Gwajin ciwon sukari ya zama dole idan alamun cutar ta bayyana.
Hudu na marasa lafiya da wannan cuta ba sa shakkar kamuwa da cutar, sabili da haka, Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar yin gwaje-gwaje don kamuwa da cutar aƙalla sau biyu a shekara.
Hankalin glucose na yau da kullun a cikin mutum mai lafiya ya kamata ya canza cikin kewayon 3.3-5.5 mmol / L. Ciwon sukari mellitus, kasancewar ilimin cututtukan cututtukan kansa, yana haifar da shan kashi na beta beta na tsibirin na Langerhans, babban aikin wanda shine samar da insulin. Wannan hormone yana da alhakin ɗaukar glucose daga jini zuwa sel waɗanda suke buƙatar tushen makamashi.
Ba kamar insulin ba, wanda ke rage yawan sukari a cikin jini, akwai wasu kwayoyin halittun da ke magance shi. Misali, glucocorticoids, norepinephrine, adrenaline, glucagon da sauransu.
Ciwon sukari mellitus da alamunta
Samun samar da hormone na rage sukari a cikin nau'in 1 ciwon sukari gaba daya an daina shi. Akwai wata cuta ta wannan nau'in galibi cikin samartaka da ƙuruciya. Saboda jiki baya iya samar da kwayoyin halittar, yana da mahimmanci ga mai haƙuri ya yi allurar insulin akai-akai.
A nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, samar da hormone ba ya tsayawa. Koyaya, aikin insulin (jigilar glucose) ba shi da matsala saboda tasirin da bai dace ba na ƙwayoyin manufa. Wannan tsari shine ake kira insulin resistance. Ciwon mara wanda ba shi da insulin-kansa ba yana tasowa ne a cikin mutanen da ke da kiba fiye da kima ko tsufa daga shekaru 40. Binciken lokaci na ciwon sukari na mellitus na nau'in da ba shi da insulin ya guji maganin ƙwaƙwalwa. Don kula da ƙimar glucose na al'ada, dole ne ku ci yadda yakamata ku yi motsa jiki.
Waɗanne canje-canje a jikin ɗan adam ne za su iya magana game da “cuta mai daɗi”? Babban sukari na jini a cikin ciwon sukari yana haifar da kullun jin ƙishirwa. Yawan shan iskar shaye shaye yana wadatar da yawaita ziyartar ɗakin. Don haka, ƙishirwa da polyuria sune manyan alamun biyu na cutar. Koyaya, alamu na ciwon sukari kuma zasu iya zama:
- dawwama rauni da danshi;
- rashin barci da yawan ciwon kai;
- fata fitsari da itching;
- hangen nesa
- yunwar da ba ta dace ba;
- dogon waraka na yanke da raunuka;
- yawan kamuwa da cuta a jiki;
- numbashi ko lankwashewar wata gabar jiki;
- m jini.
Wadannan alamun zasu zama lokaci don ziyartar ofishin of the endocrinologist, wanda zai bincika mai haƙuri kuma ya nuna shi, idan ya cancanta, don yin gwajin jini don ciwon sukari. Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ne suke bukatar wucewa, zamuyi karin bayani.
Jarrabawar jinin ciwon suga
Sau da yawa mutum baya zargin hyperglycemia da kuma koyo game da shi ta hanyar haɗari, yana karɓar sakamakon gwajin jini gaba ɗaya.
Don ƙaddamar da ingantaccen ganewar asali, nemi shawarar endocrinologist.
Likita ya ba da wasu takamaiman gwaje-gwaje don fayyace cutar.
Don sanin matakin glucose, mafi yawan nazarin abubuwa sune:
- Cikakken ƙidaya jini.
- Gwajin gwajin jini na glycated.
- Gwajin gwajin haƙuri.
- C peptide assay.
Babban gwajin jini ga masu ciwon sukari. Ana aiwatar da shi a kan komai a ciki da safe, saboda kafin ɗaukar kayan halitta, ba za ku iya ci abinci aƙalla 8 hours ba. Awanni 24 kafin binciken, ba a son a cinye abubuwa da yawa masu ɗaci da kuma shan giya, domin wannan na iya gurbata sakamako na ƙarshe. Hakanan, sakamakon jarrabawar ana tasiri da abubuwa kamar su ciki, gajiya mai ƙarfi, damuwa, ɓacin rai, kamuwa da cuta da sauran cututtuka. Ya kamata sukari ya kasance cikin kewayon daga 3.3 zuwa 5.5 mmol / L.
Glycated gwajin haemoglobin yana nuna matsakaicin ƙwayar glucose jini. Ana gudanar da irin wannan binciken don ciwon sukari tsawon lokaci - daga watanni biyu zuwa uku. Sakamakon binciken yana taimakawa kimanta mataki na cutar, da kuma tasiri na jiyya da kanta.
Gwajin gwajin haƙuri. Ana aiwatar dashi don gano cin zarafi a cikin metabolism na carbohydrates. Ana nuna irin wannan binciken don kiba, matsalar hanta, cututtukan ciki, ƙwayoyin polycystic, furunlera, hauhawar jijiyoyi da haɓaka sukari a cikin mata yayin daukar ciki. Da farko, kuna buƙatar gudummawar jini zuwa ga komai a ciki, sannan ku cinye 75 na sukari na sukari da aka narke a cikin ruwa na 300 ml. Sannan tsarin bincike don kamuwa da cuta kamar haka: kowane rabin sa'a, ana auna glucose na tsawon awanni biyu. Samun sakamako har zuwa 7.8 mmol / L, ba za ku iya damuwa ba, saboda wannan alama ce ta al'ada, tana nuna raunin cutar. Koyaya, dabi'u a cikin 7.8-1-1 mmol / L suna nuna ciwon suga, kuma dabi'u sama da 11.1 mmol / L suna nuna ciwon sukari.
Bincike akan C-peptides. Wannan bincike ne mai ma'ana daidai gwargwado don gano yadda cutar cututtukan cututtukan fata take. Dole ne a ɗauka don gano alamun cututtukan sukari a cikin mata masu juna biyu, tare da tsinkayar ƙwayar halittar jini da kuma bayyanar cututtuka na hyperglycemia. Kafin yin gwaje-gwaje don ciwon sukari, ba za ku iya ɗaukar kwayoyi irin su asfirin, hormones, ascorbic acid, da maganin hana haihuwa ba. Udurin C-peptides yana gudana ta amfani da samin jini daga jijiya.
Considereda'idodin al'ada ana ɗaukar su cikin kewayon daga 298 zuwa 1324 pm / L.
Rashin ƙwayar cuta ga masu ciwon sukari
Waɗanne gwaje-gwaje kuke da su game da ciwon sukari ban da gwajin jini? Idan kuna zargin "rashin lafiya mai laushi", likitan likita ya ba da izinin yin bincike game da fitsari. Mutumin da ke da ƙoshin lafiya ba lallai ne ya sami sukari a cikin fitsari ba, koda yake, kasancewar kusan 0.02% glucose a ciki ba a ɗauka karkacewa.
Nazarin fitsari safe da bincike na yau da kullun ana ɗauka mafi inganci. Da farko, ana gwada fitsari safe don sukari. Idan an samo shi, ya kamata a gabatar da bincike na yau da kullun don tabbatar da cutar. Yana ƙayyade sakin glucose kowace rana tare da fitsarin ɗan adam. Mai haƙuri yana buƙatar tattara kayan kayan halitta ko'ina cikin rana ban da fitsari safe. Don binciken, 200 mm na fitsari zai isa, wanda ake tarawa da yamma.
Gano sukari a cikin fitsari yana da alaƙa da ƙara damuwa a kan kodan don gano cutar sankarau. Wannan jikin yana cire dukkan mai guba daga jiki, gami da yawan glucose a cikin jini. Tunda adadin ruwa mai yawa ake buƙata don ƙodan suyi aiki, sun fara ɗaukar ruwan da ya ɓace daga ƙwayar tsoka. A sakamakon haka, mutum yana so ya sha koyaushe kuma ya shiga bayan gida "kaɗan". A matakan sukari na yau da kullun, ana aika dukkan glucose a matsayin "kayan makamashi" don sel, saboda haka ba a samun shi a cikin fitsari.
Nazarin Hormonal da na ilimin rigakafi
Wasu marasa lafiya suna sha'awar ciwon sukari, wane gwaji muke yi ban da jini da fitsari?
Zai zama kamar an gabatar da jerin nau'ikan karatu a sama, amma akwai da yawa.
Lokacin da likita ya yi shakkar ko za a yi bincike ko a'a, ko kuma yana son yin nazarin cutar gabaɗaya, sai ya ba da takamaiman gwaje-gwaje.
Irin waɗannan ƙididdigar sune:
- Yin nazari don kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa ƙwayoyin beta. Ana gudanar da wannan binciken a farkon matakan cutar kuma yana ƙayyade ko mara lafiyar yana da yanayin da zai iya haifar da ciwon sukari na 1.
- Binciko don maida hankali akan insulin. Sakamakon bincike a cikin mutum mai lafiya ya kamata ya zama daga mil 15 zuwa 180 a kowace lita. Lokacin da abun insulin ya kasance ƙasa da yadda aka nuna, wannan shine nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, lokacin da yake babba shine ciwon sukari na 2.
- Nazarin kan kwayoyin cuta zuwa insulin. Ana buƙatar irin wannan gwajin don gano cututtukan cututtukan fata da nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari.
- Eterayyade ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa GAD. Ko da shekaru 5 kafin a fara kamuwa da ciwon sukari, ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa takamaiman sinadarin GAD na iya wanzu.
Don gane ciwon sukari a cikin lokaci, bincike yana taimakawa gano ƙarancin abubuwa a cikin jikin mutum.
Da zaran an gudanar da jarrabawar, da saurin magani zai zama.
Nunawa don rikitarwa
Ciwon sukari na farko da na biyu, yana ci gaba, yana kusan kusan dukkanin gabobin ciki mutum.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, lalacewar jijiyoyin jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini suna faruwa.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai rikice-rikice a cikin aikin yawancin gabobin.
Sakamakon mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da "ciwo mai laushi" sune irin waɗannan cututtuka:
- maganin ciwon sukari - lalacewar cibiyar sadarwa na jijiyoyin bugun gini;
- mai ciwon sukari nephropathy - cututtukan koda wanda a cikin aikin jijiyoyin, arterioles, glomeruli da tubules na kodan a hankali suke asara;
- ƙafafun ciwon sukari - wata cuta da ke haɗar da lalacewar jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙananan sassan;
- polyneuropathy - ilimin cuta wanda ya danganta da tsarin juyayi, wanda haƙuri ke rasa jin daɗin zafi da zafi, duka a cikin babba da ƙananan;
- ketoacidosis yanayi ne mai haɗari sakamakon haɗarin ketones, samfuran rushewar mai.
Mai zuwa jerin abubuwan da ya kamata a dauki gwaje-gwajen cutar ciwon suga don bincika kasancewar ko rashin rikitarwa:
- Gwajin jini na kwayoyin halitta yana taimakawa gano cututtuka daban-daban a farkon matakin ci gaba. Likitocin sun bada shawarar daukar wadannan gwaje-gwajen don ciwon sukari a kalla sau biyu a shekara. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna dabi'un cholesterol, furotin, urea, creatinine, sinadarin furotin da kuma lipids. Ana aiwatar da ilimin halittar jini ta hanyar daukar daga jijiya zuwa cikin komai a ciki, zai fi kyau da safe.
- Yin nazari akan ƙungiyar ya zama dole don nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 da kuma gunaguni na haƙuri na raunin gani. Gaskiya ne sananne cewa a cikin masu ciwon sukari na nau'in insulin-mai zaman kanta, yiwuwar lalacewar baya yana ƙaruwa sau 25 fiye da sauran mutane. Saboda haka, alƙawari tare da likitan mahaifa ya kamata a yi aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowane watanni shida.
- Microalbinium a cikin fitsari - neman takamaiman furotin. Sakamakon tabbatacce yana nuna ci gaban masu ciwon sukari. Don fitar da hasashe na nephropathy, ɗauki urinalysis na yau da kullun kowane watanni shida kuma zauna cikin kwanciyar hankali.
- An wajabta duban dan tayi koda ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da sakamako mai kyau ga microalbium a cikin fitsari.
- Wani ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa yana taimakawa gano matsaloli tare da tsarin zuciya.
- Gwajin Fructosamine - bincike ne wanda ke taimakawa ƙayyade matsakaicin darajar glucose a cikin makonni 2 da suka gabata. Ka'idar ta tanada daga 2.0 zuwa milliyan 2.8 a kowace lita.
Bugu da kari, ana yin duban dan tayi na arteries da veins, wanda ya zama dole don saurin gano cututtukan thrombosis na hanji. Kwararren likita yakamata ya lura da iya aiki da saurin hawan jini.
Fasali na jarabawa
Akwai wasu fasalulluka na bincike dangane da nau'in ciwon sukari da shekarun mai haƙuri. Kowane gwaji yana da takamaiman tsari da tsarin bincike.
Don gano nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, yawanci suna yin gwaji don glycohemoglobin, glucose plasma bazuwar, gwajin jini, da gwajin kwayoyin halitta.
Don sanin ciwon sukari na nau'in 2, yi gwajin sukari na jini, bazuwar sukari na jini daga jijiya, gwajin haemoglobin da ke motsa jini, da gwajin haƙuri a cikin glucose.
Binciken da ke sama ya dace wa manya. Koyaya, yanayin cutar sankarau a cikin yara da mata masu juna biyu ya ɗan bambanta. Don haka, ga yara, binciken da ya fi dacewa shine bincike kan azumin sukari mai azumi. Alamu na irin wannan gwajin na iya zama:
- kai yaro ɗan shekara 10;
- kasancewar yawan wuce kima a cikin yaro;
- gaban alamun "rashin lafiya mai laushi".
Kamar yadda kuka sani, ciwon sukari na cikin jiki na iya haɓaka yayin daukar ciki - wata cuta da ke faruwa sakamakon rashin daidaituwa na hormonal. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, kwayoyin cutar ta ɓace nan da nan bayan haihuwar jariri. Saboda haka, a cikin farkon watanni uku da watanni 1.5 bayan haihuwa, mata suna buƙatar yin gwajin haƙuri na glucose. Irin waɗannan matakan zasu iya hana haɓakar ciwon sukari da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a kula da kyakkyawan salon rayuwa don guje wa haɓakar "cuta mai daɗi". Saboda haka, akwai wasu ƙa'idodi, yarda da wanda ke hana hauhawar cututtukan zuciya:
- Abincin da ya dace, ban da abinci mai kitse, sauƙin abinci mai narkewa.
- Rayuwar rayuwa mai aiki, gami da kowane irin wasanni da tafiye-tafiye.
- A kai a kai suna bincika abubuwan sukari kuma a tabbata cewa an ɗauke duk kayan gwajin na ciwon sukari.
Wanne bincike ne ya cancanci zaba? Zai fi kyau zama a kan mafi saurin binciken da ke ba da sakamako daidai. Likita ya tsara takamaiman bincike, la'akari da yanayin lafiyar mai haƙuri, don tabbatar da cutar. Matsakaicin gwargwado don rigakafin ciwon sukari shine karatun yau da kullun akan abubuwan sukari da rikitarwa na ilimin cututtukan cuta. Ana iya sarrafa cutar sankara ta hanyar sanin lokacin da kuma yadda ake ɗaukar gwajin jini da fitsari.
Abin da gwaje-gwaje da kuke buƙatar shan sukari za su gaya wa gwani a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
