Ciwon sukari mellitus koda yaushe yana faruwa tare da sukarin jini. Koyaya, a cikin wasu marasa lafiya, matakin glucose zai iya ɗanɗana fiye da ƙa'idodin da aka kafa, yayin da a wasu kuma zai iya isa matakin mahimmanci.
Mayar da hankali na glucose a cikin jiki shine mabuɗin a cikin nasarar maganin cutar sukari - mafi girma shine, mafi tsananin cutar. Babban matakan sukari suna haifar da ci gaba da rikitarwa masu yawa, wanda na tsawon lokaci na iya haifar da asarar hangen nesa, yanki na ƙarshen, ƙoshin koda, ko bugun zuciya.
Saboda haka, kowane mutumin da ke fama da wannan cuta mai haɗari ya kamata ya tuna abin da matsakaicin matakin sukari na jini a cikin ciwon sukari za a iya daidaita shi a cikin haƙuri kuma menene sakamakon jikin wannan zai iya haifar da shi.
Matsanancin sukari mai nauyi
Kamar yadda kuka sani, al'ada sukari na jini kafin cin abinci ya kasance daga 3.2 zuwa 5.5 mmol / L, bayan cin abinci - 7.8 mmol / L. Saboda haka, ga lafiyayyen mutum, duk wani alamomi na glucose na jini sama da 7.8 da a ƙasa 2.8 mmol / l an riga an dauke su mai mahimmanci kuma yana iya haifar da sakamako mai lalacewa a cikin jiki.
Koyaya, a cikin masu ciwon sukari, kewayon haɓakar sukari na jini yana da faɗi sosai kuma galibi ya dogara da tsananin cutar da sauran halayen mutum na haƙuri. Amma bisa ga yawancin endocrinologists, mai nuna alama na glucose a cikin jikin kusa da 10 mmol / l yana da mahimmanci ga yawancin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon sukari, kuma wuce kimarsa ba shi da yawa.
Idan matakin sukari na jini na mai ciwon sukari ya wuce matsakaicin al'ada kuma ya hau sama da 10 mmol / l, to wannan yana barazanar shi da haɓakar haɓaka, wanda shine yanayin haɗarin gaske. Matsayin glucose na 13 zuwa 17 mmol / l ya riga ya kawo haɗari ga rayuwar mai haƙuri, saboda yana haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin acetone da haɓakar ketoacidosis.
Wannan yanayin yana ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa a cikin zuciyar mai haƙuri da kodan, kuma yana kaiwa ga saurin rashin nutsuwarsa. Kuna iya ƙayyade matakin acetone ta ƙoshin acetone daga bakin ko abun cikin ta a cikin fitsari ta amfani da kayan gwaje-gwaje, waɗanda yanzu ake siyarwa a cikin magunguna da yawa.
Misalin matakan sukari na jini wanda kanada ke iya kamuwa da cuta mai wahala:
- Daga 10 mmol / l - hyperglycemia;
- Daga 13 mmol / l - precoma;
- Daga 15 mmol / l - coma na hyperglycemic;
- Daga 28 mmol / l - ƙwayar ketoacidotic;
- Daga 55 mmol / l - coma na hyperosmolar.
Mutuwar mai ƙisa
Kowane mai haƙuri na cutar kansa yana da matsakaicin matakin kansa na jini. A cikin wasu marasa lafiya, ci gaban hyperglycemia ya fara riga a 11-12 mmol / L, a cikin wasu, ana lura da alamun farko na wannan yanayin bayan alamar 17 mmol / L. Saboda haka, a cikin magani babu wani abu irin wannan a matsayin matakin kamuwa da jini wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama duka masu ciwon sukari.
Bugu da kari, tsananin yanayin mara lafiyar ya dogara ne akan matakin sukari a jikin mutum, harma da irin nau'in ciwon suga da yake da shi. Don haka iyakar matakin sukari don nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar hanzari sosai a cikin haɗakar acetone a cikin jini da haɓakar ketoacidosis.
A cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 2, yawan sukari mai yawanci ba sa haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin acetone, amma yana haifar da zafin rashin ƙarfi, wanda zai iya zama da wahala a dakatar.
Idan matakin sukari a cikin haƙuri tare da ciwon sukari na dogaro da insulin ya tashi zuwa darajar 28-30 mmol / l, to a wannan yanayin yana haɓaka ɗayan rikitattun masu ciwon sukari - ketoacidotic coma. A wannan matakin glucose, cokali 1 na sukari yana cikin 1 lita na jinin mai haƙuri.
Yawancin lokaci sakamakon cutar ta kwanan nan, mummunan rauni ko tiyata, wanda ya kara raunana jikin mai haƙuri, yana haifar da wannan yanayin.
Hakanan, ƙwayar ketoacidotic na iya haifar da rashin insulin, alal misali, tare da zaɓin maganin da bai dace ba ko kuma idan mara lafiyar yayi kuskuren rasa lokacin allura. Bugu da kari, sanadin wannan yanayin na iya zama yawan shan giya.
Ana amfani da coma na Ketoacidotic ta hanyar ci gaba a hankali, wanda zai iya ɗauka daga awanni da yawa zuwa kwanaki da yawa. Alamomin masu zuwa suna lalata masu wannan yanayin:
- Aka-akai da cinikin urination har zuwa 3 lita. kowace rana. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa jiki yana ƙoƙarin fitar da acetone sosai a cikin fitsari;
- Mai tsananin rashin ruwa. Saboda urination mai yawa, mai haƙuri yana asarar ruwa da sauri;
- Takaitaccen matakan jini na jikin ketone. Sakamakon karancin insulin, glucose ya daina barin jikin, wanda ya sa shi aiwatar da kitse na makamashi. Abubuwan samfurori na wannan tsari sune jikin ketone waɗanda aka saki cikin jini;
- Cikakken rashin ƙarfi, bacci;
- Ciwon ciki da ciwon sukari, amai;
- M bushe bushe fata, saboda wanda zai iya bawo kashe da crack;
- Bakin bushewa, yawan danko na yau da kullun, jin zafi a idanun saboda karancin ruwan hawaye;
- Smelladdamar da ƙamshin acetone daga bakin;
- Mai zafi, zafin jiki, wanda ke fitowa sakamakon rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen.
Idan adadin sukari a cikin jini ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa, mai haƙuri zai haɓaka mafi girman nau'i mai haɗari da haɗari ga rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari mellitus - hyperosmolar coma.
Yana bayyana kanta tare da alamu bayyanar cututtuka:
- Very profuse urination har zuwa 12 lita. kowace rana;
- Babban rubbed da jikin sodium, potassium, magnesium da alli;
- Matakan glucose matakan sun tashi zuwa 250 mmol / L - teaspoons 9 na sukari a kowace lita;
- Matsayin sukari na jini 55 mmol / l - 2 tsp a kowace lita;
- Increasearancin hauhawar gani a jini;
- Sauke cikin karfin jini da zafin jiki;
- Rage sautin yanayin gira;
- Ssarfin ƙwayar fata;
- Ciwon kirji;
- Cramps
A cikin mafi yawan lokuta:
- Kwayar jini a cikin jijiyoyi.
- Rashin nasara;
- Kwayar cutar kansa
Ba tare da kulawar likita a kan kari ba, yawan ƙwayar cuta na hyperosmolar yakan haifar da mutuwa. Sabili da haka, lokacin da alamun farko na wannan rikice-rikice suka bayyana, kai tsaye asibiti mai haƙuri a asibiti ya zama dole.
Ana gudanar da aikin cutar sikari na hyperosmolar ne kawai a cikin yanayin sake farfadowa.
Jiyya
Abu mafi mahimmanci a cikin lura da cututtukan hyperglycemia shine rigakafin ta. Karka taɓa kawo sukarin jini zuwa matakan da ke da tsauri. Idan mutum yana da ciwon sukari, to bai kamata ya manta da hakan ba kuma koyaushe yana duba matakin glucose akan lokaci.
Kula da matakan sukari na al'ada na jini, mutane masu ciwon sukari na iya haifar da cikakken rayuwa tsawon shekaru, basu taɓa fuskantar manyan matsalolin wannan cuta ba.
Tunda tashin zuciya, amai, da gudawa wasu alamu ne na cututtukan hanji, mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar shi ne don guba abinci, wanda ke cike da mummunan sakamako.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa idan irin waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana a cikin mai haƙuri tare da ciwon sukari, to tabbas mafi yawan lahani ba cuta ba ne na tsarin narkewa, amma babban matakin sukari na jini. Don taimakawa mai haƙuri, allurar insulin wajibi ne da wuri-wuri.
Don cin nasara tare da alamun hyperglycemia, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar koyon yadda ake ƙididdige adadin insulin daidai. Don yin wannan, tuna da sauƙi mai zuwa:
- Idan matakin sukari na jini shine 11-12.5 mmol / l, to dole ne a ƙara wani ɓangare zuwa kashi na yau da kullun;
- Idan abubuwan glucose ya wuce 13 mmol / l, kuma ƙamshin acetone yana cikin numfashin mai haƙuri, to dole ne a ƙara raka'a 2 zuwa sashin insulin.
Idan matakan glucose sun zubar da yawa bayan allurar insulin, to ya kamata a hanzarta ɗaukar ƙwayoyin carbohydrates, alal misali, shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko shayi tare da sukari.
Wannan zai taimaka kare mai haƙuri daga ketosis na matsananciyar yunwa, wato, yanayi yayin da matakan ketone a cikin jini suka fara tashi, amma abubuwanda ke cikin glucose ya ragu.
Critically low sukari
A cikin magani, hypoglycemia shine raguwar sukarin jini a ƙasa da matakin 2.8 mmol / L. Koyaya, wannan bayanin gaskiya ne kawai ga mutane masu lafiya.
Kamar yadda yake game da cututtukan hyperglycemia, kowane mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari yana da nasa ƙananan matakin don sukari jini, bayan haka ya fara haɓaka haɓakar hyperglycemia. Yawancin lokaci yana da girma sama da mutane masu lafiya. Bayanai na 2.8 mmol / L ba kawai mahimmanci ba ne, amma masu mutuwa ne ga masu ciwon sukari da yawa.
Don sanin matakin sukari a cikin jini wanda hyperglycemia zai iya farawa a cikin haƙuri, yana da buƙatar ragewa daga 0.6 zuwa 1.1 mmol / l daga matakin maƙasudin nasa - wannan zai zama ma'anar mahimmancinsa.
A cikin mafi yawan marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari, matakin sukari shine kimanin 4-7 mmol / L akan komai a ciki kuma kimanin 10 mmol / L bayan cin abinci. Hakanan, a cikin mutanen da basu da ciwon sukari, basu taba wuce alamar 6.5 mmol / l ba.
Akwai manyan dalilai guda biyu da zasu iya haifar da ciwon sikila a cikin mai haƙuri:
- Yawan wuce haddi na insulin;
- Shan magungunan da ke kara samar da insulin.
Wannan rikitarwa na iya shafar duka marasa lafiya masu fama da ciwon sukari na 1 da nau'in 2. Musamman ma sau da yawa yana bayyana kanta a cikin yara, ciki har da dare. Don guje wa wannan, yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige yawan insulin din yau da kullun kuma gwada ƙoƙarin kada ya wuce shi.
Hypoglycemia yana bayyana ta bayyanar cututtuka masu zuwa:
- Fatar fata.
- Karin gumi;
- Girgiza kai yayi gaba daya jikin
- Kayan bugun zuciya;
- Matsananciyar yunwar;
- Rashin maida hankali, rashin iya maida hankali;
- Nausea, amai;
- Damuwa, halayyar tashin hankali.
A matakin da yafi karfi, ana ganin alamun bayyanar:
- Mummunar rauni;
- Dizziness tare da ciwon sukari, jin zafi a kai;
- Damuwa, jin rashin fahimta game da tsoro;
- Rashin Ingancin magana;
- Rashin gani, hangen nesa biyu;
- Haɗakarwa, rashin iya tunani sosai;
- Paarancin daidaituwa game da motsi, raunin da ya gaza;
- Rashin iya kewayawa a cikin sarari;
- Cramps a cikin kafafu da makamai.
Ba za a iya yin watsi da wannan yanayin ba, tunda ƙarancin sukari mai rauni a cikin jini shima hatsari ne ga mai haƙuri, da babba. Tare da hypoglycemia, mai haƙuri yana da haɗarin gaske na rasa hankali kuma faɗuwa cikin ƙwaƙwalwar hypoglycemic.
Wannan rikitarwa yana buƙatar asibiti mai haƙuri na asibiti cikin gaggawa. Ana aiwatar da cutar sikari na hypoglycemic coma ta amfani da magunguna daban-daban, gami da glucocorticosteroids, wanda da sauri yana haɓaka matakin glucose a cikin jiki.
Tare da kulawa ba tare da kulawa da hypoglycemia ba, zai iya haifar da mummunan lalacewa ta kwakwalwa da haifar da nakasa. Wannan saboda glucose shine kawai abincin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa. Saboda haka, tare da rashi mara nauyi, sukan fara fama da matsananciyar yunwa, wanda ke haifar da mutuwarsu ta farko.
Saboda haka, mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari suna buƙatar duba matakan sukari na jini a duk lokacin da suka yiwu don kar su ɓatar da hauhawar wucewa ko ƙaruwa. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai kalli girman sukari na jini.
