Abu na farko da ake buƙatar faɗi a cikin labarin game da sababbin hanyoyin magance cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ba shine dogaro da yawa akan mu'ujiza ba, amma daidaita al'ada sukari na jini a yanzu. Don yin wannan, dole ne ku cika shirin kula da masu ciwon sukari na type 1 ko shirin kula da masu ciwon sukari na 2. Bincike a cikin sababbin hanyoyin magance cututtukan sukari yana ci gaba, kuma ba da jimawa ba, masana kimiyya za su yi nasara. Amma har sai wannan lokacin farin ciki, ku da Ni har yanzu muna buƙatar rayuwa. Hakanan, idan kwaron kuɗin ku har yanzu suna samar da insulin a cikin ɗan adadin, to yana da matukar kyau a kula da wannan ƙarfin, kar a bar shi ya shuɗe.
Bincike a cikin sababbin hanyoyin magance cututtukan cututtukan fata sun mayar da hankali kan nemo ingantattun magunguna don kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 1 don adana marasa lafiya daga yin allurar. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, a yau zaku iya yin ba tare da insulin a cikin 90% na lokuta ba, idan kun lura da shi sosai tare da rage cin abinci na karas da motsa jiki tare da jin daɗi. A cikin labarin da ke ƙasa, zaku iya koyon wuraren da ake haɓaka sabbin hanyoyi don magance yadda yakamata ku magance nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, haka kuma LADA, mai kawo ƙarshen ciwon sukari mellitus auto -mune.
Ka tuna cewa insulin a jikin mutum yana samar da sel na beta, waɗanda suke a cikin tsibirin na Langerhans a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Nau'in na 1 na ciwon sukari yana tasowa saboda tsarin garkuwar jiki yana lalata yawancin sel. Me yasa tsarin rigakafi ya fara kai farmaki ga sel beta har yanzu ba'a kafa shi daidai ba. An san cewa wadannan hare-haren suna haifar da wasu cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo guda biyu, sanannen sane da jariri tare da madara saniya da magadan da ba a ci nasara ba. Manufar haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankula shine a maido da daidai adadin adadin ƙwayoyin beta masu aiki.
A halin yanzu, ana inganta sababbin hanyoyin da yawa don magance wannan matsalar. Dukkansu sun kasu gida uku:
- dasawa da alade, da jikinsa ko sel;
- zargi (“cloning”) na sel;
- immunomodulation - dakatar da harin na rigakafi da tsarin kan sel beta.
Canza ƙwayar koda da ƙwayoyin beta na mutum
Masana kimiyya da likitoci a halin yanzu suna da fa'idodi masu yawa don aikin juyawa. Fasaha ta sami kyakkyawan ci gaba; tushe na kimiya da kwarewar aiki a fagen dasawa yana ci gaba da bunkasa. Sunyi kokarin jujjuya kwayoyin halitta daban-daban ga mutanen da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 1: daga dukkan kumburin zuciya zuwa ga kashin jikin mutum da kwayoyin sa. An bambanta manyan manyan rafuffukan kimiyya, gwargwadon abin da aka gabatar da shi don canzawa ga marasa lafiya:
- dasa wani bangare na farji;
- dasa tsiran tsibiri na Langerhans ko kuma sel guda;
- juyawa daga sel wanda aka sake juyawa don a samu kyautar beta a wurinsu.
An sami gogewa mai mahimmanci a cikin aiwatar da juzu'i na koda mai ba da gudummawa tare da wani ɓangare na cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ga marasa lafiya da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 wanda suka ci gaza. Yawan rayuwar marasa lafiya bayan irin wannan aikin hada hadarin yanzu ya wuce 90% a farkon shekarar. Babban abu shine a zabi magungunan da suka dace game da kin amincewa da kwayar cutar ta rigakafi.
Bayan irin wannan aikin, marasa lafiya sun sami ikon yin insulin har tsawon shekaru 1-2, amma sai aikin ƙwayar da ke cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta don samar da insulin ya zama babu makawa. Ana aiwatar da aikin haɓakar ƙwayar koda da wani ɓangare na pancreas ne kawai a lokuta masu tsanani na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari mai rikitarwa ta hanyar nephropathy, watau, lalacewar koda. A cikin yanayin mai laushi mara lahani, irin wannan aikin ba da shawarar ba. Hadarin rikice-rikice yayin aiki da kuma bayan aikin yana da girma sosai kuma ya wuce amfanin da ya yuwu. Shan magunguna don murkushe tsarin rigakafi yana haifar da mummunan sakamako, kuma duk da haka, akwai babban damar kin amincewa.
Binciken yiwuwar dasawar tsibiri na Langerhans ko kowane sel na beta yana cikin matakan binciken dabbobi. An gane cewa dasa tsiran tsibiri na Langerhans ya fi samun cika alkhairi fiye da ɗakunan beta. Amfani da wannan hanyar don lura da ciwon sukari irin 1 har yanzu ya zuwa yanzu.
Yin amfani da ƙwayoyin kara don mayar da adadin ƙwayoyin beta sun kasance batun yawancin bincike a cikin sababbin sababbin hanyoyin magance cututtukan sukari. Kwayoyin kara suna sel wadanda suke da iko na musamman don ƙirƙirar sababbin “ƙwararru” sel, gami da ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda suke samar da insulin. Tare da taimakon ƙwayoyin kara, suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa sabbin ƙwayoyin beta sun bayyana a jikin mutum, ba wai kawai a cikin hanji ba, har ma a hanta da jijiyoyin wuya. Zai dauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin a yi amfani da wannan hanyar a amince da inganci don magance cututtukan sukari a cikin mutane.
Ctionwayarwa da cloning na sel sel
Masu binciken yanzu suna ƙoƙarin haɓaka hanyoyin zuwa "clone" sel beta pancicic sel a cikin dakin binciken da ke samar da insulin. A takaice, an riga an warware wannan aikin; yanzu muna buƙatar sanya tsarin ya zama mai araha kuma mai araha. Masana kimiyya suna motsawa koyaushe a cikin wannan shugabanci. Idan isassun ƙwayoyin beta suna “yaduwa”, to za a iya tura su cikin jikin mai haƙuri da masu cutar siga guda 1, don haka su warke.
Idan tsarin rigakafin bai fara hallaka sel beta ba, to za a iya samar da insulin al'ada na tsawon rayuwar ku. Idan hare-haren autoimmune ke faruwa a kan jijiyoyin, to mai haƙuri kawai yana buƙatar shigar da wani sashi na ƙwayoyin beta na “cloned”. Ana iya maimaita wannan tsari sau da yawa yadda ake buƙata.
A cikin tashoshin koda, akwai sel wadanda sune “mafificinsu” na sel. Wani sabon magani game da ciwon sukari wanda ke da matukar yiwuwar shi ne don haɓaka canjin “ƙaddara” cikin sel mai cike da tsari. Abinda kawai kuke buƙata shine allurar intramuscular ta furotin na musamman. Yanzu ana gwada wannan hanyar (riga a cikin jama'a!) A cibiyoyin bincike da yawa don kimanta tasiri da tasirin sakamako.
Wani zaɓi shine don gabatar da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da insulin a cikin hanta ko ƙwayoyin koda. Ta yin amfani da wannan hanyar, masana kimiyya sun riga sun sami damar warkar da ciwon sukari a cikin berayen gwaje-gwaje, amma kafin fara gwada shi a cikin mutane, har yanzu ana buƙatar shawo kan matsaloli masu yawa.
Kamfanoni biyu masu fafatukar fasahar kere-kere suna yin gwaji duk da haka wani sabon magani ga masu ciwon sukari na 1. Suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da allura ta musamman don samar da ƙwayoyin beta don ninka dama a cikin hancin. Ana iya yin wannan har sai an maye gurbin duk sel da aka rasa. A cikin dabbobi, an bayar da rahoton wannan hanyar aiki sosai. Wani babban kamfani mai suna Eli Lilly ya shiga cikin binciken
Tare da duk sababbin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da aka lissafa a sama, akwai matsala gama gari - tsarin rigakafi yana ci gaba da lalata sabbin ƙwayoyin beta. Kashi na gaba ya bayyana yiwuwar hanyoyin magance wannan matsalar.
Yadda za a dakatar da Rikicin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin cuta
Yawancin marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari, har ma da waɗanda ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, suna riƙe da ƙaramin adadin ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Abun takaici, wadannan hanyoyin garkuwar jikin mutane suna haifar da farin jinin jini wadanda suke lalata sel beta daidai gwargwadon yadda suke yawaita, ko ma cikin sauri.
Idan zai yuwu a ware rigakafi zuwa ga sel beta na pancreas, to masana kimiyya zasu iya kirkirar rigakafi a kansu. Inje na wannan rigakafin zai karfafa tsarin na rigakafi don rusa wadannan kwayoyin. Sannan sel wadanda suka tsira za su iya haihuwa ba tare da tsangwama ba, kuma ta haka ne za a warke da cutar siga. Tsohon masu ciwon sukari na iya buƙatar sake maimaita allurar rigakafin a cikin 'yan shekaru. Amma wannan ba matsala bane, idan aka kwatanta da nauyin da masu cutar sukari ke ɗauka yanzu.
Sabuwar Jiyya na Ciwon Cutar: Cutar
Yanzu kun fahimci dalilin da yasa yake da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda kuka bar su da rai? Da fari dai, yana sauƙaƙa ciwon sukari. Abin da ya fi dacewa yana adana kuɗin insulin, mafi sauƙi shine sarrafa cutar. Abu na biyu, masu ciwon sukari waɗanda suka kiyaye rayayyun ƙwayoyin beta za su kasance 'yan takarar farko don magani ta amfani da sabbin hanyoyin da wuri-wuri. Kuna iya taimaka wa sel ɗinku su tsira idan kun kula da sukarin jini na yau da kullun sannan ku yi insulin don rage nauyin da yake gudana. Karanta ƙari game da nau'in 1 na maganin ciwon sukari.
Yawancin mutane da suka kamu da ciwon sukari kwanan nan, ciki har da iyayen yara masu fama da ciwon sukari, suna jan dogon tsayi tare da fara maganin insulin. An yi imani cewa idan kuna buƙatar allura na insulin, to, mai ciwon sukari yana da ƙafa ɗaya a cikin kabari. Irin waɗannan marasa lafiya sun dogara da charlatans, kuma a ƙarshe, ana lalata sel beta na pancreas kowane ɗayan, saboda jahilcin su. Bayan karanta wannan labarin, kun fahimci dalilin da yasa suke hana kansu dama ta amfani da sabbin hanyoyin magance cutar siga, koda kuwa sun bayyana a gaba.
