Taimako na Farko ga Ciwon Cutar

Cutar sankara (mellitus) cuta ce mai haɗari, wacce ke ɗauke da haɓaka mai yawa a cikin sukarin jini, ba wai kawai ba, har ƙasa. Duk wannan yana haifar da haɓakar ƙwayar cutar hyperglycemic ko hypoglycemic coma, wanda yake yawan mutuwa ga marasa lafiya. Saboda haka, lokacin da alamun farko na waɗannan yanayin sun bayyana, mai ciwon sukari dole ne a fara bayar da taimako na farko. Kuma menene ma'aunin kulawa da ciwon sukari, yanzu za ku gano.

A takaice game da cutar

Ciwon sukari mellitus na haɓaka a cikin waɗannan lambobin:

• karancin insulin a jiki (nau'in ciwon sukari 1, shima ana kiran shi insulin-dependant);
• rage ji na sel daga insulin (nau'in ciwon sukari na 2).

Insulin wani sinadari ne wanda ke rushewa kuma yana taimakawa glucose. Yana godiya a gare shi cewa jiki yana karɓar makamashin da yake buƙata don aikin al'ada. Cutar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ita ce ke da alhakin samar da insulin. Game da lalacewar kwayoyin jikinta, wannan tsari ya lalace kuma ci gaban ciwon sukari ya fara.

T2DM, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana samun shi a cikin yanayi kuma yana haɓakawa daga tushen rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rayuwa mai wuce gona da iri, shan giya, da sauransu. Ci gaban nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 shine mafi yawanci yakan haifar da yanayin gado kuma mafi akasari ana gano shi a cikin ƙuruciya.

Yana da mahimmanci sosai don sarrafa nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari a cikin yara, tun da bayyanar sa yana haifar da cin zarafin metabolism a cikin jiki, wanda ke haifar da saurin nauyi. Wannan na iya yin illa ga lafiyar ɗabiɗan gaba ɗaya kuma ya tsokani ci gaba da sauran cututtukan haɗari masu haɗari, gami da cutar cholesterol, varicose veins (galibi alamomi na farko suna faruwa ne lokacin da shekarun 12-16 yake), thrombophlebitis, pathologies of the cardiovascular system and da sauransu

Babban alamun cutar sankarau sune:

• bushe baki da ƙishirwa koyaushe.
• asarar nauyi (tare da T1DM) ko karuwa (tare da T2DM);
• dogon warkar da raunuka da yanke akan fata;
• karuwar gumi;
• rauni na tsoka;
• bushewa da itching da fata.

Tunda a cikin ciwon sukari, glucose ya daina shanyewa ta sel kuma ya tara a cikin jini, cirewar sa daga jiki yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kodan tare da fitsari. Wannan yana ba da nauyi a jikin gabobin fitsari, wanda zai tsokani bayyanar sauran alamomin, misali:

• urination akai-akai;
• jin zafi a ciki;
• tashin zuciya
• rashin ruwa a jiki.

Cutar tamowa itace sanadiyyar yawan cutar sankarau a cikin matasa.

Sakamakon cewa aikin hana daukar ciki a cikin sel ya tozarta, jikin ya fara jawo makamashi daga ajiyar shi, watau daga adon mai. Samun kuzari daga gare su yana ɗaukar ƙarin makamashi daga jiki kuma yana haifar da bayyanar jikin ketone a cikin jini. Su, bi da bi, suna haifar da bayyanar rikice-rikice iri daban-daban, a cikinsu akwai wadataccen coma da ketoacidosis.

Ketoocytosis yanayi ne mai matukar muhimmanci wanda zai iya yin muni. Sabili da haka, idan ya faru, yana buƙatar gaggawa cikin gaggawa don taimakawa masu ciwon sukari.

Ketoocytosis yana bayyana kanta tare da alamu masu zuwa:

• zuciya tashin hankali;
• matsananciyar ƙishirwa;
• rage fitar fitsari;
• bayyanar warin acetone daga bakin;
• zawo
• tashin zuciya da amai
• pallor na fata;
• rage ayyukan kwakwalwa, da sauransu.

Ragewa da haɓaka matakan sukari na jini sama da ƙayyadaddun al'amuran shima hatsari ne ga mai haƙuri. Idan, a kan farawar hypoglycemia ko hyperglycemia, ba za a ba wa mai haƙuri magani a kan lokaci ba, haɗarin haɓakar haɓakawar hypoglycemic ko coper hyperglycemic coma yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa. Kuma suna iya haifar da mutuwa cikin maganganun sa'o'i, ɓoyayyiyar ƙwayar cuta, faɗuwar hangen nesa, da dai sauransu

Jinin jini

Kuma don hana haɓakar waɗannan yanayi, masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar auna sukarin jininsu koyaushe tare da glucometer kuma ɗaukar matakai don sarrafa shi. A yayin da lura da kai ya nuna ci gaba mai yawa a cikin glucose na jini da jikin ketone (wasu samfuran glucose suna auna su ma), ya kamata ku ziyarci likita nan da nan kuma ku sanar dashi matsalolin da suka taso.

Yanayin rashin lafiyar jiki

Taimako na farko don ciwon sukari shine kawai dole lokacin da yanayin hyperglycemic ya faru. An kwatanta shi da tsalle mai tsayi a cikin sukarin jini fiye da iyakar ƙimar ƙa'idar aiki. Yana tasowa sakamakon isasshen aikin insulin ta hanji ko kuma tare da ƙoshin buƙatun jiki na wannan hormone tare da:

Taimako na farko don maganin cutar rashin motsa jiki

• ciki;
• yin rauni;
• hanyoyin tiyata;
• da ci gaban da cututtuka.

Lokacin da ake bincika ciwon sukari, yanayin hyperglycemic yakan faru a lokuta da yawa:

• cin abinci ba tare da allurar insulin ba;
• karya dokar don gudanar da allurar insulin (ana sanya su a karkashi, kuma wasu mutane na yi musu allura a ciki, wanda bai kamata a yi ba).

Sakamakon haka, jiki ya fara fuskantar karancin insulin, glucose ya zauna a cikin jini, sel kuma suka fara jin yunwar abinci. A wannan yanayin, ƙwayoyin mai suna fara yin oxidize da jefa abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin jini - acetone da jikin ketone. Abubuwan da ke cikin su na hawan jini suna cutar da tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya, tasoshin jini da aikin ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya.

Acidosis yana da matakai da yawa na ci gabansa:

• matsakaici matakin bayyanar ga jikin ketone a jiki (mutum yana jin ɗan rauni kaɗan da rawar jiki a cikin jiki);
• precoa mataki (vomiting ya bayyana, fata integuments juya pale, palpitations hanzari, da dai sauransu);
• coma.

Bayyanar cututtuka na yanayin rashin lafiya

Acidosis a farkon matakan ci gabanta ya bayyana kanta ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mafi sau da yawa, marasa lafiya suna koka game da ƙara yawan barci, raguwa a cikin aiki, rashin ci, bayyanar tinnitus, saurin urination, ƙishirwa mara nauyi da jin zafi a cikin ƙananan ciki.

Babban alamun yanayin rashin lafiyar

A lokaci guda, idan kuna magana da mai haƙuri a nesa, zaku iya lura da bayyanar ƙanshin ƙarancin acetone daga bakinsa, wanda ba shi da tushe a yanayin al'ada.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, idan a gaban irin wadannan alamu ana yin gwajin jini ta amfani da glucometer, to za a iya lura da karuwa sosai a matakan sukari na jini. Zai iya bambanta tsakanin 19-20 mmol / l. Akwai wani ƙayyadaddun ka'idoji na ƙwararrun likitancin likita don maganin ciwon sukari, wanda ya faɗi cewa tare da irin waɗannan alamun alamun glucose a cikin jini, yakamata a yi ƙoƙari don rage shi. Don wannan, ana amfani da magunguna masu rage sukari na musamman. Da zaran matakin sukari ya sauka zuwa dabi'un al'ada, toshewar jikin ketone shima zai ragu kuma yanayin mai haƙuri zai inganta.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari an bayyana su ta hanyar hoto mai ƙoshin lafiya. Tare da haɓakawarsa, marasa lafiya galibi suna fuskantar alamomin masu zuwa:

• tsananin tashin zuciya;
• amai
• rauni na tsoka;
• rashin kulawa ga duk abin da ya faru a kusa;
• zuciya tashin hankali;
• zafi a cikin zuciya da ƙananan ciki;
• urination akai-akai.

Tare da farawa na hyperglycemic coma, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar asibiti mai gaggawa

Marasa lafiya da ke da irin wannan yanayin na iya jin rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci (har zuwa kwanaki 2). A matsayinka na mai mulki, a matakin precoma, suna da hankali, amma a lokaci guda suna da rikice-rikice na CNS, wanda zai iya bayyana kansu azaman hanawa, rashin kulawa, da sauransu.

Fitowar mara lafiya shima ya canza. Fatar ta sami launin shuɗi, ya bushe kuma ya bushe. Fushin lebe na iya fashewa da jin zafi. Wani fasalin yanayin wannan yanayin shine bayyanar launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi akan harshe.

Idan har aka fara bayar da maganin rashin lafiyan mara lafiyan mara lafiyar, to alamu zasu karu kuma cutar sikila zata inganta. Don halin ta, hoton mai zuwa na asibiti:

• gazawar numfashi;
• tachycardia;
• ƙanshi mai ƙamshi na acetone daga bakin;
• kunnuwa masu ƙima;
• rage karfin jini;
• ƙara sautin tsoka;
• rashin ruwa a jiki.
• raguwa a cikin zafin jiki.

Haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta hyperglycemic koyaushe yana tare da alamun lalacewar kowane gabobin ciki da tsarin. Kuma mafi yawan lokuta shi ne jijiyoyin ciki, tsarin jijiyoyin jini ko tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.

Idan babu ingantaccen magani, cutar sikila na iya haifar da mutuwa!

Don yin cikakkiyar ganewar asali da tantance dabarar ƙarin magani, gwajin jini da fitsari wajibi ne. Babban alamar farkon farawar hyperglycemic coma shine karuwa a cikin sukari na jini sama da 30 mmol / L.

Amma a wasu lokuta ana lura da alamun mummunan acidosis tare da karuwa a cikin glucose zuwa 11-12 mmol / l. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan yana faruwa ne a gaban ciki ko cin zarafin giya. Sau da yawa, ana ganin farkon acidosis a cikin samartaka, wanda ke da alaƙa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki da damuwa na yau da kullun.

Haka kuma, yayin gwajin gwajin fitsari, an gano glycosuria, wato, haɓaka abun ciki na glucose da acetone a cikin kayan gwajin, wanda bai kamata ya zama daidai ba ko kaɗan. Hakanan ana gano acetone ta hanyar gwajin jini na kwayoyin.

Taimako tare da yanayin rashin lafiya

Ana buƙatar kulawa da gaggawa ga masu ciwon sukari koda a daidai lokacin da alamun farkon acidosis suka bayyana. Da farko kuna buƙatar yin gwajin jini. Idan sakamakon ya wuce 13 mmol / l, lallai ne akwai buƙatar gudanarwar gaggawa na insulin. Bugu da kari, ana buƙatar shan abin sha mai yawa, tunda a wannan matakin na hyperglycemic state, ana lura akai-akai urination kuma akwai haɗari mai yawa na rashin ruwa.

A lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar bincika matakin sukari na jini kowane awa 2 kuma sanya allurar insulin har sai alamomin su zama al'ada. A matsayinka na mai mulki, a waɗannan halayen, yi amfani da sashin insulin wanda aka saba, wanda likita ya riga ya tsara shi. Idan allurar a hade tare da shan giya mai tsoka ba ta bayar da sakamako mai kyau a cikin awanni 6-8, yana da gaggawa a kira kungiyar likitoci. Yayinda motar asibiti zata yi tafiya, ya kamata kar a sake yin ƙaramin sukari na jini ta allura, saboda wannan na iya haifar da yawan insulin cikin jiki.

Yanayin da zasu iya faruwa tare da karuwa mai yawa a cikin sukarin jini

Yawancin nau'ikan yanayin rashin lafiyar hyperglycemic shine mafi yawanci ana gano su a cikin waɗanda mutanen da ba a gano su da ciwon sukari mellitus ba. Dangane da haka, ba su da hanyoyin da za su iya taimaka musu wajen daidaita sukarin jininsu da daidaita yanayinsu, don haka suna buƙatar taimakon likita.

Mafi yawancin lokuta, irin waɗannan marasa lafiya ana zuwa asibiti nan da nan. Kuma a wannan yanayin, ana amfani da algorithm na ayyuka masu zuwa:

• na ciki mai guba na maganin maganin sodium chloride;
• ilimin insulin;
• sarrafa baki na maganin Regidron (yana hana bushewar jiki);
• samar da iskar oxygen ta hanyar mask (idan akwai gaggawa).

Bugu da kari, ana daukar matakan kawar da acidosis. Don wannan, ana yin layin na ciki tare da sodium bicarbonate da catheterization na mafitsara ana yin su. Wajibi ne a haɗa mai haƙuri da na'urar kulawa, wanda zai baka damar saka idanu akan yanayin sa. Idan mara lafiyar yana da raguwa a cikin karfin jini, an wajabta gudanarwar jijiya ta prednisone da hydrocortisone. Dukkanin ƙarin ayyukan ana sanya su daban-daban, gwargwadon yanayin mai haƙuri.

Hypoglycemic jihar

Halin hypoglycemic jihar yana nuna raguwa sosai a cikin yawan sukarin jini (ƙasa da 2.8 mmol / l) kuma yana faruwa lokacin da:

• theara yawan allurar insulin;
• amfani da kullun magunguna masu rage sukari.

Wadannan magungunan suna fara aiki ne bayan mintoci 10-15 bayan gudanarwa ko gudanarwa. Suna aiki da glucose sosai, idan kuma bayan su mutum ya manta da cin abinci, sai sukarin jini ya ragu sosai (glucose ba ta jiki ba, amma yana shiga kai tsaye da abinci).

Haɓaka haɗarin hauhawar jini

Hakanan farawar hypoglycemia kuma na iya faruwa akan asalin:

• karancin carbohydrate a abinci;
• matsanancin motsa jiki;
• abin da ya faru na ciwon huhu;
• dysfunction thyroid;
• rashin ƙarfi adrenal rashin ƙarfi;
• shan giya.

Bayyanar cututtuka na rashin lafiyar hypoglycemic

Cutar cututtukan zuciya na haihuwar ciki yana haɓaka ta hanzarta haɓaka. A farkon farkon ci gabansa, mai haƙuri yana da ciwon kai mai tsanani, jin daɗin yunwar, ƙara yawan gumi da kuma fata na fata. Bayan minti 20-30, bugun zuciya ya zama mafi yawan muni, rawar jiki yana bayyana a jiki, an lura da rikicewar gani. Wasu lokuta a cikin marasa lafiya tare da cutar hypoglycemic, ana lura da rikice-rikice na tsarin juyayi, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar harin tashin hankali. Bayan haka, an lura da danshi na fata da larura a cikin kafafu.

Bayyanar cututtukan hypoglycemia

Wani mahimmin fasali na farin jini a jiki shine cewa yayin haɓaka shi, numfashi mara haƙuri da bugun bugun zuciya ya kasance al'ada. Gwajin jini na ƙwayoyin cuta a lokaci guda yana nuna ƙimar sukarin jini kaɗan - ƙasa da 2.8 mmol / l.

Taimako tare da yanayin hypoglycemic

Lokacin da yanayin rashin lafiya na hypoglycemic ya faru, ya zama dole don aiwatar da matakan gaggawa da nufin daidaita matakan sukari na jini. Ba kamar hyperglycemia ba, a wannan yanayin yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa.

A matakin farko na haɓakar ƙwanƙwasawa, ya isa kawai a ba mai haƙuri shan shayi mai ɗanɗano ko ci alewa. Abin da samfurori za a ba su a wannan lokacin ba shi da mahimmanci, babban abin magana shi ne cewa suna dauke da carbohydrates mai sauƙin narkewa wanda zai iya daidaita jikin mutum da sauri tare da glucose kuma yana inganta yanayin haƙuri.

Idan ba a bayar da taimako game da farawar hypoglycemia akan lokaci ba kuma mutumin bai san komai ba, ana buƙatar kiran ƙungiyar likitoci. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana amfani da gudanarwar cikin jini na 40% na glucose bayani don daidaita sukari na jini, wanda ke mayar da mara lafiyar zuwa yanayin al'ada bayan mintuna 5-10. Idan waɗannan matakan ba su bayar da sakamako mai kyau ba, ana amfani da glucagon (ana kuma sarrafa shi a ciki).

Dole ne a fahimci cewa hyperglycemia da hypoglycemia yanayi ne mai haɗari wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwa. Saboda haka, lokacin da alamun farkon haɓakarsu suka bayyana, ya kamata a kira motar asibiti nan da nan.