Cutar sankarau

Cutar sankarar mellitus tana nufin yanayin rayuwa na tsarin endocrine na mutum, wanda isasshen tsarin insulin ko kuma jinkirin ƙwayoyin jikin mutum zuwa ga hormone lokacin da aka samar da isasshen adadin. Sakamakon shine ƙara yawan glucose a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da rudani a cikin ayyukan metabolism, sel sel da kyallen takarda, jijiyoyin jiki da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini.

Bayyanar cututtuka na kamuwa da cuta ya kamata ya faru a farkon bayyanannun, domin lura ya isa kuma kan lokaci. Labarin ya tattauna tambayoyi game da bambancin ganewar asali na nau'in 1 da nau'ikan cututtukan 2 a cikin yara da manya, game da nazarin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da bayyanar cutar, da kuma game da ƙayyade sakamakon.

Siffofin ilimin dabbobi

Nau'in cuta ta 1 (nau'in dogaro da insulin) sau da yawa yakan faru a ƙarami kuma a cikin yara, tunda abubuwan da ke haifar da bayyanar shi shine aikin abubuwan fashewa da abubuwan haɗari tare da haɗarin gado. Kwayoyin cuta na kwayan cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, hanyoyin sarrafa kansa suna tsokani mutuwar sel waɗanda ke yin insulin. Ba a samar da Hormone a cikin adadin da ake buƙata ba. Jiyya don wannan tsari shine maganin insulin tare da rage cin abinci maras nauyi.

Nau'in cuta na 2 na (nau'in da ba shi da insulin) alama ce ta tsofaffi, waɗanda ke da kiba, suna yin rayuwa mai tsayi. Cutar koda tana samar da isasshen hormone, wani lokacin ma harma da abin da ake bukata. Kwayoyin da kasusuwa na jiki sun zama ba su da hankali ga insulin ba tare da amsa abin da aka yi ba. Asibitin wannan nau'in ba kamar yadda aka ambata kamar yadda tare da nau'in cuta ta 1 ba. Jiyya wani ƙarancin abinci ne da magunguna masu rage sukari.

Bayyanar cututtukan sukari

Bayyanar cututtuka wanda zakuyi tunani game da haɓakar cutar sune kamar haka:

• itching na fata;
• urin yawan urination;
• ko da yaushe ji ƙishirwa;
• canje-canje a cikin nauyin jiki (a farkon matakan, raguwa mai nauyi, sannan riba mai yawa);
• ƙanshi na acetone daga bakin (tare da nau'in 1);
• hare-hare masu rauni a cikin ƙwayoyin maraƙin;
• fata ta rashes kamar furunlera.

Irin waɗannan bayyanannun sun fi nuna halayyar ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da insulin. Nau'in na 2 na iya zama asymptomatic na dogon lokaci (ɓoye, latent).

Gano farkon cutar alamun cuta mataki ne na ci gaba da kyakkyawan matsayin rayuwa

A cikin yara, cutar tana da ƙarin alamun bayyananniya. An nuna shi ta hanyar saurin gajiya, gajiya, da ƙarancin aiki, rashi nauyi a bangon yunwar da ya wuce kima.

Bambanci

Bambancin ganewar asali game da ciwon sukari ya ƙunshi a gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje da tarihin likita. Toari ga yin ingantaccen ganewar asali, ya wajaba don tantance siffarta. Dif Ana gudanar da bincike tare da yanayin cututtukan da ke gaba a cikin tebur.

Hanyoyin bincike

Zai yuwu a gano cutar sankarar mama bayan gwajin fitsari, da kuma jijiyoyin jini. Eterayyade matakin sukari, ƙididdigar alamomin insulin, matakin glycosylated haemoglobin, fructosamine, kimanta ƙididdigar ƙwayar cuta da yawa don ƙaddarawar haɗin enzyme da ke tattare da rigakafi.

Nazarin Urinal

Ofaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin bincike, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman ɓangaren m na binciken jikin mutum. Yakamata mai lafiya yakamata ya sami sukari a cikin fitsari; a wasu yanayi, kasancewar 0.8 mmol / L yana halatta. Idan akwai alamun da ke sama, ana amfani da kalmar "glucosuria".

Don tattara kayan don bincike, kuna buƙatar shirya busassun akwati mai tsabta kuma ku bi hanyoyin tsabtace tsabta. Ba a amfani da kashi na farko na fitsari, ana tattara tsakiyar a cikin akwati, kuma na ƙarshe kuma an sake shi zuwa bayan gida. Dole ne a kawo wa dakin gwaje-gwaje da wuri domin sakamakon ya yi daidai.

Fitsari ruwa ne wanda ke dauke da kwayar halitta tare da alamomin bincike mai mahimmanci.

Jikin Ketone

Bayyan acetone a cikin fitsari shaida ce cewa rikice-rikice na rayuwa suna faruwa ne a matakin lipid da carbohydrate metabolism. Don sanin jikin ketone, takamaiman gwaje-gwaje wajibi ne. Bugu da ƙari ga gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje, acetone a cikin fitsari a cikin yara da manya za a iya "ganuwa" tare da taimakon hanyoyin gwaje-gwaje, waɗanda aka samo a cikin magunguna.

Fitsarin furotin yana aiki

Wannan bincike yana ba ku damar sanin kasancewar rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari a cikin hanyar nephropathy. Matakan farko na ilmin halitta tare da bayyanar karamin albumin, tare da raguwa a cikin matakan furotin ya zama mafi girma.

Cikakken ƙidaya jini

Yadda za a ba da gudummawar jini don sukari tare da kaya

Jinin kwayar halittar ruwa ne, babban alamomi wanda ya canza tare da keta gabobin jiki da tsarin jikin mutum. An kimanta sharuddan ganewar asali lokacin bincike:

• ƙididdigar alamomi masu fasali;
• haemoglobin;
• alamomin coagulation;
• bashincrit;
• Yawan erythrocyte sedimentation.

Gwajin glucose

Yi amfani da kunama ko jinin farin ciki. Shiri don tarin kayan kamar haka:

• da safe kafin bincike, kada ku ci komai, zaku iya shan ruwa;
• a cikin awanni 24 da suka gabata kar a sha giya;
• Kada ku goge haƙoranku da safe, ku watsar da ɗanɗano, tunda sukari yana cikin shi.

Nazarin kwayoyin

An tabbatar da bambance-bambancen cututtukan ciwon sukari ta hanyar tabbatar da alamun masu zuwa:

• cholesterol - tare da ciwon sukari, matakinsa ya fi na al'ada;
• C-peptide - tare da nau'in cuta na 1, an rage matakin, tare da nau'in cuta na 2 - na al'ada ko sama;
• fructosamine - alamomi suna ƙaruwa sosai;
• matakin insulin - tare da nau'in 1, alamu suna raguwa, tare da nau'in insulin-zaman kanta, al'ada ko ƙara dan kadan;
• lipids - matakin yana sama.

Gwajin jini na biochemical - ikon kimanta sharudda masu mahimmanci sama da 10 don bambance ciwon sukari

Gwajin gwajin haƙuri

Ana ba da bincike da safe akan komai a ciki. Ana ɗaukar jini don ganewar asali daga yatsa ko jijiya. Mataimakin dakin gwaje-gwaje yana ba mai haƙuri damar shan maganin glucose wanda ke da takamaiman taro. Bayan sa'o'i 2, ana tattara kayan daidai kamar yadda yake a farkon abin. Kamar yadda likitan ilimin endocrinologist ya nuna, yin gwajin jini na matsakaici na iya zama dole.

Fassara sakamakon (a mmol / l):

• Babu ciwon sukari: a kan komai a ciki - har zuwa 5.55, bayan sa'o'i 2 - har zuwa 7.8.
• Cutar sukari: a kan komai a ciki - har zuwa 7.8, bayan awa 2 - har zuwa 11.
• Ciwon sukari: a kan komai a ciki - sama da 7.8, bayan awa 2 - sama da 11.

Glycosylated haemoglobin

Gwajin da ya zama tilas ga bambancin kamuwa da cutar sankarau. Tsarin aiwatarwa yana ba ku damar fayyace adadi mai nuna alamun glucose a cikin jini a cikin watanni 3 da suka gabata. Kai daga safe zuwa abinci. Bayyan sakamakon:

• ka’ida shine 4.5-6.5%;
• nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 - 6.5-7%;
• nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 - 7% ko fiye.

Tarin kayan da kuma shirye-shiryen haƙuri ga duk ayyukan da ke sama sune ɓangare na kulawa da jinya ga marasa lafiya a cikin tsarin kulawa da marasa lafiya.

Bayyanar cututtuka da rikice-rikice na cutar

A wasu halayen, ana saita gano cutar "cuta mai daɗi" ta fuskar tushen rikitarwa. Idan wannan ya faru da farko, yakamata mai haƙuri ya ɗauki gwaje-gwaje a kai a kai don gano matsalar a farkon matakan. A cikin garuruwa da cibiyoyin yanki, mahalarta masu binciken endocrinologists suna yin shirin jarrabawar, kuma a ƙauyuka wannan aikin na likitan ne.

Likita shine mataimaki na dindindin a yaki da cutar

Tsarin binciken samfurin:

1. Tattaunawa da jarrabawa daga likitan mahaifa. Ya ƙunshi ophthalmoscopy, gonioscopy, jarrabawar fundus, tomography na gani (don ware retinopathy na ciwon sukari).
2. Tattaunawa tare da ƙwararren likitan zuciya, gudanar da ECG, echocardiography, angiography coronary (don tantance kasancewar cardiosclerosis, cututtukan zuciya).
3. Binciken ta hanyar angiosurgeon, Doppler da arteriography na ƙananan ƙarshen (don tantance amincin tasoshin ƙafafun kafafu, hana ci gaban atherosclerosis).
4. Tattaunawa game da ilimin halittar mahaifa, duban dan tayi, farfadowa, reroplerography na koda (don ware cututtukan mahaifa).
5. Gwajewar da ƙwararren masanin ilimin ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya, ƙuduri na ji na ƙwarai, aiki na sassauci, raɗaɗɗar maganadisu na ƙirar kwakwalwa (ƙuduri na neuropathy na ciwon sukari, encephalopathy).

Matakan bincike na lokaci-lokaci suna ba ku damar fara maganin farko, hana haɓaka mummunan rikice-rikice da kuma kula da babban matsayin rayuwa ga mai haƙuri.