Ciwon sukari mellitus hanya ce wacce ke da alaƙa da rashin daidaituwa ta jiki da ta hankali. Kwayar cutar sankarau a cikin yara 14 years old suna girma cikin matsakaici, kuma yaron na dogon lokaci baya kula da canji a yanayin sa.
An haɗa cutar a cikin rukunin rikice-rikice na endocrine, wanda ke dauke da karancin insulin, hormone na pancreas. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa koyaushe a cikin sukarin jini. Pathology ya ci gaba har zuwa wani lokaci kuma yana tare da cin zarafin furotin, carbohydrate, metabolism metabolism.
Wani muhimmin al'amari yayin gudanar da cutar siga shine gano lokaci na cutar.
Siffofin cututtukan yara
Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce sankarau a cikin tsarin endocrine, ta bayyana tare da rashi insulin. Insulin wani kwazo ne na musamman na koda, yana samarda kwararar glucose a cikin dukkan sel na jikin mutum.
Insulin yana ba da glucose da ke narkar da jini a cikin sel. A cikin samuwar ciwon sukari, glucose ba zai iya shiga tantanin halitta ba, saboda haka ya kasance cikin jini, yana haifar da lahani. Glucose shine babban tushen abinci mai gina jiki ga jiki.
Lokacin da abinci ya shiga jiki, ana canza glucose tare da shi zuwa cikin tsabta mai ƙarfi, wanda ke sa jikin ya yi aiki. Glucose kawai tare da insulin na hormone zai iya shiga kwayar.
Idan akwai karancin insulin a jiki, to kuwa glucose ya rage a cikin jini. Jinin daga wannan ya yi kauri, ba zai iya ɗaukar iskar oxygen da abinci mai gina jiki ba koyaushe. A tsawon lokaci, ganuwar tasoshin sun zama mara ma'ana kuma inelastic. Wannan yanayin kai tsaye yana barazanar membranes na jijiya.
Ana nuna ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin yaro a matsayin cuta na rayuwa, ya sha wahala:
- ruwa da gishiri
- mai
- furotin
- ma'adinai
- carbohydrate metabolism.
Sakamakon wannan, rikice-rikice iri daban-daban suna haɓaka waɗanda ba kawai mai haɗari ba ne, amma sau da yawa suna da haɗari ga rayuwa.
Medicine ya san nau'ikan cututtukan guda biyu, waɗanda ke da wasu bambance-bambance dangane da pathogenesis, ci gaban asibiti da etiology. Tsarin kulawa da kulawa kuma sun sha bamban.
Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari shine ya haifar da rashin insulin. Cutar ba ta samar da isasshen yawa ko kuma ba ya fitar da ita kwata-kwata. Jiki ba ya jimre wa aikinsa kuma wannan ƙwayar hormone ba zai iya aiwatar da adadin glucose a cikin jini ba.
Tare da wata cuta, ana buƙatar maganin insulin koyaushe, watau, allurar yau da kullun na insulin, waɗanda ke gudana cikin ƙayyadaddun adadin. A cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ana samar da insulin a cikin adadin da ya dace, wani lokacin kuma sama da na al'ada.
Amma kusan babu amfani, saboda kyallen takarda a cikin jiki saboda wasu dalilai sun rasa mahimmancin hankalin da yake dashi.
Iri da alamun cutar sankarau
Wani nau'in ciwon sukari yana da hanya daban-daban da kuma bayyanuwa. Yawancin lokaci yara suna samun nau'in ciwon sukari na farko saboda yanayin gado ko a tsakanin damuwa.
Nau'in na 1 nau'in ciwon sukari cuta ne, yana da inganci, saboda haka yana buƙatar kulawa da magunguna koyaushe. Kwayoyin rikitarwa suna aiki da glucose.
Ciwon sukari na 2 wanda ba shi da insulin. Wannan nau'in ciwon sukari da aka samo yana da alaƙa da rashin aiki na rayuwa da rashi insulin. Hanyar cutar ta fi yawa a cikin tsofaffi.
Likita zai ba da labarin yadda ciwon sukari mellitus ke bayyana kanta a cikin yara, duk da haka, akwai alamun halayyar. Musamman, alamun cututtukan da ke tattare da ciwon sukari-sune:
- akai urination
- ƙishirwa
- babban ci
- nauyi asara mai ban mamaki
- candidiasis na farji
- polyuria - karuwa a cikin yawan fitsari,
- tsotsa, fushi,
- amai, tashin zuciya,
- maimaitawar cututtukan fata.
Bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan da ba na insulin ba:
- rage ji da gani,
- bushe mucous membranes,
- gajiya da gajiya,
- zub da jini
- tashin zuciya da itching a cikin sasanninta na bakin.
Yellowness na ƙafa da hannaye, da kuma hypoglycemia, suna daga cikin alamun bayyanar cututtukan yara na yara. Hypoglycemia ne sau da yawa wani lokaci ne, cuta ce mai cutar.
Matsayin sukari yana raguwa, rauni da karuwar yunwa. Tsarin icteric na yaro ya kamata ya ba wa iyaye siginar don bincika ɗan. Ana iya ganin wannan alamar ba kawai a tafin hannu da ƙafa ba, har ma a kan almara na nasolabial.
Hakanan ana nuna alamun a cikin wasu hanyoyin, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci, ba tare da bata lokaci ba, don bincika likita. A cikin yara ƙanana, sun fi wahalar ganowa. Tare da shekaru uku ko sama da haka, an ƙaddara bukatar sauƙi sosai.
Sau da yawa alamomin ciwon sukari a cikin yara sun rikice tare da kamuwa da cuta, don haka mutane ba su kula da shi ba na dogon lokaci. Ko da kuwa ɗan yaron yana ɗan shekara, yana iya fassara shi da fahimtar yadda yake ji.
Iyaye suna da aikin su saurari korafin yaran kuma su lura da duk wata alamun cutar. Musamman, ciwon sukari yana da haɗari har zuwa shekaru 3, amma a wannan lokacin ilimin ilimin halittu yana ƙanƙantar da ƙasa fiye da lokacin balaga. A wasu halayen, mellitus na sukari na latent na iya haifar.
Alamomin wannan nau'in ciwon suga suna kama da manyan alamun cutar. Wajibi ne a kula sosai idan akwai:
- raunuka da ke warkar da hankali
- girma,
- sha'ir da kumburi a idanu.
Nau'in nau'in 1 ana nuna shi ta hanyar asarar nauyi. Pathology na iya kafawa a shekaru 3, 6, da 14. Matasa matasa harma da masu shekaru sama da 17 ba su banbanci. An ruwaito nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari sau da yawa fiye da 2.
Yaron ya fara rasa nauyi saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙwayoyin ba su karɓar makamashi, saboda babu isasshen insulin.
Amfani da kuzari wanda yake a jikin mai zai fara.
Bayyanai masu haɗari
Aiwatar da duk shawarwarin sau da yawa baya bada garantin cewa yaro zai kasance lafiyayye. Idan yaro yana da tsinkayar cutar siga ga ciwon sukari, kulawar likita koyaushe game da lamarin ya zama dole.
Iyaye ya kamata su damu yayin da jariri yake rasa nauyi sosai. Akwai wasu lokuta da asarar kilo 10 ko fiye ya faru a cikin makonni 2-3 kawai. A wannan yanayin, yaro zai iya shan ruwa mai yawa, har zuwa lita da yawa a rana.
Yara sama da shekara biyar sukan fara fitsari a cikin barcinsu, kodayake kafin hakan babu kuzarin. Idan yaro ya ƙishir da ƙishirwa, sauran alamu za su fara bayyana a kan lokaci. A matsayinka na mai mulki, a cikin ciwon sukari, harshen yaran ya sami haske mai launi mai haske, kuma tsawan fata yana raguwa.
Iyaye, abin takaici, da wuya su mai da hankali kan bayyanar cututtuka, sakamakon abin da yara suka fara jinkirta magani, wanda bazai yi tasiri ba na dogon lokaci.
Binciko
Likita na cikin gida yakamata ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gano cutar siga. Idan akwai tuhuma game da cutar sankara, to an wajabta shawarar shawara ta endocrinologist. Bayan an bincika, likita zai nemi kasancewar:
- mai fama da ciwon sukari a kan baki, cheeks da goshi,
- fata turgor,
- Harshen rasberi.
Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar yin gwajin jini. Ana buƙatar bincika haɓakar sukari na jini, raguwa cikin insulin da haemoglobin. Ana iya yin gwajin haƙuri na glucose. Hakanan ana yin urinalysis, inda aka yi la'akari da shi:
- glucose
- acetone
- jikokin ketone
- takamaiman nauyi na fitsari.
Wani ma'aunin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta shine nazarin duban dan tayi na ƙwayar cuta.
Ana yin bambance banbanci idan akwai:
- bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari insipidus,
- cututtukan acetonemic.
Bayan da aka gudanar da binciken dakin gwaje gwaje na cutar sankara, likitan yayi kyakkyawan binciken karshe.
Yaya jiyya
Ana amfani da magani na rage ƙwayar cuta don magance nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari. Tunda ƙwayoyin huhu ba su haifar da isasshen insulin ba, kuna buƙatar sake cika adadinta. Anyi la'akari da cewa an samar da insulin a cikin raƙuman ruwa a cikin jiki, daidai da yawan abincin da aka cinye da kuma adadin samuwar sa a lokuta daban-daban.
Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin aikin kula da ciwon sukari. Gabatarwar manyan ɗimbin insulin yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa jikin yaron zai iya amfani da duk shagunan glucose a cikin jini, wanda zai haifar da rashin ƙarfi.
Babban mai amfani da makamashi a jikin mutum shine kwakwalwa. Idan babu isasshen kuzari, to mummunan yanayi na iya samin tsari - cutar sikila. Wannan yanayin yana buƙatar kulawa da gaggawa na likita. A wasu halaye, an kwantar da yaron a asibiti cikin sashin kulawa mai zurfi.
Baya ga yin amfani da insulin, yaro ya kamata koyaushe ya ci yadda yakamata. A wannan yanayin, yunwar ba ta yarda da ita ba. Tsakanin manyan abinci, yakamata a sami abun ciye-ciye daga 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.
Insulin, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman maganin maye yara, na iya zama mai ɗan gajeriyar aiki. Wadanda suka fi nasara, har wa yau, sune:
- Protofan
- Actropid.
Insulin an allurar da shi tare da sirinji na alkalami. Wadannan na'urori sun dace da amfani, tunda yaro zai iya matattaka shi kuma ya gabatar da kayan.
Yana da mahimmanci a kula da matakin glucose kullun tare da glucometer. Kuna buƙatar adana abubuwan rubutawa inda zan rubuta:
- cin abinci
- yanayi na damuwa
- matakin sukari na jini.
Idan yaro ko iyayensa suna kiyaye irin wannan littafin, zai zama sauƙi ga likita don zaɓar kashi na insulin, wanda yakamata a gudanar dashi kowace rana.
Yaro ya kamata koyaushe ɗaukar cakulan cakulan tare da shi. Idan ya gabatar da kanshi mai dan kadan girma fiye da zama dole a wani lokaci, to yawan sukari a cikin jini zai ragu sosai. A wannan yanayin, akwai haɗarin hauhawar jini, saboda haka kuna buƙatar cin alewar cakulan ko sha shayi mai zaki. A kan ci gaba mai gudana, dole ne ku bi abin da ake ci tare da ƙarancin carbohydrates.
Daga cikin hanyoyin magance nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, wanda ba kasafai ake amfani dashi ba shine yaduwar cututtukan fata. Decreasearin rage yawan matakan insulin na jini yana haɗuwa sau da yawa tare da lalacewar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, musamman ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda ke samar da insulin. Maganin gorin ciki yana gyara wannan yanayin.
A cikin jiyya na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, yana da mahimmanci a bi abincin. A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole don tabbatar da yanayin ba tare da kwatsam a cikin glucose a cikin jini ba.
Wajibi ne a bar irin waɗannan kayayyakin gaba ɗaya:
- cakulan
- gari yi jita-jita
- sukari.
Hakanan, masu ciwon sukari ya kamata su kula da adadin kowane carbohydrates. Don yin wannan, an gabatar da manufar “rukunin abinci”. Wannan samfurin samfurin ya ƙunshi 12 g na carbohydrates. 1 XE yana ƙara matakin glucose a cikin jini ta 2.2 mmol / L.
Adadin carbohydrates a cikin 100 g ana nunawa akan duk kayan abinci. Wannan yakamata a raba wannan ƙimar ta 12. Don haka, zai zama bayyananne raka'a gurasar da ke ɗauke da 100 g na samfurin. Na gaba, kuna buƙatar yin juyawa don nauyin samfurin. Don gano sassan gurasa da sauri, ana amfani da teburin abinci na musamman.
