Kwayar cutar atherosclerosis cuta ce mai taushi, ci gaba, mai saurin kamuwa da cutar wacce ta fi yawan manyan jijiyoyin jiki. Yana haɓakawa ga tushen yawancin dalilai, babban cikinsu shine babban cholesterol.
An sanya wannan ƙwayar wannan adadin a cikin kauri daga bangon jijiyoyin bugun gini a cikin filayen atherosclerotic. Cutar ta yaɗu sosai, musamman a zamaninmu.
Labarin ya tattauna abubuwan da ke haddasawa, alamu da magani na wannan cutar.
Sanadin murkushe atherosclerosis
Haɓaka ƙuguwar cutar atherosclerosis ana danganta shi da dalilai da yawa, ko kuma hakan, abubuwan haɗari.
Akwai nau'ikan abubuwa guda uku waɗanda ke haifar da abubuwan ci gaba don inganta atherosclerosis.
Rukuni na farko ya ƙunshi waɗancan dalilai waɗanda ba za a iya hana tasirinsu ba. Dangane da haka, ana kiransu ba za a iya tursasawa ba.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- Halittar gado ko gado - a kusan kashi ɗari na lokuta na abubuwan da ke faruwa na atherosclerosis, za a iya gano irin wannan yanayin a cikin marasa lafiya na asali. Dalilin guda ɗaya ya shafi sauran rikice-rikice na ƙwayar lipid, alal misali, hypercholesterolemia na gado, wanda daga baya yakan haifar da rikice-rikice guda ɗaya waɗanda ke haɓaka tare da atherosclerosis.
- Shekaru. Mutanen da ke cikin tsakiyar - musamman ma sun fi shekaru 40 girma. Abin takaici, tare da shekaru, jijiyoyin jini suna rasa ƙarfi, elasticity da impermeability, wanda ya zama ƙofar kololuwa.
- Paul Mace sun fi fuskantar matsaloli tare da kwalara fiye da maza, kuma ana ganin alamun farko na cutar shekaru goma da suka gabata;
- Shan taba sigari - masu shan sigari suna da haɗarin haɓaka haɓaka ba kawai cutar kansa da tarin fuka ba, har ma da cutar atherosclerosis mai ƙarfi tare da duk sakamakon da ke biyo baya.
- Matsalar kiba shine mafi haɗarin haɗari, saboda rasa nauyi koyaushe yana yiwuwa, kawai kuna buƙata da buƙata.
Rukuni na biyu na haɗarin haɗari ana kiransa a wani ɓangare, ko mai yiwuwar sakewa.
Waɗannan sune abubuwan da ke zuwa:
- Take hakkin abun ciki a cikin jiki baya ga cholesterol na sauran lipids, kamar triglycerides da chylomicrons;
- Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce mai girma a kowane yanayi. A tsawon lokaci, a matsayin ɗayan rikice-rikice masu rikice-rikice, ƙananan ciwon sukari da macroangiopathy suna haɓaka - lalacewar ƙanana da manyan jijiyoyin jini. A dabi'ance, wannan lamari ne mai kyau don adana filayen cholesterol. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin masu ciwon sukari suna da kiba sosai (musamman tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na biyu);
- Levelsarancin matakan lipoproteins mai yawa - ana kiran cholesterol mai kyau "mai kyau" kuma ba cutarwa ga jiki ba, amma wanda ke haɗuwa da ƙarancin lipoproteins mai ƙarancin gaske bashi da amfani sosai. Sabili da haka, kan aiwatar da magani suna neman ƙara adadin "kyakkyawa", da rage matakin "mummunan" cholesterol;
- Hanyar cuta ta metabolism shine sunan da aka samo asali don bayyanuwar abubuwa da yawa, wanda ya haɗa da hauhawar jini (hawan jini), adon mai mai matsakaici (yawancin akan ciki), ƙara yawan triglycerides, da sukari mai jini mara tsayayye (rashin haƙuri).
Rukuni na uku na abubuwanda ke haifar da rikicewar abubuwa bashi da wani tsayayye kuma sun dogara ne da mutumin. Wannan galibi shine salon rayuwa - yana bayar da gudummawa ga samun nauyi da ƙarancin shiri na mutane da tasiri akan jikin damuwa da canje-canjen yanayi;
Wannan rukuni na abubuwan sun hada da cin zarafin duk wani abin da ke dauke da giya.
Bayyanannun bayyananniyar cututtuka na lalata atherosclerosis
Kwayar cutar ta atherosclerosis na iya samun tushen keɓancewa gabaɗaya. Wadannan na iya zama jijiyoyin jijiyoyin zuciya (coronary) arteries, aorta, cerebral tasoshin, mesenteric (mesenteric) arteries, koda tasoshin, reshe ƙananan hanji. Abubuwan da ke cikin zuciya da ƙananan ƙarshen sune mafi yawan lokuta ana cutar da su, kuma suna da alamomin bayyananniyar cutar.
Maganin jijiyoyin zuciya sune farkon wadanda ke fama da yawan kiba a jikin mutum. Takardun da suke bayyana a jikinsu a hankali suna haɓaka cikin girman, suna haɓakawa da ƙari cikin ƙwayar jirgin. A tsawon lokaci, marasa lafiya suna kara damuwa game da ƙarancin ƙonewa, suna matsanancin zafi a bayan sternum. Yawancin lokaci ana danganta su da matakai daban-daban na motsa jiki, amma tare da aiki mai gudana, zasu iya faruwa har a hutawa. Wadannan hare-hare ana kiran su angina pectoris.
Angina pectoris shine mafi tsananin bayyanuwar cutar cututtukan zuciya (CHD). Ana kiranta ischemic, saboda lalacewar ƙwayar jijiya ta atherosclerosis ko kuma saboda ƙurajewar su (ƙwaƙwalwa), ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya tana fama da ischemia, wato, daga rashin isashshen oxygen. Saboda wannan, zuciya kanta ba zata iya yin komai cikakke ba, kuma wannan yana haifar da gazawar jini. Kyakkyawan hanya na cututtukan zuciya na iya haifar da infarction na zuciya a kowane lokaci.
Tare da atherosclerosis na aorta, bayyanar cututtuka na iya dan hankali kadan. Marasa lafiya sau da yawa sun koka da tsananin farin ciki, lokaci-lokaci asarar hankali, ciwon kirji.
Lalacewa ga mahaifa (kwakwalwa) shine sananne a cikin tsofaffi da dattijo. Wataƙila, mutane da yawa sun kalli yadda tsofaffi ke iya sauƙin faɗi yadda ƙuruciyarsu da samari suka tafi, amma ba za su iya tuna abin da ya faru jiya da abin da suka ci da karin kumallo. Wadannan alamun ana kiransu alamar Ribot. Bugu da ƙari, canje-canje akai-akai a cikin yanayi, juyayi, hawaye, taɓawa, da ciwon kai ba su yanke hukunci ba. Mafi haɗarin rikicewar ƙwayar cuta a cikin mahaifa shine rauni.
Ana amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ko ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa marasa galibi akai-akai. An bayyana su ta hanyar raunin abinci daban-daban, ƙonewa a cikin ciki, wani lokacin amai, har ma da lalatawar hanji. Koyaya, ana iya lura da irin waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka tare da wasu cututtukan wasu cututtuka na tsarin narkewa, dangane da abin da yake da muhimmanci sosai don gudanar da rarrabuwar ƙwayar cuta (bambancin ganewar asali) tare da kamuwa da cuta a cikin asibitin.
Atherosclerosis na koda danko ne ke sa kansa yaji da wuri. A cikin marasa lafiya, matsi ya hauhawa sosai, kuma kusan bashi yiwuwa a saukar dashi. Wannan shine abin da ake kira sakandare, ko alama, hawan jini na koda. Koyaya, suna iya yin gunaguni game da ciwon baya na bambancin ƙarfi.
Shafe cututtukan atherosclerosis na ƙananan sassan yana tasowa sau da yawa, kuma yanayin aikinta shine mafi rikitarwa. Bari muyi magana game da shi a cikin ƙarin daki-daki.
Shafe cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙananan sassan
Wannan nau'in atherosclerosis yana damun mutane da yawa. Marasa lafiya na koka da yawan lokacin ƙafafu, saurin daskarewarsu, parasthesia ("goose bumps") na kafafu, ƙyallen fata na ƙananan ƙarshen, asarar gashi a ƙafafu, ƙarancin ƙusa, har ma da dadewa marasa warkar da cututtukan mahaifa da gangrene na iya haɓaka nan gaba.
Cutar ƙwayar cuta da ƙwayar cuta, a matsayin sakamakon aiwatarwa, ana yawan lura da su sosai a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon sukari mellitus. A farko, kafafu sun zama kamar baƙi, wani lokacin ma za'a iya samun launi mai kyau. Sannan, a tsawon lokaci, fatar ta koma ja, ƙafar ta kumbura, ƙwayar trophic ba ta warkarwa, kuma duk wata lahani ga ƙafafun, ko ƙanƙanta ƙananan abubuwa ne, ƙyallen ƙusa, ƙusa ko makama na iya haifar da sauri cikin hanzari.
Tare da gangrene, an nuna wani yanki na wani reshe, gwargwadon yaduwar necrosis. Kamar yadda ka sani, yankewawa ba makawa yana haifar da nakasa. Saboda irin wannan mummunan sakamako na masu ciwon sukari ne likitoci ke ba da shawarwari na gaggawa don kula da ƙafa: dole ne a koyaushe a yi musu ɗumi, don a hana wani, har ma da ƙaramar lalacewar fata, kuma a kowane lokaci sa suttura, mara ƙyallen fata.
Wani sananniyar alama ta soke atherosclerosis na ƙananan ƙarshen shine bayyananne. A wannan yanayin, mai haƙuri, lokacin da yake tafiya a wurare masu nisa, yana tilasta dakatarwa lokaci-lokaci, tunda yana da damuwa game da ƙona zafin a ƙafafunsa, sanyinsu, ƙyallen, da kuma jin "goosebumps." Saboda haka, wannan bayyanin ya bayyana matakai hudu na lalata atherosclerosis:
- Na farko - mutum zai iya tafiya cikin natsuwa wanda ya wuce mil kilomita, kuma yana jin zafi kawai tare da gagarumar motsa jiki.
- Na biyun (a) - mai haƙuri na iya tafiya da yardar kaina kawai a nisan mita 250 zuwa kilomita ɗaya.
- Na biyu (b) - tafiya kyauta yana yiwuwa ne a nisan mil 50 zuwa 250.
- Na uku - a wannan matakin ischemia mai mahimmanci nama ya shigo, mai haƙuri ba zai iya yin natsuwa sama da mita 50 ba. Jin zafi yana yiwuwa koda a hutawa da dare.
- Na hudu - bayyanar cututtukan trophic, da kuma daga baya.
Atherosclerosis na ƙananan ƙarshen zai iya faruwa a dunƙule, subacute da kullun. Babban halin da ake ciki yana nunawa ta hanyar haɓakar haɓakar cuta mai yaɗuwar cuta da haɗari, dangane da abin da dole ne a kwantar da marasa lafiya nan da nan kuma a yanke shi. Game da batun subacute na cutar, atherosclerosis shine intermetiological a cikin yanayi, shine, maye gurbin sauƙin yanayi ta hanyar yanayi mai kyau.
A hanya mai wuya, alamu suna bayyana a hankali kuma suna ƙaruwa a hankali.
Hanyoyi don gano cutar
Binciki marasa lafiya da ake zargin obliterans arteriosclerosis obliterans dole ne su mai da hankali sosai. Da farko, koyaushe suna mai da hankali ga halayen marasa lafiya: saurin gajiya da kafafu lokacin tafiya, rauni mai rauni, takamaiman rauni, asarar gashi, bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan fata da kuma fitar da fata na ƙananan ƙarshen. Bugu da kari, motsawar jijiyoyin mahaifa koyaushe an kaddara - jijiyoyin baya na kafa, tibia, popliteal da femoral. An gudanar da gwajin daidai ne daga ƙasa zuwa sama, saboda distal (ƙananan) ɓangarorin ƙashin ƙafafunsu sun fara wahala da farko, kuma da farko bugun ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin suna rauni ko ɓacewa. Wannan hanya ta wajaba ne ga marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari saboda babban haɗarin haɓakar ciwon sukari da macroangiopathies.
M alƙawarin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kayan aiki hanyoyin bincike. Daga cikin hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana tura marasa lafiya zuwa bayanin martaba na lipid - bincike wanda ya nuna jigon dukkan nau'ikan lipids a cikin jini (jimlar kwayoyi, mara nauyi, ragu sosai, tsaka-tsakin yanayi da manyan maganadisun lipoproteins, triglycerides da chylomicrons).
Daga cikin hanyoyin kayan aiki, gwajin duban dan tayi game da tasoshin jini, angiography tare da bambanci da maganin magnetic resonance therapy (MRI). Angiography ta amfani da wakilai masu banbanci ya sa ya yiwu a tantance iyawar ƙwayar jijiyoyin, ƙarancin kunkuntar, kasancewar ƙwanƙwasawar jini da kuma ƙwarjin cholesterol. MRI hanya ce ta al'ada don nazarin tsarin ciki na jijiyoyin jini da kasancewar basur. Ba ya cutarwa don auna karfin jini da neman shawarar mai tiyata na jijiyoyin bugun jini, tunda akwai yuwuwar tiyata na iya zama dole (kamar toshe - shigar da balan-balan ta karfe wacce ke fadada fitsarin jirgi da “murkushe” allunan cholesterol.Wannan daya ne daga hanyoyi mafi inganci don hana sake komawa daga cututtukan atherosclerosis).
Bambancin ganewar asali na kawar da atherosclerosis tare da cututtuka irin su cutar ta Raynaud, lalata endarteritis da thromboangiitis, sciatic neuritis da cutar Monkeberg suna da mahimmanci. Tare da jijiya na jijiya na sciatic jijiya, ana gano abin da ake ji na jin zafi, nakasa da tingling a cinya na waje da kuma a cikin sashin cikin kafa na kasa, yayin da atherosclerosis wadannan alamomin sun fara bayyana daga ƙananan sassan ƙafa. Kwayar cuta ta Monkeberg ta ginu ne bisa ga asalinsa, kuma a lokaci guda, ana gabatar da membranes na dukkan manyan jijiyoyin wuya.
A wannan halin, ba a lura da take hakkin metabolism, kamar dai babu wasu abubuwan da ake buƙata don ci gaban atherosclerosis.
Jiyya da rigakafin shafewa atherosclerosis
Likitan da ke halartar ya kamata a sanya ido a kan aiwatar da matakan warkewa da kuma amfani da kwayoyi don magance cutar.
Jiyya na rushewar atherosclerosis na ƙananan ƙarshen zai hada da babban matakai.
Hanyoyin magani na Conservative - sun haɗa da amfani da rukunin magunguna na musamman, irin su statins, fibrates, sequion musayar anion da shirye-shiryen acid na nicotinic. Abubuwan hana rigakafi don amfanin su sune matsalolin hanta. Ana amfani da antispasmodics wanda zai iya kawar da spasm na jini (Papaverine, No-shpa).
M ne alƙawarin anticoagulants da antiplatelet jamiái - waɗannan magungunan suna daidaita suturar jini.
Abincin abinci shine ɗayan manyan ayyukan yaƙi a cikin yaƙi da cholesterol. Wajibi ne a iyakance ko ma ware abinci tare da babban sinadarin cholesterol daga abincin, a rage cin abinci mai mai yawa, soyayyen, kyafaffen mai gishiri.
Madadin haka, ana ba da shawarar ƙara yawan amfani da kayan marmari da 'ya'yan itace, berries, ganye, kabeji, karas, kwayoyi, man kayan lambu, ganyayyaki, ƙarancin mai mai da kifi, da kuma abincin teku. Hakanan zaka iya rage adadin zaki, madarar shayi da kofi.
Ayyukan motsa jiki wajibi ne - musamman ayyukan motsa jiki (aikin motsa jiki), tafiya na yau da kullun don akalla rabin sa'a, saboda duk wannan yana taimakawa wajen motsa jini a cikin kafafu kuma ya kawar da karin fam.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙarin ra'ayoyi masu kyau game da maganin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa da masu ƙari na kwayar halitta (BAA)
A fatawar marasa lafiya, yana yiwuwa a kula da magungunan jama'a, alal misali, infusions da kayan ado na ganye, wanda za'a iya shirya shi a gida sauƙaƙe;
A cikin lokuta masu tsanani, ana amfani da hanyoyin aikin tiyata na ci gaba (stenting, shunting).
Yin rigakafin shafewa atherosclerosis tsari ne mai sauqi qwarai. Kuna buƙatar kawai watsi da halaye marasa kyau, cin abinci daidai, yin motsa jiki akai-akai, saka idanu akan nauyi da matakan cholesterol, sannan kuma magance kullun sauran matsalolin kiwon lafiya waɗanda zasu haifar da atherosclerosis.
Kwararre a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin zaiyi magana game da lalata atherosclerosis.
