin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya. An gano tasirin cutarwar su ba da gangan ba lokacin yakin duniya na II.
Irin wannan warkarwa ga masu ciwon sukari yana shafar aikin sel sel da ke cikin farji, wanda yake daidaita sinadarin. Abubuwan da ke cikin Sulfonylurea sun ci gaba da samar da insulin kuma suna haɓaka hankalin masu karɓar sel zuwa insulin.
Koyaya, waɗannan kudade suna haifar da sakamako masu illa kamar:
- jihar hypoglycemia;
- raguwar ƙwayoyin beta;
- nauyi.
Komawa cikin cutar kansa shine ke haifar da gaskiyar cewa nau'in cuta na biyu shine ya fara zuwa na farko. Wannan yana nufin cewa don ci gaba da ƙimar glucose a cikin iyakoki na al'ada, mai haƙuri zai yi allurar hormone akai-akai. Abubuwan da keɓaɓɓe na sulfonylureas sun kasu kashi da yawa:
- Glyclazide - Mararrakin MV da Glidiab MV.
- Glimepiride - Glemaz da Amaril.
- Glycvidone - Glurenorm.
- Glibenclamide (Maninyl).
Magungunan ƙungiyar meglitinide kuma suna haɓaka samar da hormone mai rage sukari. An ba da shawarar su ga masu ciwon sukari wanda yawan sukarin jini ya karu bayan cin abinci. Wannan rukunin ya hada da rukuni biyu na magunguna - nateglinide (Starlix) da repaglinide (Novonorm).
Za'a iya yin la'akari da fa'idar amfani da waɗannan magungunan cewa basa shafar nauyin jikin mai haƙuri kuma kusan ba sa haifar da yanayin hauhawar jini.
Koyaya, kwayoyi a cikin wannan rukunin suna haifar da wasu halayen masu illa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da tsarin narkewa da jijiyoyi, kumburi da jijiyoyin jiki na sama.
Rashin ingancin magunguna babban farashin ne, ba ingantaccen sakamako mai tasiri ba ne da kuma maimaita amfani da rana.
Farida da kuma sakamakon rashin yardarta
Babban alamun cututtukan sukari shine tafiye-tafiye akai-akai zuwa ɗakin wanka da ƙishirwa koyaushe. Wadannan manyan alamu guda biyu na iya nuna cin zarafi game da matakin glycemia. Idan mutum ya lura da irin waɗannan alamun a cikin kansa, yana buƙatar ganin mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a nan gaba.
Dalilin ƙarancin mace-mace na marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankara watau mellitus na da alaƙa da alaƙa da rashin magani da magani mara amfani. A alƙawari tare da kwararrun halartar, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya faɗi dalla-dalla game da duk alamun da ke damunsa. Bayan tattaunawar, likita ya ba da izinin gano ciwon sukari.
Akwai gwaje-gwaje da yawa waɗanda za ku iya sanin matakin sukari, amma mafi sauƙi da sauri shine nazarin jini daga yatsa ko daga jijiya. Idan sakamakon ya fi 5.5 mmol / L (jini mai ɗaukar jini) da kuma 6.1 mmol / L (jinin venous), wannan na iya nuna ciwon suga ko ciwon suga. Don sanin nau'in cutar, ana gudanar da bincike don C-peptides da abubuwan da ke cikin maganin rigakafin GAD.
Idan likita ya gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, yana haɓaka tsarin kulawa na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa huɗu:
- sarrafa glycemic na yau da kullun;
- abinci na musamman;
- salon rayuwa;
- shan magunguna.
Kawai lura da duk waɗannan ƙa'idodin za ku iya sarrafa adadin sukari a cikin jini da hana haɓaka mummunan sakamako na ciwon sukari. Rashin kula da lafiyarka zai iya haifar da ci gaban:
- Mai tsananin rashin aiki na koda.
- Rashin ciwon sukari - raunin gani sakamakon sakamakon kumburi.
- Ciwon sukari cuta ne mai rashin lafiyar tsarin jijiya.
- Gangrene na ƙananan ƙarshen. A wannan yanayin, yanki na kafa na iya zama dole don ciwon sukari.
- Cutar Glycemic.
- Myocardial infarction ko bugun jini.
Kuna buƙatar kula da ciwon sukari akan lokaci. Wannan cutar ba jumla ce ba, ƙarni na ƙarshe, saboda sabuwar fasahar, mutane suna rayuwa tare da ita cikakke.
Babban abu ba shi ba ne. Magungunan zamani ba su tsaya cik ba: kowace rana, masana kimiyya suna haɓaka sabon magani wanda ya ƙunshi karancin magunguna kuma yana da tasiri mafi warkewa.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa lokacin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, dole ne a bi daidai magunguna da shawarwarin likita. Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya kiyaye matakan glucose a matakin al'ada. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin ya ba da bayani game da lura da masu ciwon sukari na 2.
