Abinda ke haifar da ciwon sukari a cikin yara, yadda yake bayyana kanta kuma ko za'a iya warkewa

A cikin jikin mutum mai tasowa, dukkanin matakai suna faruwa da sauri fiye da na manya, saboda haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a gane kuma a dakatar da cutar a farkon. Haɓakar ciwon sukari a cikin yara na gudana cikin sauri, lokacin daga alamun farko da aka bayyana zuwa cutar rashin lafiyar masu ciwon sukari na ɗaukar fewan kwanaki, ko ma awanni. Sau da yawa, ana gano ciwon sukari a cikin cibiyar lafiya inda aka haifi yarinyar cikin halin rashin sani.

Statisticsididdigar masu ciwon sukari na yara ba abin takaici ba ne: an gano shi a cikin 0.2% na yara, kuma abin da ya faru yana ƙaruwa da sauri, a cikin shekara karuwar 5%. Daga cikin cututtukan cututtukan da suka lalace a cikin ƙuruciya, ciwon sukari mellitus yana ɗaukar matsayi na 3 a cikin yawan ganowa. Bari muyi kokarin gano irin nau'ikan cututtukan da ake iya yiwuwa a cikin yara, yadda za'a gano su da kuma magance su cikin lokaci.

Siffofin nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin yaro

Ciwon sukari mellitus wani hadadden cuta ne na rayuwa, wanda ke tare da haɓakawa da yawaitar haɗarin glucose a cikin jiragen. Sanadin karuwar wannan lamari ko dai cin zarafin samar da insulin ne, ko kuma raunana ayyukanta. A cikin jarirai, ciwon sukari shine mafi yawan cututtukan endocrine. Yaro na iya yin rashin lafiya a kowane zamani, amma galibi rikice-rikice yakan faru ne a tsakanin yara da masu karamin karfi yayin canje-canje na hormonal.

Ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini zai zama abin da ya wuce

• Normalization na sukari -95%
• Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 70%
• Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya -90%
• Rabu da cutar hawan jini - 92%
• Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare -97%

Ciwon yara na yara, a matsayinka na mai mulki, yafi tsanani kuma yafi dacewa da ci gaba fiye da girma. Bukatar insulin koyaushe yana canzawa, koyaushe ana tilasta wa iyaye su gwada glycemia kuma su sake ɗaukar kashi na hormone a cikin sabon yanayi. Abun hankali ga insulin yana tasiri ba kawai ta hanyar cututtukan cututtuka ba, har ma da matakin aiki, hauhawar hormonal har ma da mummunan yanayi. Tare da kulawa na yau da kullun, kulawa na likita da haɓakar iyaye, yaro mara lafiya yana cikin nasara yana ci gaba.

Sanadin ciwon sukari a cikin yara

Ba a fahimci abubuwan da ke haddasa cin zarafin ba, amma sanannu ne ga masu ba da shawarar. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana gano ciwon sukari a cikin yaro bayan yaga abubuwan da ke biyowa:

1. Cutar cututtukan yara - ƙwayoyin hura, amai, zazzaɓi da sauransu. Hakanan, ciwon sukari na iya zama rikitarwa ga mura, amai, ko mummunan ciwon makogwaro. Wadannan abubuwan haɗari suna da haɗari musamman a cikin jarirai waɗanda basuyi shekaru 3 ba.
2. Cutar da jijiyoyi a cikin lokacin balaga.
3. Rstarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, duka tsawan su da aure.
4. Raunin da ya faru, galibi ga kai da ciki.
5. Abubuwan abinci mai-kitse mai yawa wanda ke kan teburin jariri a kai a kai, musamman idan aka haɗu da rashi na motsawa, sune babban dalilin cutar ta 2.
6. Amfani da kwayoyi na jijiyoyi, da farko glucocorticoids da diuretics. Akwai tuhuma da cewa immunomodulators na iya zama haɗari, wanda a cikin Rasha ana ba da umarnin yawanci a kusan kowane sanyi.

Sanadin cutar a cikin yaro na iya zama decompensated ciwon sukari a cikin mahaifiyarsa. Irin waɗannan yaran an haife su da girma, suna da nauyi, amma suna iya kusantar rashin lafiya da masu ciwon sukari.

Abubuwan da aka gado suna taka rawa a cikin ci gaban cuta. Idan yaro na farko ba shi da lafiya tare da ciwon sukari, haɗarin yara na gaba a cikin iyali shine 5%. Tare da iyayen masu ciwon sukari guda biyu, babban haɗarin shine kusan 30%. A halin yanzu, akwai gwaje-gwaje da za su iya gano kasancewar alamun kwayoyin halittar masu ciwon sukari. Gaskiya ne, waɗannan karatun ba su da fa'ida ta amfani, tunda a halin yanzu babu matakan rigakafin da za su iya ba da tabbacin kawar da cutar.

Tsarin ciwon sukari

Shekaru da yawa, an dauki nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 shine kawai mai yiwuwa a cikin yaro. Yanzu an kafa shi cewa yana da kashi 98% na duka lokuta. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, cutar sikari na kara bayyanar da cututtukan da ba na gargajiya ba. A bangare guda, faruwar nau'in ciwon sukari nau'in 2 ya karu sosai, saboda al'adun mara kyau da karuwa mai yawa a cikin samari. A gefe guda, ci gaban magani ya ba da damar ƙayyade abubuwan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da ciwon sukari, waɗanda a baya aka ɗauke su da nau'in tsarkaka 1.

Wani sabon rarrabewar cututtukan carbohydrate da WHO ke gabatarwa sun hada da:

1. Nau'in 1, wanda ya kasu kashi autoimmune da idiopathic. Yana faruwa sosai fiye da sauran nau'ikan. Dalilin autoimmune shine rigakafi na kansa, wanda ke lalata ƙwayoyin huhu. Cutar sankara ta Idiopathic tana haɓaka ta hanyar guda ɗaya, amma babu alamun aiwatar da yanayin sarrafa kansa. Har yanzu ba a san musabbabin wadannan take hakkin ba.
2. Buga ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin yaro. Yana da nauyin 40% na duk shari'o'in da ba za a iya dangana da nau'in 1 ba. Cutar tana farawa yayin balaga a cikin yara waɗanda ke da nauyi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a wannan yanayin ana iya gano gado: daya daga cikin iyayen ma yana da ciwon sukari.
3. Kwayoyin halittu masu haɓakawa suna haifar da insulin illa. Da farko dai, ciwon suga ne (Modi-diabetes), wanda ya kasu kashi biyu, kowane ɗayan nasa yana da nasa ƙayyadaddu da hanyoyin magani. Yana cikin kimanin 10% na hyperglycemia, wanda baza'a iya danganta shi ga nau'in 1 ba. Cutar sankarar bargo ta Mitochondrial, wacce take gado kuma tana tare da raunin jijiyoyi, tana ɗaya rukuni ɗaya.
4. Kwayoyin halittar jini suna haifar da juriya na insulin. Misali, tsayayya da nau'in A, mafi yawan lokuta ana bayyanawa a cikin 'yan matan matasa, da kuma leprechuanism, wanda shine cuta mai haɓakawa da yawa tare da hauhawar jini.
5. Cutar sankarar mahaifa wata cuta ce da ake samu ta hanyar amfani da kwayoyi (yawanci glucocorticoids) ko wasu sunadarai. Yawanci, wannan nau'in ciwon sukari a cikin yara yana amsa da kyau ga magani.
6. Secondary ciwon sukari Dalilin na iya zama cututtuka da raunin ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke da alhakin samar da insulin, kazalika da cututtukan endocrine: cututtukan hypercorticism, acromegaly, wasu kwayoyin halittar jini waɗanda ke kara haɗarin ciwon sukari: ,asa, Shereshevsky-Turner, da dai sauransu na biyu na ciwon sukari a cikin yara yana ɗaukar kusan 20% na rikicewar carbohydrate ba shi da nasaba da nau'in 1.
7. Polyglandular insufficiency syndrome cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wanda ke shafar gabobin tsarin endocrine kuma yana iya lalata ƙwayoyin da ke samar da insulin.

Alamar farko ta cutar sankarau a cikin yara

Halarta na farko na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari a cikin yara yana wuce matakai da yawa. Tare da farawar lalacewar sel kwayar beta, ragowar suna karɓar ayyukansu. Yaron ya riga ya kamu da rashin lafiya, amma babu alamun. Guban glucose na jini ya fara girma lokacin da babu kykkyawan sel da yawa, kuma karancin insulin yana faruwa. A lokaci guda, kyallen takarda ba su da kuzari. Don gyarawa, jikin ya fara amfani da ajiyar mai kamar mai. Lokacin da kitse ya rushe, ana samar da ketones wanda ke shafar jariri mai guba, yana haifar da ketoacidosis, sannan coma.

A lokacin hawan sukari da kuma farawar ketoacidosis, ana iya gane cutar ta alamun alamomin:

Na farko bayyanar cututtuka za a iya masked ta hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, wanda ya zama babban cizon sukari. Idan ba ku shawarci likita ba da daɗewa, yanayin yarinyar ya tsananta. Ana nuna ciwon sukari ta hanyar amai, raɗaɗin ciki, ƙarancin sani, sabili da haka, lokacin da ake shiga asibiti, cututtukan hanji ko appendicitis sukan zama cututtukan farko.

Don gano ciwon sukari a cikin lokaci a cikin yaro, an shawarci masana kimiyyar endocrinologists suyi gwajin glucose bayan kowace cuta mai tsanani. Kuna iya yin gwajin bayyani ta amfani da šaukin glucometer a cikin mafi yawan dakunan gwaje-gwaje da kuma wasu magunguna. Tare da babban ƙwayar glycemia, ana iya gano sukari fitsari ta hanyar amfani da matakan gwaji.

Abubuwan bincike masu mahimmanci

A cikin yara, nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 yana ci gaba sosai, ana nuna shi da mummunan tashin hankali da bayyananniyar alamun. Alamun asibiti na gargajiya da sukari mai yawa na iya isa don ganewar asali. Sharuɗɗan shine azumin glycemia na sama da 7 ko kowane lokaci na rana fiye da 11 mmol / L. An tabbatar da bayyanar cutar ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje na insulin, C-peptide, rigakafi zuwa sel beta. Don ware sabon abu mai kumburi a cikin farji, ana yin sirinin duban dan tayi.

A cikin waɗanne lokuta ba shi yiwuwa a tantance nau'in ciwon sukari ba tare da bambanci ba:

• idan cutar ta fara a hankali, bayyanar cututtuka ta karu na dogon lokaci, akwai yuwuwar akwai nau'o'in cutar guda 2 ko nau'ikan Modi. Duk wani alamun cututtukan da aka goge ko na asali a gaban hyperglycemia na buƙatar ƙarin bincike;
• Jariri bai wuce watanni shida da haihuwa. A cikin ƙananan yara, nau'in 1 yana faruwa a cikin 1% na lokuta;
• yaro yana da ci gaban ci gaban cuta. Ana buƙatar bincika abubuwa don tantance maye gurbi.
• bincike don C-peptide shine al'ada (> 200) bayan shekaru 3 daga farkon ciwon sukari, glycemia ba tare da magani ya fi 8. Tare da nau'in 1 ba, wannan yana faruwa a cikin ƙasa da 5% na marasa lafiya. A cikin wasu yara, ƙwayoyin beta suna da lokaci don rushe gaba ɗaya;
• Rashin maganin rigakafi a lokacin bayyanar cuta shine lokaci don bayar da shawarar nau'in idiopathic 1 ko nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan da ba a sani ba.

Yadda ake kula da cutar siga a yara

Nau'in na 1 na ciwon sukari yana buƙatar tilas na ilimin insulin. Yana farawa nan da nan bayan gano cutar kuma yana ci gaba cikin rayuwa. Yanzu maye gurbin insulin naku tare da wucin gadi shine kawai hanyar da za a ceci ran yaro da masu ciwon sukari. Abincin abinci mai ƙananan carb na iya inganta glycemia mai mahimmanci, amma ba zai iya rama cutar ba, tun da glucose ya shiga cikin jini ba kawai daga abinci ba, har ma daga hanta, wanda aka yi shi daga ƙwayoyin da ba a amfani da su. Hanyoyin madadin zasu iya zama masu barazanar rayuwa ko kaɗan. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, babu ƙwayoyin beta, ba a samar da insulin ba. A karkashin irin wannan yanayin, babu maganin warkarwa wanda zai iya ci gaba da sukari.

Zaɓin insulin da horar da iyaye a cikin ka'idojin sarrafa glycemic yana faruwa a cikin tsarin asibiti, a nan gaba za a sami cikakkiyar kulawa. Bayan farawar insulin, ƙwayoyin beta da aka adana su sake fara aikin su, an rage buƙatar allura. Wannan sabon abu ana kiran shi da amaryar. Zai iya ɗaukar mako guda ko shekara guda. Duk wannan lokacin, yaro ya kamata ya sami ƙananan allurai na insulin. Ba shi yiwuwa a ƙi magani gaba daya.

Bayan gudun amarci, an canza yaron zuwa wani tsari mai zurfi na ilimin insulin, ta amfani da duka gajere da tsayi. An ba da kulawa ta musamman ga abinci mai gina jiki, yakamata a ƙidaya kowace gram na carbohydrates. Don rama wa masu ciwon sukari, duk wani abun ciye-ciye da ba a san shi ba, lallai ne a cire shi gaba daya.

Ana iya gudanar da insulin a karkashin fata a hanyoyi daban-daban. Ana ɗaukar sirinji a matsayin hanyar da ba a amfani da ita ba da ƙarancin amfani da yara. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da almarar sirinji, wanda ke ba da damar injections tare da kusan babu ciwo. Ta hanyar shekarun makaranta, ɗan ya riga ya san yadda ake yin allura, kaɗan daga baya ya koyi tattara alƙawarin syringe kuma saka madaidaicin kashi. Bayan shekaru 14, masu ciwon sukari tare da amintaccen hankali zasu iya yin lissafin insulin kansu kuma zasu iya zama mai 'yanci daga iyayensu a wannan batun.

Hanyar sarrafawa ta zamani na zamani itace famfo ta insulin. Tare da taimakonsa, yana yiwuwa a sami kyakkyawan sakamako na glycemia. Shahararsa a cikin yankuna na Russia ba ya daidaita, wani wuri (yankin Samara) fiye da rabin yaran an tura shi, wani wuri (yankin Ivanovo) - ba su wuce 5% ba.

Ana kula da rikice-rikicen nau'in 2 bisa ga tsari daban-daban. Farfesa ya hada da:

Abinda yake wajibi ne ga yara masu nakasa da cutar siga

Duk yaran da ke da ciwon sukari a farkon lokacin suna da damar da za su sami nakasa, an sanya su a cikin rukuni na yaro mara lafiyar ba tare da rarrabuwa cikin kungiyoyi ba.

An shimfida dalilan nakasassu a cikin Dokar Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Rasha 1024n wacce aka sanya 12/17/15. Wannan na iya zama shekaru 14, ko rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari, tsawonsa na lalata, rashin ingancin maganin da aka wajabta masa. Tare da mellitus mai cuta wanda ba a haɗa shi ba, ana cire nakasa tun yana ɗan shekara 14, tunda an yi imanin cewa daga yanzu yaro yana da ikon iya duba kansa kuma baya buƙatar taimakon iyayensa.

Fa'idodi ga yaro mai nakasassu:

• biyan kuɗi na wata-wata. Girmanta yana lissafin kullun. Yanzu fensho na zamantakewa tare da
• yakai 12.5 dubu rubles;
• biyan kuɗi ga iyayen da ba su aiki da kula da nakasassu - 5.5 dubu rubles;
• biya na yanki, duka guda ne da na wata-wata;
• haɓaka halayen gidaje bisa ga fifiko a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar tsaro ta zamantakewa ga iyalai waɗanda aka yiwa rajista kafin 2005;
• rama kashi 50% na farashin sabis;
• m ba tare da jerin gwano zuwa kindergarten;
• kyauta ta shiga kyauta;
• yuwuwar samun ilimi a gida;
• abincin rana kyauta;
• tsari na musamman na jarrabawa;
• quotas don shigar da wasu jami'o'i.

A matsayin ɓangare na Jerin magunguna masu mahimmanci da mahimmanci, duk masu ciwon sukari suna karɓar magungunan da suke buƙata. Jerin ya hada da kowane nau'in insulin da abubuwan amfani. Dangane da kwarewar iyaye, allura, lancets, sassan gwaji suna bayar da ƙarancin abu, kuma dole ne a saya da kansu. Ga nakasassu, ana samar da ƙarin magunguna.

Sakamakon mai yiwuwa da rikitarwa

Sakamakon ciwon sukari na mellitus a duk faɗin ƙasar yana ƙididdigar endocrinologists kamar yadda ba a gamsu da shi ba, matsakaiciyar ƙwayar haemoglobin a cikin yara shine 9.5%. A cikin manyan biranen, wannan adadi ya fi kyau, kusan kashi 8.5. A cikin ƙauyuka masu nisa, abubuwa sun yi muni saboda rashin kyakkyawar tarbiyyar iyaye, karancin yawan masana ilimin kimiyya, asibitocin da basu da isasshen magunguna, da kuma rashin magunguna na zamani. A zahiri, a cikin irin wannan yanayi, rikicewar ciwon sukari ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.

Yin rigakafin

Yin rigakafin ciwon sukari yanzu yana daya daga cikin matsalolin matsi na magani. Tare da rigakafin cutar nau'in 2, komai yana da sauki, tunda yana haɓaka ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin. Ya isa ya daidaita nauyin yaran, da daidaita abincinsa, daɗa zuwa horo na yau da kullun, kuma haɗarin ciwon sukari zai ragu sosai.

Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, canjin salon rayuwa baya taka rawar gani, kuma har yanzu ba zai yiwu a sassauta tsarin autoimmune da adana ƙwayoyin beta ba, duk da dimbin kuɗaɗen da aka saka cikin binciken. Immunosuppressants, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don jigilar gabobin, na iya rage aiki. An yi haƙuri da amfanin rayuwarsu gabaɗaya, yana hana tsarin rigakafi, kuma idan aka soke, tsarin sarrafa kansa zai ci gaba. Tuni dai akwai magunguna wadanda za su iya shafar abubuwan Sanadin cutar sankarau, ana gwada su. Idan an tabbatar da kaddarorin da amincin sabbin magunguna, ana iya warkewa da nau'in 1 na cutar suga a farkon farawa.

Shawarwarin asibiti don rigakafin kamuwa da cuta (yana da la’akari da cewa dukkan su suna da fa'ida sosai):

1. Kula da sukari akai-akai yayin daukar ciki. Lokaci na fara jiyya a farkon alamar cutar sankaran hanji.
2. Akwai shawarwari da ke nuna cewa amfani da madarar saniya da ƙirar jarirai da ba ta dace da su ba a cikin yaro har zuwa shekara yana ƙara haɗarin ciwon sukari. Shayar da jarirai shine kashi na farko na rigakafin cutar.
3. Dukkanin bayanai iri ɗaya ne dangane da ciyar da abinci tare da hatsi.
4. Alurar rigakafin lokaci don hana cututtuka.
5. Yawan rigakafin bitamin D a cikin yara har zuwa shekara guda. An yi imani cewa wannan bitamin yana rage tashin hankali.
6. Gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun don maganin bitamin D a cikin manyan yara, idan an gano rashi - hanya ce ta magani a allurai.
7. Amfani da immunostimulants (ferons) kawai dangane da alamun. ARVI, har ma akai-akai, ba alama ce don magani ba.
8. Ban da yanayin damuwa. Dogara mai kyau tare da yaranka.
9. Tsarin abinci mai gina jiki. Yesanƙasassun launuka da sauran ƙari. Ciwon sukari wanda yake dogaro da insulin shine ya zama ruwan dare a kasashe masu tasowa, wadanda masana kimiyya suka danganta su da abinci mai tsafta da kuma sarrafa abinci akai-akai.

Muna fatan yaranku suna cikin koshin lafiya, idan kuma akwai matsala, to zaku yi hakuri da karfin gwiwa.