Insulin famfo - ka'idar aiki, bita da ƙira, nazarin masu ciwon sukari

Menene famfo na insulin

Motar insulin ita ce takaddar na'urar da aka tsara don ci gaba da gudanar da ƙananan allurai na kwayar halittar cikin kasusuwa. Yana bayar da ƙarin tasirin kwayar cutar insulin, kwashe ayyukan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Wasu samfuran famfo na insulin na iya ci gaba da sanya sukari na jini don canza canjin kwayar cikin hanzari tare da hana haɓakar hauhawar jini.

Na'urar tana da abubuwa masu zuwa:

• famfo (famfo) tare da karamin allo da makullin sarrafawa;
• kabad mai maye gurbin insulin;
• tsarin jiko - cannula don sakawa da catheter;
• batura (batura).

Motocin insulin na zamani suna da ƙarin ayyuka waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa rayuwa mai sauƙi ga masu ciwon sukari:

• atomatik dakatar da ci daga cikin insulin a yayin haɓakar haɓakawar jini;
• lura da taro na glucose a cikin jini;
• siginar sauti lokacin da sukari ya tashi ko ya faɗi;
• danshi kariya;
• da ikon canja wurin bayanai zuwa kwamfutar game da adadin insulin da aka karba da kuma matakin sukari a cikin jini;
• nesa ba da izini ba.

An tsara wannan na'urar don tsarin kulawa ta insulin da zazzagewa.

Ka'idojin aiki na kayan aiki

Akwai wani piston a cikin matsewar bututun, wanda a wasu lokuta ke danna kan akwatinta tare da insulin, ta yadda za a tabbatar da gabatarwar ta cikin bututun roba zuwa cikin kashin karkashin kasa.

Ya kamata a maye gurbin catheters da masu ciwon sukari kowane kwana 3. A lokaci guda kuma, wurin gudanar da aikin hormone shima ya canza. Ana iya sanya ƙwayar cannula a ciki na ciki; ana iya haɗa shi zuwa fata na cinya, kafada, ko gindi. Magungunan yana cikin tanki na musamman a cikin na'urar. Don famfo na insulin, ana amfani da kwayoyi marasa amfani na gajere: Humalog, Apidra, NovoRapid.

Na'urar ta maye gurbin sirrin hanji, don haka ana gudanar da homon a cikin matakai 2 - bolus da na asali. Mai ciwon sukari yana ɗaukar nauyin ƙwayar insus ɗin da hannu bayan kowace abinci, la'akari da adadin raka'a gurasa. Tsarin asali shine ci gaba da ɗaukar ƙananan allurai na insulin, wanda ya maye gurbin amfani da insulins masu aiki da dogon lokaci. Kwayar ta shiga cikin jijiyar jini kowane 'yan mintoci a cikin karamin rabo.

Wanene ya nuna famfon din insulin

Ga duk mai fama da ciwon sukari wanda ke buƙatar allurar insulin, suna iya shigarda famfon kamar yadda suke so. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a gaya wa mutum dalla-dalla game da duk karfin na'urar, don bayyana yadda ake iya daidaita adadin maganin.

Amfani da famfo na insulin ana bada shawara sosai a irin waɗannan yanayi:

• m hanyar cutar, m hypoglycemia;
• yara da matasa waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙananan allurai na miyagun ƙwayoyi;
• idan mutum ya kamu da kwayar cutar kansa;
• da rashin iyawa don cimma kyawawan dabi'un glucose lokacin da aka allura;
• rashin biyan diyya na cutar kansa (glycosylated haemoglobin sama da 7%);
• “Asubahi ta alfijir” - gagarumin ƙaruwa a cikin yawan glucose akan farkawa;
• rikicewar ciwon sukari, musamman ci gaban neuropathy;
• shiri don daukar ciki da dukkan ajalinta;
• Marasa lafiya waɗanda ke yin rayuwa mai aiki, suna kan tafiye-tafiyen kasuwanci na yau da kullun, ba za su iya shirya abinci ba.

Fa'idodin Suturar masu ciwon sukari

• Kula da daidaitaccen glucose na yau da kullun ba tare da tsalle-tsalle ba a cikin rana saboda amfani da hormone na aikin ultrashort.
• Yawan bolus na miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da daidaito na raka'a 0.1. Za'a iya daidaita yawan adadin insulin a cikin yanayin asali, mafi ƙarancin adadin shine raka'a 0.025.
• Yawan rage allura - an sanya cannula sau ɗaya a kowace kwana uku, kuma lokacin amfani da sirinji mai haƙuri yana ciyar da injections 5 kowace rana. Wannan yana rage haɗarin lipodystrophy.
• Simpleididdigar mai sauƙin adadin insulin. Mutum yana buƙatar shigar da bayanai cikin tsarin: matakin glucose wanda ake buƙata da kuma buƙatar magani a lokuta daban-daban na rana. Bayan haka, kafin cin abinci, ya rage don nuna adadin carbohydrates, kuma na'urar da kanta zata shiga kashi da ake so.
• Ba a gan sauran famfon insulin.
• Gudanar da sukari na jini yayin motsa jiki, ana saukaka idodi. Mai haƙuri zai iya ɗan canza abincinsa ba tare da lahani ga jiki ba.
• Na'urar tana nuna alamar raguwa ko ƙaruwa a cikin glucose, wanda ke taimakawa hana haɓakar ƙwayar cutar siga.
• Adana bayanai a cikin 'yan watannin da suka gabata game da allurai na hormone da kuma ƙimar sukari. Wannan, tare da nuna alama na glycosylated haemoglobin, yana ba da izinin sake duba ingancin magani.

Rashin amfanin amfani

Wani famfo na insulin zai iya magance matsaloli da yawa da suka shafi aikin insulin. Amma amfani da shi yana da nasa hasara:

• babban farashin na'urar da kayan sawa, wanda dole ne a canza shi kowane kwana 3;
• haɗarin ketoacidosis yana ƙaruwa saboda babu isasshen insulin a cikin jiki;
• da bukatar sarrafa matakan glucose sau 4 a rana ko fiye, musamman a farkon amfani da famfo;
• hadarin kamuwa da cuta a wurin da aka sanya cannula da haɓakar ɓacin ciki;
• da yiwuwar dakatar da gabatarwar hormone saboda rashin aiki na kayan aiki;
• ga wasu masu ciwon sukari, sanya suturar kullun na iya zama mara laushi (musamman yayin yin iyo, bacci, yin jima'i);
• Akwai haɗarin lalacewar na'urar yayin wasa wasanni.

Ba a inshorar fam ɗin insulin da fashewar abubuwa ba wanda zai iya haifar da yanayi mai mahimmanci ga mai haƙuri. Don hana wannan daga faruwa, mai ciwon sukari yakamata ya kasance tare da shi:

1. Sirinji mai cike da insulin, ko alkalami mai rubutu.
2. Katun sauya kayan kwalliyar hormone da jiko.
3. Sauya fakitin baturin.
4. Mitar glucose na jini
5. Abincin abinci mai girma a cikin carbohydrates mai sauri (ko Allunan glucose).

Lissafin sashi

Yawan lissafi da saurin miyagun ƙwayoyi ta amfani da famfon insulin ana lissafta su ne gwargwadon sashin insulin wanda mai haƙuri ya karɓa kafin amfani da na'urar. Ana rage yawan kashi na hormone da kashi 20%, a cikin yanayin basal, ana gudanar da rabin wannan adadin.

Da farko, yawan shan magunguna iri ɗaya ne a cikin kullun. A nan gaba, mai ciwon sukari yana daidaita tsarin kulawa da kansa: saboda wannan, ya zama dole don auna alamu na yau da kullun na alamun jini. Misali, zaku iya ƙara yawan ci a cikin asuba, wanda yake mahimmanci ga masu ciwon sukari tare da cututtukan hyperglycemia yayin farkawa.

An saita yanayin bolus da hannu. Dole ne mai haƙuri ya haddace yawan insulin da ake buƙata don ɓangaren burodi ɗaya gwargwadon lokacin rana. A nan gaba, kafin cin abinci, kuna buƙatar ƙididdige adadin carbohydrates, kuma na'urar da kanta zata lissafa adadin adadin kwayoyin.

Don saukaka wa marasa lafiya, famfon yana da zaɓuɓɓuka guda uku don tsarin keɓaɓɓen sabulu:

1. Na al'ada - wadatar da insulin sau daya kafin cin abinci.
2. Wucewa - ana ba da kwayar zuwa cikin jini a cikin dan wani lokaci, wanda ya dace lokacin cin abinci mai yawan jinkirin carbohydrates.
3. Sau biyu bolus - Ana gudanar da rabi na miyagun ƙwayoyi nan da nan, sauran kuma sun zo a hankali a cikin ƙananan rabo, ana amfani da shi don tsawanin idodi.

Kayayyaki

Tsarin jiko wanda ya ƙunshi shambura na roba (catheters) da cannulas dole ne a maye gurbinsu kowane kwana 3. Da sauri suna zama cikin gajiya, sakamakon wanda samarwar hodar ke tsayawa. Kudin tsarin guda ɗaya daga 300 zuwa 700 rubles.

Wuraren da za'a iya zubar dasu (katukan katako) na insulin sun ƙunshi daga 1.8 ml zuwa 3.15 ml na samfurin. Farashin katako ya kasance daga 150 zuwa 250 rubles.

Gaba ɗaya, kusan 6,000 rubles dole ne a kashe don ɗaukar ƙirar samfurin insulin famfo. da wata. Idan ƙirar tana da aikin lura da glucose koyaushe, ya fi tsada don kula da ita. Mai firikwensin tsawon mako guda na amfani da kimanin 4000 rubles.

Akwai kayan haɗi daban-daban waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa ɗaukar nauyin famfo: bel naɗi, shirye-shiryen bidiyo, murfi don ɗaurawa da takalmin ƙarfe, murfin tare da ɗaure kayan don ɗaukar na'urar a ƙafa.

Tsarin da suke ciki

A Rasha, famfon na insulin na kamfanonin masana'antu guda biyu suna yaduwa - Roche da Medtronic. Waɗannan kamfanoni suna da ofisoshin wakilan nasu da wuraren sabis, inda zaku iya tuntuɓar yayin fashewar na'urar.

Fasali na samfuran iri daban-daban na matatun insulin:

MMT-715 na marasa lafiya

Mafi sauƙin samfurin shine aikin ƙididdigar yawan insulin. Yana goyan bayan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 3 na bolus da tsaka-tsakin basal 48 yau da kullun. Ana adana bayanai akan kwayoyin da aka gabatar don kwanaki 25.

MMT-522 na wucin gadi, MMT-722

An sanye na'urar da aiki don lura da glucose na jini, bayanai game da alamu suna cikin ƙwaƙwalwar na'urar har tsawon makonni 12. Mai famfo na insulin yana nuna raguwa mai mahimmanci ko haɓaka sukari ta hanyar siginar sauti, girgizawa. Yana yiwuwa a saita masu tunatarwar glucose.

Vet-554 na MMT-554 na wucin gadi

Tsarin yana da duk fa'idodin sigar da ta gabata. Minimumarancin yawan basal na yawan insulin shine 0.025 U / h, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da wannan na'urar a cikin yara da masu ciwon sukari tare da ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki. Matsakaicin kowace rana, zaku iya shiga zuwa raka'a 75 - yana da mahimmanci idan juriya insulin juriya. Bugu da kari, wannan samfurin an sanye shi da aiki don dakatar da kwararar magunguna ta atomatik idan akwai yanayin hypoglycemic.

Roche Accu-Chek Combo

Wani amfani mai mahimmanci game da wannan famfo shine kasancewar kwamitin sarrafawa wanda ke aiki ta amfani da fasaha ta Bluetooth. Wannan yana ba ku damar amfani da na'urar baƙi. Na'urar zata iya tsayayya da nutsar cikin ruwa zuwa zurfin da bai wuce 2.5 m ba har zuwa minti 60. Wannan samfurin yana ba da garantin aminci, wanda microprocessors biyu ke bayar dashi.

Kamfanin Isra’ila Geffen Medical ya samar da sabbin inshorar insulin mara waya ta zamani Insulet OmniPod, wanda ya ƙunshi ikon sarrafawa da kuma tafki mai ruwa don insulin wanda aka sanya akan jikin. Abin baƙin ciki, har yanzu babu ainihin isar da samfurin wannan samfurin zuwa Rasha. Ana iya siyanta a shagunan kan layi na ƙasashen waje.

Farashin famfan insulin

• MMT-715 na medtronic - 90 dubu rubles;
• MMT-522 na wucin gadi da MMT-722 - 115,000 rubles;
• Vet-554 na MedTronic Veo-554 da MMT-754 - 200 000 rubles;
• Roche Accu-Chek - 97,000 rubles;
• OmniPod - 29,400 rubles. (abubuwan cinyewa na tsawon wata guda zasu ci dubu 20 rubles).

Zan iya samunsa kyauta

Dangane da umarnin Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha wacce aka sanya ranar 29 ga Disamba, 2014, mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari na iya samun na'urar don yin maganin insulin a kyauta. Don yin wannan, yakamata ya tuntubi likitansa wanda zai shirya takaddun takarda don sashen yankin. Bayan wannan, an yi layin mara lafiya don shigowar na'urar.

Zaɓin tsarin kula da maganin horarwa da ilimin haƙuri ana aiwatar da shi tsawon makonni biyu a cikin sashin ƙwararrun sashen. Daga nan sai a nemi mara lafiyar ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya wacce ba a bayar da na'urar ba. Ba a sanya su cikin rukunin mahimman kuɗi ba, don haka jihar ba ta ware kasafin kuɗi don sayen su ba. Hukumomin yankin na iya tara kuɗaɗe don mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari. Yawancin lokaci, wannan amfani yana amfani da nakasassu da yara.

Nazarin masu ciwon sukari