Hyperglycemia kalma ce ta likitanci wanda ke nufin yanayin asibiti wanda yawan haɗuwa da glucose a cikin jini ya wuce ƙimar halatta.
Hyperglycemia ba cuta ba ce, cuta ce.
Classungiyar Cutar Cutar ta Duniya (ICD 10) tana ba da adadi mai yawa na cututtuka da rikice-rikice, sabili da haka an gabatar da lambar ƙira ko lambar uku. Lambar Hyperglycemia bisa ga ICD 10 yana da R73.
Ruwan jini: al'ada da karkacewa
Magungunan yana ɗaukar ƙimar 3.5 - 5.5 mmol / l zama al'ada (wanda aka yarda) wanda ke nuna matakan sukari na jini.
Matakan glucose daban-daban suna tantance matakai da yawa na cutar:
- m - 6.6-8.2 mmol / l;
- matsakaiciyar daraja - 8.3-11.0 mmol / l;
- nau'i mai nauyi - daga 11.1 mmol / l da sama;
- yanayin kafin ƙyamar - daga 16.5 mmol / l kuma mafi girma;
- coma - 55.5 mmol / L da mafi girma.
Bugu da kari, tare da cutar sankara, akwai nau'ikan cututtukan kamar:
- hyperglycemia a kan komai a ciki (a kan komai a ciki). Lokacin da mai haƙuri ke fama da yunwa fiye da awanni 8, kuma yawan ƙwayar sukari ya tashi zuwa 7.2 mmol / l;
- hyperglycemia bayan cin abinci mai nauyi (postprandial). A wannan yanayin, matakin glucose ya kai darajar 10 mmol / L kuma mafi girma.
Nau'in
Cutar tana bayyana kanta ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma tana faruwa:
- na kullum
- na-lokaci ne ko na gajeren lokaci;
- ba a tantance ba. Dangane da ICD 10, yana da lambar 9.
Kowane ɗayan nau'ikan cututtukan suna kamanta su ta musamman ci gaba.
Misali, cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan zuciya suna nunawa da rikitarwa na rayuwa kuma shine halayyar ciwon sukari mellitus.
Rashin magani a wannan yanayin na iya haifar da cutar hyperglycemic coma. Nau'in cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan jiki wani yanayi ne na ɗan gajeren lokaci, a wannan yanayin matakan glucose ya tashi bayan abinci mai yawa wanda ke da wadataccen carbohydrates.
Rashin daidaituwa da rashin daidaituwa ta rarrabuwa ya kasu kashi biyu:
- mai sauki (har zuwa 8 mmol / l glucose a cikin jini);
- matsakaici (11 mmol / l, ba ƙari ba);
- nauyi (sama da 16 mmol / l).
Wannan ilimin cutar ya bambanta da wasu a cikin cewa babu wasu dalilai bayyanannun abubuwan da suka faru na cutar. Sabili da haka, yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da taimakon gaggawa a cikin mawuyacin hali.
Don ƙarin cikakkiyar cikakkiyar ganewar asali ta cututtukan hawan jini, ana rubuto wannan binciken:
- jini don nazarin halittu;
- nazarin fitsari gabaɗaya;
- Duban dan tayi na ciki;
- tomography na kwakwalwa.
Dangane da sakamakon, likitan likita ya kayyade dalilin cutar kuma ya wajabta magani.
Sanadin cutar
ICD 10 hyperglycemia na iya haɓakawa a cikin matakai biyu: ilimin kimiyyar lissafi ko pathology.
Amma babban dalilin shine ragowar sukari guda biyu da nau'ikan 1 da 2.
Sanadin ilimin halittar jiki wanda ke haifar da hauhawar jini:
- rushewar tunani (damuwa), abin da ake kira reacia hyperglycemia;
- yawan jin zafi (rashin jigilar jini a jiki);
- cututtuka.
Abubuwan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan jini (wadanda ba masu ciwon sukari ba):
- cututtukan zuciya. Laifin glandar thyroid lokacin da adadin kuzari na kwayoyin hoda da ke samarwa ya shiga cikin jini;
- dakwannadama. Wannan ƙari ne na yanayin hormonal;
- acromegaly - cutar endocrine;
- glucagon. Cutar ƙwayar cuta ta cikin ƙwayar thyroid lokacin da ta samar da wani kwayar halitta ta musamman wanda ke haɓaka yanayin gaba ɗaya na glucose a cikin jini.
Wadanne abubuwa ne kwayoyin halittar jiki suke shafar faruwar cutar hauka?
Masu “alhakin” suga sukari jini shine insulin. Shine wanda ke “canzawa” glucose a cikin sel, yana tabbatar da matakin al'ada a cikin jini.
Jiki yana da kwayoyin halittar jini wanda ke kara yawan glucose. Waɗannan sun haɗa da hormones:
- adrenal gland (cortisol);
- glandar thyroid;
- pituitary gland shine yake (somatropin);
- pancreas (glucagon).
A cikin lafiyar jiki, duk waɗannan kwayoyin halittun suna aiki a cikin kide-kide, kuma glycemia ya kasance cikin kewayon al'ada.
Rashin nasarar yana faruwa ne sakamakon raguwar haɓakar insulin.
Sakamakon karancin insulin yana faruwa:
- matsanancin ƙwayoyin, tunda glucose ba zai iya shiga cikinsu ba;
- yawancin glucose ana riƙe da su cikin jini;
- jiki yana farawa daga rushewar glycogen, wanda ke ƙara haɓaka matakin glucose.
Bayyanar cututtuka da alamu
Tare da ƙara yawan sukari, mutum yana jin wasu alamu, amma har yanzu bai ji daɗi ba. Amma idan cutar ta zama na kullum, akwai alamun halayen (musamman) alamun cutar.
Don haka, abin da kuke buƙatar kula da farko:
- matsananciyar ƙishirwa;
- urination ma akai-akai;
- m ciwon kai;
- gumi da rauni na gaba daya;
- apathy (jihar rashin tunani);
- nauyi asara da fatar fata.
Diagnostics a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma a gida
Marasa lafiya tare da hyperglycemia yakamata a sanya idanu a kan sukari na jini. Akwai nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu:
- azumi jini samfurin (dole ne ku ji matsananciyar yunwa na tsawon awanni 8). Ana ɗaukar bincike daga yatsa (al'ada 3.5-5.5 mmol / l) ko daga jijiya (4.0-6.0 mmol / l na al'ada);
- gwajin haƙuri glucose gwajin. Ana ɗaukar jini 2 awanni bayan cin abinci, kuma iyakokin al'ada shine 7.8 mmol / l;
- bazuwar glucose. Binciken ya nuna darajar a daidai lokacin kuma yakamata ya kasance cikin kewayon 70-125 mg / dl.
A yau, abin takaici, akwai mutane kalilan waɗanda ke sa ido a kan matakan sukari na jini a kai a kai. Kuma waɗanda ke kare lafiyar su dole ne su san alamun hyperglycemia syndrome.
Taimako na farko
A farkon, muna auna matakin glucose a cikin jini. Matsakaicin ƙwayar sukari na jini ya dace da 3.5-5.5 mmol / L. Dole ne a tuna cewa a cikin yara (har zuwa shekara daya da rabi na haihuwa) wannan lambar tana ƙasa - 2.8-4.5 mmol / l. A cikin tsofaffi (waɗanda suka girmi shekaru 60), shi ne 4.5-6.4 mmol / L. Tare da alamar nuna damuwa, yana da mahimmanci don bawa mai haƙuri ya sha ruwa mai yawa.
Zai fi kyau ba mai haƙuri sha ruwan kwalba kamar Borjomi ko Essentuki
Idan mutumin yana dogara da insulin, kuna buƙatar bayar da allura da kuma kula da rage yawan matakan sukari. Idan mutumin bai dogara da insulin ba, kuna buƙatar samun raguwa cikin acidity a cikin jiki - shan ƙarin ruwaye, cin kayan lambu ko 'ya'yan itace. Wasu lokuta yana da amfani a matse ciki tare da maganin soda don cire acetone daga jiki.
Kafin likita ya zo, dole ne a kiyaye waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:
- sassauta riguna;
- bincika kai da wuya don raunin da ya faru idan mutum ya faɗi, ya rasa hankali;
- lokacin yin amai da mara lafiya, yana da buqatar a sa ta a gefen fuskarta a kasa don kada mutumin yayi sha;
- saka idanu a kan numfashi da kuma zagayarwar jini a koyaushe.
Lokacin da likita ya isa, tabbas zai auna matakin glucose a cikin jini kuma ya yi allurar insulin (idan ya cancanta).
Ana buƙatar kulawa da lafiya na gaggawa idan duk matakan da ke sama basu taimaka wa mara lafiya ba ko yana cikin mawuyacin hali.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Idan hyperglycemia na dogon lokaci, mai haƙuri na iya haɓaka rikitarwa mai wahala. Mafi sau da yawa wannan yana faruwa a cikin masu ciwon sukari.
Tashin hankali na ci gaba babu wahala, a hankali. Zai iya kasancewa:
- cututtukan tsoka na zuciya wanda ke haifar da haɗarin bugun zuciya;
- gazawar koda
- rikicewar ido (ƙarancin ido ko katsewa, kamewa da glaucoma);
- lalacewar ƙarshen jijiya, wanda ke haifar da asarar ji, ƙonewa ko tingling;
- kumburi nama (kumburin cuta da cututtukan tari).
Jiyya
Jiyya na hyperglycemia yana farawa da nazarin tarihin likita na haƙuri. A wannan yanayin, ana la'akari da abubuwan gado na mai haƙuri kuma ana cire alamun da basu da alaƙa da cutar. Bayan haka, ana buƙatar gwaje gwaje na gwaje-gwaje.
Kulawar cututtukan hyperglycemia na daɗaɗa zuwa ayyuka uku:
- maganin magani;
- tsaftataccen abinci (mutum);
- karamin aiki.
Yana da mahimmanci kada a manta da cewa wasu kwararru su lura da su (neurologist, endocrinologist, ophthalmologist).
Wadannan likitocin zasu taimaka hana ci gaban yiwuwar rikitarwa. Yawancin lokaci, a cikin lura da hyperglycemia na ICD, an tsara marasa lafiya 10 da insulin.
Abincin
Babban mulkin wannan abincin shine cikakken kin yarda da abinci wanda ya kunshi carbohydrates masu sauki da kuma kin amincewa da sarkakkiyar carbohydrates.
Yana da kyau a lura da shawarwarin masu zuwa:
- Bai kamata ku ci mai yawa ba, amma sau da yawa. Ya kamata a sami abinci 5 ko 6 a rana;
- Yana da kyau ku ci abincin furotin;
- ka rage yawan abincin da aka soya da kayan yaji;
- ku ci fruitsa fruitsan fruitsa fruitsan itace (ba a sanya ba)
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ko abinci masu ciwon sukari sune abincin da ya fi dacewa da su.
Bidiyo masu alaƙa
Mene ne cututtukan zuciya da cututtukan jini, da kuma dalilin da yasa suke da haɗari ga masu ciwon sukari, za'a iya samun su a cikin bidiyon:
Hyperglycemia cuta ce ta rashin hankali wacce ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Gwanin jini zai iya tashi ya fada cikin kankanin lokaci kuma zai haifar da sakamako wanda ba za'a iya juyawa ba. Yana da muhimmanci a gano alamun cutar a cikinku ko dangin ku a cikin lokaci, kuyi binciken likita kuma ku fara kula sosai a karkashin kulawar likita.
