Hauhawar jini cuta ce da ke faruwa sakamakon ƙaruwa na dindindin da dysregulation na cikin gida da na jini gabaɗaya. Lalacewar hauhawar jini yana da alaƙa da keta ayyukan manyan wuraren da ke tsara ayyukan jijiyoyin jini. Mafi yawan lokuta na hauhawar jini yana faruwa a cikin hauhawar jini, kuma ƙaramin lamba ne kawai a sakandare, ko alama, hauhawar jini.
Dalilin cutar ita ce bayyanar keta tsarin aiki na medulla oblongata da hypothalamus.
A yau, akwai rarrabuwa masu yawa na hauhawar jini bisa ga ma'auni daban-daban. Dogaro da su, cutar ta kasu kashi daban-daban, nau'ikan da matakai.
Hawan jini zai iya bambanta dangane da matakin hawan jini. Zuwa yau, duk duniya ta ɗauki nauyin tsarinta a wannan tushen:
- Ingantaccen karfin jini a jikin wanda alamomin ba su wuce Hm 120 zuwa 80 mm ba;
- Matsin lamba na yau da kullun. Yawancin likitoci suna ware wannan darajar bisa ga ka'ida, tunda dabi'ar hawan jini ya dogara da shekaru da jinsi na mutum. Manuniya a wannan yanayin suna cikin kewayon 120-129 / 84 mm;
- Iyakar al'ada matsin lamba - daga 130-139 zuwa 85-89 mm Hg;
- Hauhawar jini na wucin gadi na digiri 1. Haka kuma, alamun karfin jini ya bambanta daga 140/90 zuwa 159/99 mm Hg;
- Maganin hauhawar jini a jiki 2 digiri. Alamun nunawa sune 160-179 / 100-109 mm RT. st .;
- Hauhawar karfin jijiya 3 digiri - fiye da 180/110 mm RT. st .;
- Kwayar cututtukan ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta ta ciki. Babban matsa lamba sama da mm 140 ne, kuma ƙananan baya ƙasa da 90 mm.
Wannan rabuwa yana nuna hanyoyi daban-daban na magani. Don lura da matakin farko na hauhawar jini, zaku iya amfani da tsarin abinci, aiki na yau da kullun da matsakaici, kiyaye ingantacciyar rayuwa, cikakken kawar da kyawawan halaye.
Jiyya na matakai na gaba ba zai iya yin amfani ba tare da amfani da kwayoyi na yau da kullun waɗanda ke rage karfin jini.
Dangane da rarrabuwar Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya, hauhawar jini ya kasu kashi na farko, wanda ake kamance da ci gaba da hauhawar jini. Ba a fahimci ilimin etiology na cutar ba; na sakandare, ko hauhawar jini, wanda ke tasowa daga wasu lamuran da suka shafi jijiyoyin, musamman, tsarin jijiya.
Akwai nau'ikan hauhawar jini na farko:
- Lalacewa ga kashin da ke ciki ko jijiyoyin jini na kodan, wanda hakan ke haifar da bayyanar cututtukan kwayoyin halittar da kanta;
- Tare da cututtuka da nakasa aikin glandar adrenal, cututtukan tsarin endocrine sau da yawa haɓaka;
- Tare da raunuka na tsarin juyayi, karuwa a cikin matsin lamba intracranial yana faruwa. Wannan tsari na iya zama sakamakon rauni, ko ciwan ƙwaƙwalwa. A sakamakon haka, sassan kwakwalwa da ke da alhakin kiyaye matsin lamba a cikin jijiyoyin jini sun ji rauni;
- A gaban cin zarafi a cikin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, suna magana ne game da nau'in cutar hemodynamic;
- Magani Yana faruwa tare da guba mai guba na jiki tare da kwayoyi. Wannan yana fara aiwatar da mummunan tasiri akan duk tsarin, da farko gado na jijiyoyin bugun gini.
Akwai rarrabuwa wanda ya rarraba cutar zuwa matakai. Akwai matakai 3.
Da farko. Daya daga cikin mahimman halayen wannan matakin shine kasancewar mai nuna rashin tabbas na kara karfin jini a cikin kullun. A wannan matakin na GB, lokutan ƙara ƙaruwar matsin lamba da tsinkayi tsinkaye tsinkayi kwatsam Yawancin marasa lafiya ba sa kula sosai da cutar a wannan matakin, tunda karuwar hawan jini ba a fassara shi da dalilai na asibiti, amma ta yanayin da abubuwan mutum. A wannan matakin, lalacewar jikin mutum baya faruwa. Mai haƙuri yana jin al'ada, babu ƙararraki na musamman;
Matsakaici mataki. Indexididdigar hawan jini ya yi tsayi da tsayi sosai. Marasa lafiya sau da yawa suna koka game da rashin lafiyar janar gaba ɗaya, rashin jin daɗi da jinƙai a idanun, ciwon kai na ƙaruwa daban-daban. A wannan matakin, cutar ta fara shafar gabobin da aka yi amfani da su, sannu a hankali suna ci gaba da yin mummunan tasiri a kansu. Babban sashin da ya shafa da farko shine zuciya;
Matsanancin yanayin jiki. Wannan matakin shine halin ci gaba na cututtukan cututtukan zuciya a jikin bangon jijiya, da kuma lalata sauran gabobin. Duk waɗannan hanyoyin suna shafan jiki kuma suna cutar da juna, wanda hakan yakan haifar da mummunan yanayin yanayin hauhawar jini.
Lokacin da ake bincika mai haƙuri tare da matakai na 2 ko 3 na ilimin halittu, zamu iya magana game da buƙatar sanya ƙungiyar nakasassu a gare shi.
A wasu halaye, dangane da halaye na mutum, har ma tare da mataki na 1 ana iya samun dalili don tuntuɓar hukumar kwararru.
Dangane da alamun lalacewar gabobin tsarin jijiyoyin jini da kuma shiga cikin sauran gabobin da ke cikin aikin, mutum na iya bambance nau'in cutar ta dalilai masu hadari ga rayuwar dan adam.
Mataki na farko shine halin rashin kasancewar lalacewar sauran gabobin. Yiwuwar mummunan sakamako a cikin shekaru masu zuwa kusan kashi 10%;
A mataki na biyu, ana lura da ciwo guda daya da ta shafi garkuwar. Bugu da ƙari, haɗarin mutuwa a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa shine 15-20%;
Mataki na uku ana saninsa da bayyanar rikice-rikice wanda ke kara lalacewa da kuma cutar da cutar. Hadarin mutuwa kusan kashi 25-30%;
A mataki na huɗu, barazanar rayuwa tana ƙaruwa sosai, wanda ke da alaƙa da shiga cikin dukkanin gabobin. Hadarin mutuwa ya wuce kashi 35%.
Ya danganta da cutar, yakan faru:
- Slow-flowing (benign), wanda ya daɗe yana ɗaukar hankali kuma bahaushe ne, ba karuwa mai yawa a alamu. Mai haƙuri sau da yawa yana jin daɗin al'ada. Wani lokaci akwai lokutan wuce gona da iri da kuma ramawa, amma a kan lokaci, lokacin wuce gona da iri ba ya daɗe. Wannan nau'in hauhawar jini abu ne mai inganci ga warkewa;
- Malignant, wanda shine zaɓi don mummunan mummunan tsinkayen rayuwa. An nuna shi ta hanya mai sauri, alamomin hauhawar jini suna faruwa kwatsam kuma da sauri suna ɗaukar matakan bayyana. Tsarin mummunan yana da wahalar sarrafawa, yana da wahalar magani.
Dangane da binciken, hauhawar jini a kowace shekara yana kashe sama da 70% na marasa lafiya. Abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa a cikin wadannan lokuta sune mafi yawan lokuta cututtukan dake rarraba jijiyoyi, bugun zuciya, koda da gazawar zuciya, bugun jini na jini.
Wani lokaci da suka gabata, an dauki hauhawar jini a matsayin hadadden da kuma wahalar magani. A halin yanzu, godiya ga sababbin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don gano asali, da kuma sababbin nau'ikan magunguna, yana yiwuwa a gano cutar a cikin lokaci tare da yin amfani da wakilai dabam dabam don maganin ta.
A halin yanzu, likitoci sun gano da yawa abubuwan da ke haifar da dalilai masu haɗari waɗanda zasu iya haifar da hauhawar jini da farawa na pathogenesis. Manyan sune alamun shekaru (ga maza sunfi shekaru 55, ga mata - shekaru 65); dyslipidemia, wacce hanya ce da ke tattare da cutar lipid a jikin mutum; ciwon sukari mellitus; kiba kasancewar halaye marasa kyau da kuma ci gaba da rayuwa mara kyau; abubuwan gado da kuma kasancewar ƙaddarar jini.
Don ingantaccen ganewar asali, dalilai masu haɗari koyaushe suna yin la'akari da likita yayin nazarin mai haƙuri. Babban abin da ya fi haifar da tsalle-tsalle a cikin jini shine yanayin damuwa na yau da kullun, yanayin damuwa, karuwar ayyukan hankali, tsarin rikice-rikice na yau da rana musamman barci, da yawan aiki na kullum.
Matsayi mai mahimmanci tsakanin abubuwan da ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin karfin jini shine gubar gishiri. A cewar masana na WHO, mutumin da ke cinye fiye da gram 5 kowace rana. gishirin tebur, sau da yawa yana kara haɗarin hauhawar jini a jikinta.
Halin gado yana da mahimmanci. An lura cewa a gaban dangi masu dauke da cutar hawan jini a cikin dangi, sauran dangin su sun fi kamuwa da wannan cutar. A yayin da yawancin familyan uwa ke jinyar cutar hawan jini, haɗarin cutar sankara na ƙaruwa sosai. Dole ne mai haƙuri ya bi duk umarnin likita, ya guji damuwa da damuwa, rabu da halaye marasa kyau, kula da abinci da tsari.
Baya ga manyan, akwai ƙarin abubuwan haɗari, daga cikinsu:
- Kasancewar cututtukan thyroid;
- Bayyanar tasirin cholesterol da atherosclerosis;
- Dukkanin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan yanayi;
- Farkon haila da lokacin haila a cikin mata;
- Pathologies na aiki na kodan da adrenal gland.
Kamar kowane cuta, hauhawar jini na iya tare da rikitarwa da yawa. Babban abu shine shiga cikin gabobin ciki irin su zuciya a cikin hanyoyin bincike (tare da lalacewar bugun zuciya, huhun hanji, ciwan hanji, angina pectoris da bugun zuciya mai yiwuwa); tasoshin jiki da kwakwalwa; kodan idanun (tare da lalacewar waɗannan gabobin, ɓarkewar baya da ci gaban makanta na iya faruwa).
Bugu da kari, cutar halin kasancewar tashin hankali tashin hankali, wanda ya shafi m yanayin cutar. Idan a wannan lokacin ba a samar wa mai haƙuri ƙwararren likita ba, zai iya mutuwa. Abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin hankali sun hada da danniya, damuwa, motsa jiki na tsawan lokaci, canjin yanayi da matsalar yanayi.
Kwayar cutar dake nuna ci gaban rikici shine bayyanar da kuma ƙaruwa da ciwon kai, tashin zuciya da amai, farji, tachycardia, da kuma rauni na gani. Rikicin hauhawar jini yana haɓaka cikin hanzari, kuma sau da yawa mutum yakan rasa hankali. Wani fasali na rikicin, wanda yakamata a yi la’akari da shi, shine yiwuwar haɓaka nau'ikan rikice-rikice: ƙonewar ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, bugun jini, huhun huhun ciki.
Za'a iya danganta shi da hauhawar jini ta jijiyoyi da cututtukan gama gari. Kowace shekara yawan masu haƙuri yana ƙaruwa koyaushe. Mafi yawan lokuta waɗannan tsofaffi mutane ne, galibi maza, amma ana kuma lura da cutar ta yara a cikin samari. A wasu halaye, hauhawar jini na iya faruwa yayin daukar ciki.
Tsarin hauhawar jini ya samo asali ne daga yawancin ka'idoji. Zuwa yau, akwai adadin ɗimbin yawa na hauhawar jini ta matakai, digiri, bayanan da za a iya nunawa a teburin. Godiya ga wannan, yana yiwuwa a bincika da kuma kula da cutar a cikin lokaci.
Kowa ya tuna cewa kusan kowace cuta ce mafi sauƙin hanawa fiye da daga baya aiwatar da tsayi da tsada. Saboda haka, ɗayan mafi sauki kuma mafi sauƙaƙar hanyoyin magance hauhawar jini shine rigakafin ta. Matsakaici na yau da kullun da motsa jiki, ƙin halaye mara kyau, abinci mai daidaitawa da lafiyayyen bacci zai taimake ka ka kare kanka ba kawai daga hauhawar jini ba, har ma daga wasu masu yawa, babu ƙarancin haɗari da mummunan cututtuka.
An tattauna matakan digiri na hauhawar jini a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
