Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce da ake fama da cutar sikila, ta jijiyoyin jiki da na jijiyoyin jiki sakamakon rashin insulin. A nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, karancin insulin cikakke ne, tunda ƙwanƙwasa yana rasa ƙarfin aiki.
Ciwon sukari na 2 wanda ke faruwa akan asalin raunin insulin dangi wanda ya danganta da juriya a jikin wannan kwayar. A cikin nau'in farko na ciwon sukari, gudanar da insulin yana da mahimmanci, ba tare da gudanar da maganin na yau da kullun ba, ketoacidosis na barazanar rayuwa.
Hakanan ana iya kasancewa da yawan insulin, yayin da insulin na wata ƙasa ya daina aiki, da kuma yanayi wanda allunan basa iya rama cutar hawan jini. Kuna iya gudanar da insulin ta hanyar gargajiya - tare da sirinji ko alkalami, na'urar ta zamani ga masu ciwon sukari, ana kiranta fam ɗin insulin.
Ta yaya famfon yake aiki?
Na'urori don masu ciwon sukari, wanda ya haɗa da famfo na insulin, suna cikin karuwar buƙatu. Yawan marasa lafiya yana ƙaruwa, sabili da haka, don magance cutar na buƙatar ingantaccen na'urar don taimakawa sauƙaƙe gudanar da maganin a cikin ainihin adadin.
Na'urar ita ce famfo wacce ke isar da insulin a kan umarni daga tsarin sarrafawa, tana aiki ne kan ka’idar asirin halittar insulin a jikin mutum mai lafiya. A cikin famfo akwai kicin din insulin. Abun kayan maye mai canzawa wanda ya hada da garkuwar jiki don sakawa a karkashin fata da kuma wasu bututu masu haɗi.
Daga hoto zaku iya ƙididdige girman na'urar - yayi daidai da pager. Insulin daga cikin tafki ta hanyar canal ɗin yana wuce ta cannula zuwa cikin nama mai ƙyalli. Hadaddun, ya hada da tafki da catheter don sakawa, ana kiranta tsarin jiko. Wani sashi ne wanda maye yake buƙatar maye gurbin ciwon sukari bayan kwana 3 na amfani.
Don guje wa halayen gida don gudanar da insulin, a lokaci guda kamar canza tsarin don jiko, wurin samar da magunguna yana canzawa. An sanya cannula mafi sau da yawa a cikin ciki, kwatangwalo, ko wani wuri inda aka allura insulin tare da dabarun allura na al'ada.
Fasali na famfo na marasa lafiya masu dauke da cutar sankara:
- Kuna iya tsara yadda ake isar da insulin.
- Ana gudanar da bauta a kananan allurai.
- Ana amfani da nau'in insulin na gajere ko aikin ultrashort.
- Ana ba da ƙarin ƙarin regimen don babban hyperglycemia.
- Isar da insulin ya isa kwanaki da yawa.
Na'urar tana sake yin kwanciyar hankali tare da kowane insulin mai saurin aiki, amma nau'ikan ultrashort suna da fa'ida: Humalog, Apidra ko NovoRapid. Adadin ya dogara da samfurin famfo - daga 0.025 zuwa 0.1 PIECES kowace wadata. Wadannan sigogi na ciwar hormone a cikin jini suna kawo yanayin gudanarwa kusa da keɓancewar jiki.
Tun da rarar insulin insulin da ta baya ta zama ba daidai bane a lokuta daban-daban na rana, na zamani na iya yin la’akari da wannan canjin. Dangane da jadawalin, zaku iya canza sakin insulin a cikin jini kowane minti 30.
Kafin cin abinci, an saita na'urar da hannu. Bolarfin bolus na miyagun ƙwayoyi ya dogara da kayan abinci.
Fa'idodin famfon mai haƙuri
Motsin insulin ba zai iya warkar da ciwon sukari ba, amma amfani da shi yana taimaka wa mai haƙuri yin kwanciyar hankali. Da farko dai, injin din ya rage lokutan tsauraran kaifi a cikin sukarin jini, wanda ya danganta da canje-canje a saurin tsawan matakan aikin.
Shortarancin magungunan gargajiya da ake amfani da su don farfado da na'urar suna da ingantaccen sakamako mai tsinkaye, ɗaukar su cikin jini yana faruwa kusan lokaci-lokaci, kuma kashi yana ƙanƙantar da shi, wanda ke rage haɗarin rikice-rikice na maganin insulin na ciwon suga.
Wani famfo na insulin yana taimakawa wurin tantance ainihin adadin yawan ƙwayoyin abinci (bolus). Wannan yana yin la'akari da hankali na mutum, sauyawa kullun, matattarar ƙwayar carbohydrate, kazalika da glycemia manufa ga kowane haƙuri. Duk waɗannan sigogi suna shiga cikin shirin, wanda ita kanta tana lissafin adadin maganin.
Irin wannan ofa'idar na'urar tana ba ku damar yin la’akari da sukari na jini, da kuma adadin carbohydrates da aka ƙaddara a ci. Zai yuwu ku gudanar da amfani da kashi na bolus ba lokaci guda, amma rarraba cikin lokaci. Wannan dacewar famfo ta insulin a cewar masu ciwon sukari tare da gwaninta fiye da shekaru 20 yana da matukar muhimmanci ga babban idi da kuma amfani da jinkirin carbohydrates.
Cikakkun sakamako na amfani da famfon insulin:
- Smallaramin mataki a cikin gudanarwar insulin (0.1 GUDA BIYU) da kuma babban ingancin adadin maganin.
- Sau 15 kasa fatar jiki.
- Gudanar da sukari na jini tare da canji a cikin ƙaddamar da ƙwayar hormone dangane da sakamakon.
- Rajistar, adana bayanai game da glycemia da kuma maganin da aka sarrafa daga watan 1 zuwa watanni shida, canja wurin su zuwa kwamfuta don bincike.
Alamu da contraindications don shigar da famfo
Don canzawa zuwa aikin insulin ta hanyar famfo, dole ne a horar da mai haƙuri yadda ake saita sigogin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, da kuma sanin sashin insulin na bolus lokacin cin abinci tare da carbohydrates.
Ana iya shigar da famfon don kamuwa da cutar a buƙatun mai haƙuri. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi idan akwai matsaloli a rama cutar, idan matakin glycated haemoglobin a cikin manya ya zarce 7%, kuma a cikin yara - 7.5%, kuma akwai raguwa mai mahimmanci da akai-akai a cikin tattarawar glucose a cikin jini.
Ana nuna maganin injin na famfo tare da saukad da akai a cikin sukari, kuma musamman mummunan hare-hare na dare, tare da abin mamakin "sanyin safiya", yayin haihuwar yaro, lokacin haihuwa, da kuma bayan su. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da na'urar don marasa lafiya da halayen daban-daban ga insulin, ga yara, tare da jinkirin ci gaba da ciwon sukari na autoimmune da nau'ikan monogenic.
Contraindications don shigar da famfo:
- Rashin haƙuri da haƙuri.
- Rashin ƙwarewar sarrafa kai na glycemia da daidaita sashi na insulin dangane da abinci da aikin jiki.
- Cutar rashin hankali.
- Visionarancin gani.
- Rashin yiwuwar kulawar likitanci lokacin horo.
Wajibi ne a la’akari da hadarin da ke tattare da cutar sikila yayin rashin tsawan insulin cikin jini. Idan akwai ƙarancin fasaha na na'urar, to lokacin da aka daina amfani da magani na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ketoacidosis zai haɓaka cikin sa'o'i 4, daga baya kuma cutar sikari.
Yawancin marasa lafiya suna buƙatar na'urar don yin maganin insulin, amma yana da tsada. A wannan halin, hanyar fita daga masu ciwon sukari na iya zama karɓar kyauta daga kudaden da jihar ke rabawa. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar endocrinologist a wurin zama, sami yanke game da buƙatar irin wannan hanyar sarrafa insulin.
Farashin na'urar yana dogara da iyawarsa: girman tanki, yuwuwar sauya rami, la'akari da hankali game da ƙwayar, coseffrate na carbohydrate, matakin manufa na glycemia, ƙararrawa, da juriya na ruwa.
Ga marasa lafiya da ke da hangen nesa, kuna buƙatar kulawa da haske ga allon, kwatankwacinsa da girman rubutu.
Yadda za'a kirkiri allurai don maganin insulin
Lokacin canzawa zuwa famfo, adadin insulin yana raguwa da kusan 20%. A wannan yanayin, kashi basal zai zama rabin adadin magungunan da ake gudanarwa. Da farko, ana yin shi a daidai wannan adadin, sannan mai haƙuri ya auna matakin glycemia yayin rana kuma ya canza kashi, la'akari da alamun da aka samu, ta ƙarancin bai wuce 10% ba.
Misalin yin lissafin kashi: kafin amfani da famfon, mai haƙuri ya karɓi 60 PIECES na insulin kowace rana. Don famfon, kashi 20% ƙananan ne, saboda haka kuna buƙatar raka'a 48. Daga cikin waɗannan, rabin basal shine raka'a 24, sauran kuma an gabatar dasu kafin manyan abinci.
Yawan insulin da dole ne a yi amfani da shi kafin abinci an ƙaddara shi da hannu gwargwadon ka'idodi iri ɗaya waɗanda ana amfani da su don gargajiya na gudanarwa ta sirinji. Ana aiwatar da gyare-gyare na farko a cikin sashe na musamman na maganin famfo, inda mai haƙuri yana ƙarƙashin kulawa na likita koyaushe.
Zaɓuɓɓuka don ƙusar insulin:
- Daidaitawa. Ana gudanar da insulin sau daya. Ana amfani dashi don adadin carbohydrates a cikin abinci da ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki.
- Da murabba'in. An rarraba insulin a hankali a cikin dogon lokaci. An nuna abinci mai girma tare da sunadarai da mai.
- Sau biyu. Da farko, an gabatar da babban kashi, kuma ƙarami ya shimfiɗa a kan lokaci. Abinci tare da wannan hanyar yana da ƙwayar carbohydrate sosai da mai.
- Babban. Lokacin cin abinci tare da babban glycemic index, farkon kashi yana ƙaruwa. Manufar gudanarwa ta yi kama da daidaitaccen tsarin.
Rashin Inganta Insulin
Yawancin rikice-rikice na maganin insulin na asibiti sune saboda gaskiyar cewa na'urar na iya samun matsala mara kyau: shirye-shiryen malluction, crystallization na miyagun ƙwayoyi, cirewar cannula, da gazawar iko. Irin waɗannan kurakuran aikin famfon na iya haifar da cutar ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari ko hypoglycemia, musamman da dare lokacin da babu iko akan tsarin.
Rashin haƙuri a cikin amfani da famfo shine marassa lafiya yayin lura da hanyoyin ruwa, yin wasanni, iyo, yin jima'i, haka kuma yayin bacci. Rashin daidaituwa kuma yana haifar da kasancewar kullun shambura da cannulas a cikin fata na ciki, babban haɗarin kamuwa da cuta a wurin allurar insulin.
Idan har kun sami damar samar da famfon na insulin kyauta, to batun batun zaɓin abubuwan da ake amfani da shi yawanci yana da wahalar warwarewa. Farashin kayan maye wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don hanyar famfo ta sarrafa insulin ya ninninka ya ninka farashin insulin na al'ada ko alkairin sirinji.
Ana aiwatar da haɓakar na'urar ne ci gaba kuma yana haifar da ƙirƙirar sababbin samfurori waɗanda zasu iya kawar da tasirin tasirin ɗan adam gabaɗaya, tunda suna da ikon zaɓi zaɓi na magani daban-daban, wanda ya zama dole don ɗaukar glucose a cikin jini bayan cin abinci.
A halin yanzu, farashin famfo na insulin ba yaɗu saboda matsalolin yin amfani da yau da kullun da kuma tsadar na'urar da kayan sa maye. Samun kwanciyar hankalinsu bai san duk masu haƙuri ba, da yawa sun fi son injections na gargajiya.
A kowane hali, gudanar da insulin ba zai iya kasancewa ba tare da kulawa da kula da masu ciwon sukari na kullum ba, buƙatar bin shawarwarin abinci, motsa jiki don maganin cututtukan ƙwayar cutar sankara da kuma ziyartar mahaukacin.
Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin ya bayyana fa'idodin famulin insulin.
