Masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar mai da hankali sosai ga lafiyarsu kuma suna lura da matakan sukarin jini a kai a kai, tunda duk wani aiki da ba daidai ba zai iya haifar da haɓaka rikice-rikice, gami da maganin retinopathy. Wannan halin ana san shi ta hanyar bangaran gani ko ɓataccen hangen nesa, ɓarkewar hoton da ke bayyane ko bayyanar mayafin a gaban idanun. Koyaya, tare da tambayar abin da za a yi idan hangen nesa ya faɗi tare da ciwon sukari, mutane da yawa masu ciwon sukari ba su cikin hanzari su nemi likita ba kuma suna ƙoƙarin magance matsalar su da kansu. Amma yin hakan rarrabu ba zai yiwu ba, tunda wasanni masu son wasan kwaikwayon a wannan yanayin na iya haifar da fadada hangen nesa.
Sanadin asarar hangen nesa
Cutar sankara (mellitus) cuta ce ta tsari wanda a cikin matakan suga yake kusan a koyaushe a matakin babba na al'ada. Wannan ya cutar da tsarin jijiyoyin jiki - ganuwar jijiyoyin jini da kuma gangunan jiki sun zama na bakin ciki, sun rasa elasticity kuma sukan lalace. A kan wannan yanayin, zubar da jini yana da damuwa, saboda abin da abubuwan gina jiki ke shiga sel da kyallen takarda na jiki.
Daga cikin sauran dalilan da yasa hangen nesa na iya faruwa a cikin cututtukan mellitus, ana iya rarrabe cututtuka masu zuwa:
- glaucoma
- kamawa.
Wadannan cututtukan idanu ma ana yawan samun kamuwa da su a cikin masu cutar sankara, kuma suma sakamakon sakamakon yaduwa ne. Amma ya kamata a lura cewa ana iya ganin ƙaramin wahayi a cikin mai haƙuri lokaci-lokaci kuma a daidai lokacin da ake ƙaruwa da yawaitar sukari na jini. A wannan yanayin, don daidaita yanayin su, ya zama dole don aiwatar da ayyukan da zasu rage matakin glucose a cikin jini.
Alamomin farko da alamun cutar
Rushewa da ɓarna da gabobin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mellitus na ciwon sukari na faruwa a hankali, sabili da haka, a farkon matakan haɓaka waɗannan hanyoyin, mai haƙuri da kansa ba ya lura da canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin tsinkaye na gani. Shekaru da yawa, hangen nesa na iya zama mai kyau, zafi da sauran alamun kowace hargitsi na iya kasancewa gabaɗaya.
Yana da mahimmanci a kula da alamun farko na raunin gani a cikin lokaci, tunda wannan ita ce kawai hanyar da za a iya hana ci gaba da faduwa.
Kuma yayin da hanyoyin tsufa suka riga suka isa wani lokaci na ci gaban su, mai haƙuri na iya fuskantar waɗannan alamun:
- mayafi a gaban idanun;
- duhu "aibobi" ko "goosebumps" a gaban idanun;
- karatun wahalar da ba a lura da ita ba.
Waɗannan sune alamomin farko da ke nuna cewa cutar ta riga ta fara samun ci gaba cikin sauri kuma lokaci ya yi da za a magance ta. Amma sau da yawa, masu ciwon sukari da yawa ba sa haɗa mahimmancin waɗannan canje-canje a cikin tsinkaye na gani kuma basa ɗaukar matakai.
Koyaya, ya kara tabarbarewa da muni. Tunani a hankali yana raguwa, daga wucewar tsokoki na ido, ciwon kai ya bayyana, akwai jin zafi a idanu da jin bushewa. Kuma a wannan matakin ne marasa lafiya ke yawan zuwa likita da yin gwaje-gwaje, wanda ke ba da damar gano ci gaban cututtukan fata.
Matakan hanyoyin bincike da za'ayi domin gano hanyoyin cutar a idanu na iya hadawa da:
- duba acuity na gani da kuma gano iyakokin sa;
- gwajin ophthalmic na ƙungiyar ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman;
- ma'aunin matsin lamba na ciki;
- duban dan tayi.
Likita ne kawai zai iya tantance ainihin dalilin lalacewar hangen nesa da alaƙar ta da haɓakar ciwon sukari
Ya kamata a lura cewa galibi matsalolin hangen nesa suna faruwa a cikin waɗancan mutanen da suka kamu da ciwon sukari na shekaru (shekaru 20 ko sama da haka). Amma a cikin aikin likita an sami lokuta da yawa inda bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari mellitus ya riga ya saba da asalin hangen nesa mara kyau.
Rashin maganin ciwon sukari
Tsarin ido na ido wani abu ne da ke tattare da sel kwararru wadanda ke yin aiki mai mahimmanci. Su ne suke kunna hasken da yake wucewa ta ruwan tabarau zuwa hoto. Bayan haka, an haɗa jijiya mai kwakwalwa zuwa aikin, wanda ke watsa bayanan gani zuwa kwakwalwa.
Lokacin da zagayarwar jijiyoyin ido suka gaji da damuwa, sai suka fara karbar karancin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda a hankali yake raguwa a cikin ayyukan retina kuma ana lura da jijiyoyin ido, a sakamakon wankan ciwon sukari wanda yake farawa.
Tsarin aiki a cikin gabobin hangen nesa a cikin maganin ciwon sukari
A wannan yanayin, raguwar jijiya ta gani na faruwa ne sakamakon karuwar hauhawar ciki, lalacewar capillaries da karshen jijiyoyi. Ana kiran wannan yanayin a magani kamar yadda ake amfani da microangiopathy, wanda kuma yana faruwa tare da cututtukan koda. A cikin yanayin yayin da cutar ta shafi manyan tasoshin, to, muna magana ne game da macroangiopathy, wanda ya hada da halayen cututtukan cuta irin su infarction na myocardial infarction da bugun jini.
Kuma bincike da yawa sun tabbatar da dangantakar dake tsakanin ciwon sukari da ci gaban microangiopathy, don haka kawai hanyar magance wannan cutar ita ce daidaita matakan sukari na jini. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, retinopathy zai ci gaba ne kawai.
Da yake magana game da siffofin wannan cuta, ya kamata a lura:
Maganin ciwon sukari da kuma alamunta- tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na ciwon sukari, retinopathy na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewar jijiyoyi na gani da kuma cikakkiyar asarar hangen nesa;
- tsawon lokaci na ciwon sukari, mafi girman hadarin matsalolin hangen nesa;
- idan ba ku kula da ci gaban retinopathy a cikin lokaci ba kuma ba ku ɗauki wasu hanyoyin warkewa ba, to kusan yana da wuya a guji cikakken asarar hangen nesa;
- mafi yawan lokuta, retinopathy yana faruwa a cikin tsofaffi, a cikin yara ƙanana da mutanen da ke shekara 20-45 yana tasowa da wuya.
Yawancin marasa lafiya suna tambayar kansu: yaya za a kare idanun su a cikin ciwon sukari? Kuma yin wannan abu ne mai sauqi qwarai. Ya isa a kai wa likitocin ido a kai a kai kuma a bi duk shawarwarinsa, kazalika a kai a kai a kai don sarrafa matakan sukari na jini.
Karatuttukan asibiti sun tabbatar da cewa idan mai haƙuri ya jagoranci ingantacciyar rayuwa, ba ta da ɗabi'a mara kyau, yana ɗaukar magunguna a kai a kai kuma ya ziyarci likitocin ophthalmologist, to, ana rage yiwuwar cututtukan ido da masu ciwon suga da kashi 70%.
Matakan maimaitawar ido
A cikin duka, an bambanta matakai guda 4 na ma'asassun:
- Bayani na baya;
- maculopathy;
- maganin farfadowa;
- kamawa.
Matakan ci gaban cututtukan cututtukan masu ciwon sukari
Bayani na baya
Ana nuna wannan halin ta hanyar lalacewar ƙaramar ƙarancin kuɗin kuɗin da sauyawa a ginin. Pewarewarta shine cewa ba ta bayyana kanta a kowace hanya. Kuma don hana sauyin asali na maganin cututtukan fata zuwa wasu nau'ikan cutar, ya zama dole a kula da matakan sukari na jini a koyaushe.
Maculopathy
A wannan mataki na ci gaban cutar, ana gano mai haƙuri da cutar raunuka ta macula, wacce ke da babban rawar da take takawa wajen aiwatar da hangen nesa na mutum a duniya ta hanyar hoto. A wannan mataki ne na retinopathy cewa, a matsayinka na mai mulki, akwai raguwar raguwar hangen nesa a cikin masu ciwon sukari.
Cutar farfadiya mai tsoka
Wannan halin yana nuna isasshen iskar oxygen ga tasoshin da ke bayar da gabobin jiki, a sakamakon wanda sabbin jiragen ruwa ke farawa daga saman ƙasan kuɗin da ke haifar da lalacewarsa.
Katara
Sakamakon duk hanyoyin da aka ambata a sama, ɓarawon farawa ya fara tasowa, wanda duhu haɗe yake da tabarau, lokacin da yake al'ada yana da bayyananniyar fuska. Lokacin da ruwan tabarau yayi duhu, ikon mayar da hankali kan hoto da rarrabewa tsakanin abubuwa yana raguwa, sakamakon abin da mutumin yake kusan rasa hangen nesa.
Ya kamata a sani cewa a cikin masu ciwon sukari, ana gano ƙwayar ido sau da yawa fiye da mutane masu lafiya, kuma tana bayyana kanta da alamu kamar hotuna masu duhu da hangen nesa marasa amfani. Ba a gudanar da aikin likita na kamuwa da cuta, tunda ba ya bayar da sakamako. Don dawo da hangen nesa, ana buƙatar shigar da aikin tiyata, a yayin da aka maye gurbin ruwan tabarau mara kyau tare da abin rufewa. Amma koda bayan wannan, mai haƙuri zai ci gaba da sawa ko dai gilashin ko kuma ruwan tabarau.
Kyakkyawan misali na yadda cataract ido yake gani
Sau da yawa tare da rikitarwa hanya na retinopathy a cikin masu ciwon sukari, gano ƙwayar ido na jini. Ruwan cikin ido na ciki cike yake da jini, wanda hakan yana haɓaka kaya a jikin gabobin idanu da raguwar hangen nesa a cikin kwanaki da yawa. Idan zubar jinin ya kasance mai tsanani kuma gabaɗaya ɗakin gaba na ido yana cike da jini, ya kamata ka nemi shawarar likita nan da nan, domin akwai haɗarin da ke tattare da cikakkiyar hangen nesa.
Jiyya
Tare da haɓakar retinopathy a cikin mai ciwon sukari, duk matakan warkewa suna farawa da daidaita abinci mai gina jiki da haɓaka metabolism. Don wannan dalili, ana iya tsara takaddun magunguna na musamman waɗanda dole ne a ɗauka daidai gwargwadon shirin da likita ya tsara.
Bugu da ƙari, marasa lafiya suna buƙatar kulawa da sukarin jini koyaushe, ɗaukar magunguna masu rage sukari, da kuma gudanar da allurar insulin. Amma ya kamata a sani cewa duk waɗannan matakan suna da tasiri ne kawai a farkon matakan retinopathy. Idan mai haƙuri ya rigaya yana da mahimmancin gani, to, ba a amfani da hanyoyin ra'ayin mazan jiya, tunda ba su ba da wani sakamako.
A wannan yanayin, laser coagulation na retina, wanda aka gudana ta amfani da maganin hana haihuwa, yana ba da sakamako mai kyau na warkewa. Wannan hanyar gaba daya mara jinyar mara lafiya ce kuma zai wuce minti 5. Ya danganta da matakin zagayawa tsakanin jijiyoyin bugun jini da na jijiyoyin bugun jini, da buqatar coagulation na laser na iya faruwa akai-akai.
A yayin da aka gano cewa mara lafiyar ya kamu da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, to za'ayi maganin kamar haka:
- likitanci - ana amfani da hadaddun bitamin da aka saukakkun abubuwa da kuma zubar da ido don taimakawa rage karfin ido da haɓakar sautin jijiyoyin bugun gini;
- tiyata - a wannan yanayin, ana yawan amfani da magani na laser ko vitrectomy.
Cutar tiyata ita ce mafi inganci magani ga cututtukan ido da ciwon sukari
Vitrectomy wani nau'in aikin tiyata ne wanda ake yi yayin zubar jini a gilashin vitreous, ɓoye na farji na ido, ko rauni ga masu nazarin gani. Kari akan haka, ana amfani da vitrectomy a cikin yanayi inda ba zai yiwu a maido da aikin gabobin gani ba ta amfani da wasu hanyoyin magani. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar ne kawai tare da yin amfani da maganin sa barci na gaba daya.
Ya kamata a fahimta cewa idan hanyar ciwon sukari ta bayyana tawaya ta hanyar gani, to ba kwa buƙatar jan lokaci. Da kansa, wannan yanayin bazai wuce ba, a nan gaba, hangen nesa zaiyi rauni kawai. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a nemi likita a kan kari kuma a bincika asusun. Abinda kawai ya dace shine yanke shawara a cikin wannan yanayin shine bin duk shawarwarin da likitocin da ke halartar taron suka kasance, kiyaye yanayin rayuwa da kuma sanya idanu akai-akai game da haɓakar ciwon sukari.
