Magungunan cholesterol: wane matakin ake dauka a sama?

Babban cholesterol na jini yana haifar da ƙirƙirar filayen atherosclerotic a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jiki. A tsawon lokaci, waɗannan nau'ikan suna iya rufe bakin hanji, wanda yawanci yakan ƙare da haɓakar bugun zuciya ko bugun zuciya.

Saboda haka, yakamata kowa yasan menene cholesterol da ake dauka a matsayin al'ada. Eterayyade matakin cholesterol ta amfani da gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje daban-daban.

Don gano sakamakon binciken, dole ne ka fara fahimtar menene cholesterol. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a san raunin barasa mai yawa a cikin jini.

Menene cholesterol kuma me yasa yake tashi

Cholesterol shine giya mai narkewa. Abun yana daga cikin membranes din sel, yana da hannu wajen samar da kwayoyin halittun steroid, yana inganta tsarin sinadarin bile acid da Vitamin D.

Cholesterol yana kasancewa a cikin dukkanin ruwayewar jiki da kyallen takarda a cikin yanayin kyauta ko kuma esters tare da mai mai. Abinda yake samarwa yana faruwa a cikin kowane sel. Aikace-aikacen jigilar kaya a cikin jini suna da ƙanƙan ƙarfi lipoproteins da yawa.

Plasma cholesterol yana ƙunshe da nau'in esters (har zuwa 70%). Formedarshen yana daga cikin sel a sakamakon sakamako na musamman ko kuma a cikin plasma saboda aikin takamaiman enzyme.

Don lafiyar ɗan adam, ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa yana da haɗari. Dalilai na karuwar su a cikin jini na iya canzawa kuma ba a canzawa.

Babban abin da ke haifar da karuwa ga alamomin cholesterol shine salon rayuwa mara kyau, musamman, abincin da bai dace ba (cin abinci na yau da kullun na abincin dabbobi), shan giya, shan sigari, rashin motsa jiki. Hakanan, har ma da mummunan canje-canjen muhalli na iya haɓaka matakin LDL a cikin jini.

Wani dalili na haɓakar hypercholesterolemia yana da kiba, wanda yawancin lokuta ba a haɗuwa da shi ba kawai ta cin zarafin ƙwayar lipid, amma kuma ta hanyar carbohydrate, lokacin da mutum yana da haɓakar taro na jini. Duk wannan yawancin yakan haifar da bayyanar cututtukan type 2.

Wani lamari mai lalacewa wanda ke haifar da karuwa a cikin ƙwayar cholesterol a cikin jini shine tsinkayen gado da shekaru.

A cikin manyan maganganun, hypercholesterolemia dole ne a kula da shi har tsawon rayuwa. A wannan yanayin, mai haƙuri zai buƙaci koyaushe ya bi abinci na musamman kuma ya ɗauki statins.

Don hana haɓakar atherosclerosis, bugun zuciya da bugun jini, yakamata ku kula da wasu alamu da za su iya nuna cewa matakin cholesterol mai haɓaka ne. Manyan alamun cututtukan metabolism:

1. Samuwar ramuwar launin rawaya akan fata kusa da idanu. Sau da yawa, ana ƙirƙirar xanthoma tare da tsinkayar asali.
2. Angina pectoris yana tasowa saboda kumbura da jijiyoyin zuciya.
3. Jin zafi a ƙarshen ƙoshin da ke faruwa yayin aiki na jiki. Wannan alamarin shima sakamakon karancin tasoshin jini ne wanda yake ba da jini ga hannaye da kafafu.
4. Rashin bugun zuciya, haɓaka saboda ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin iskar oxygen.
5. Shanyewar jiki wanda ke faruwa sakamakon fashewar allurai atherosclerotic daga bangon jijiyoyin jiki, wanda ke haifar da haifar da suturar jini.

Sau da yawa, matakan cholesterol ana ɗaukaka su a cikin mutanen da ke fama da wasu cututtuka. Don haka, hypercholesterolemia yawanci yana haɗuwa da ciwon sukari mellitus da sauran cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan hanta, cututtukan hanta, kodan, zuciya.

Irin waɗannan marasa lafiya koyaushe suna cikin haɗari, saboda haka ya kamata su riƙa bincika matakin cholesterol a cikin jini kuma su san yadda ta ke.

Norm na cholesterol

Matsayi cholesterol matakan na iya bambanta dangane da shekaru, jinsi da kuma yanayin gaba ɗaya na jiki. Amma likitoci sun ce iyakar halatta kada ta wuce 5.2 mmol / L. Koyaya, koda koda matakin cholesterol ya kasance 5.0 mmol / L, wannan baya nufin cewa mai haƙuri yana da metabolism na lipid, saboda yawan ƙwayoyin cholesterol baya samar da cikakken bayani.

Abubuwan da ke cikin al'ada na cholesterol a cikin jini a cikin takamaiman rabo sune alamomi daban daban. An aiwatar da niyyarsu ta amfani da nazarin yanayin rawar gani.

Don haka, yawan abubuwanda ke cikin cholesterol a cikin jini na jini sune daga 3.6 zuwa 5.2 mmol / L. Ana gano Hypercholesterolemia idan yawan barasa mai narkewa a cikin jini ya kasance daga 5.2 zuwa 6.7 mmol / L (marasa mahimmanci), 6.7-7.8 mmol / L (matsakaici), fiye da 7.8 mmol / L (nauyi).

Tebur dake nuna jimlar cholesterol guda biyu, ya dogara da shekaru da jinsi:

Abin lura ne cewa ga mutanen da ke fama da atherosclerosis, ciwon sukari mellitus, cututtukan zuciya (ischemic syndrome) da kuma marasa lafiya da suka ɗanɗano bugun jini da bugun zuciya, ƙimar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ya zama ƙasa da 4.5 mmol / L.

Tare da irin waɗannan cututtukan, an wajabta magani na musamman na hypolplera.

Iri gwaje-gwajen cholesterol

Magunguna suna ba da hanyoyi da yawa don ƙayyade adadin cholesterol a cikin jini. Daya daga cikin shahararrun binciken da aka fi sani shine hanyar Ilka.

Principlea'idar bincike tana dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa ana sarrafa ƙwayar cholesterol tare da reke na musamman Lieberman-Burchard. A yayin aiwatar da sinadarin cholesterol ya bushe danshi kuma ya zama sinadarin hydrocarbon wanda bashi da wadatuwa. Yin hulɗa tare da ƙwayar anhydride, yana canza launin kore, ƙarar wanda FEC ta gano.

Binciken ƙididdigar gwargwadon hanyar Ilk shine kamar haka: an zuba Lieberman-Burchard reagent a cikin bututun gwaji. Sannan a hankali a hankali a hankali ba a sanya jini (0.1 ml) a cikin akwati ba.

Ruwan yana girgiza sau 10 kuma an sanya shi cikin matsanancin minti 24. Bayan lokacin da aka raba, ruwan koren kore mai launi ne akan FEK. Ta hanyar ƙonewa, an tantance ƙimar cholesterol a cikin g / l gwargwadon daidaitaccen tsarin.

Wata hanyar sananniyar hanyar gano cuta domin tantance adadin cholesterol shine gwajin jini na kwayoyin. Wannan binciken ya kuma nuna alamun carbohydrate, furotin da metabolism na lipid.

Ana karɓar kwalliya na 3-5 na jini daga jijiya daga mai haƙuri don bincike. Na gaba, an aika da kayan tarihin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike.

Binciken nazarin halittu yana tantance jimlar cholesterol a cikin jini. A matsakaici, mai nuna alama kada ya wuce 5.6 mmol / l.

Sau da yawa, ana kirga matakin cholesterol ta amfani da hanyar Zlatix-Zack. Ana amfani da abubuwa masu zuwa azaman reagents:

• phosphate acid;
• sinadarin ferric;
• acid acetic;
• acid din acid (H2SO4).

An sake hadawa da reagents kuma an ƙara musu jini. A lokacin shan iskar shaka, yakan samo ɗayan ja.

Ana nazarin sakamakon ta amfani da sikelin photometric. Noma na cholesterol gwargwadon hanyar Zlatix-Zack shine 3.2-6.4 mmol / l.

A wasu halaye, dubawa na cholesterol kadai bai isa ba, don haka an wajabta mai haƙuri bayanin martaba na lipid. Wannan cikakken bincike ne game da tasirin cholesterol metabolism a cikin jikin mutum, wanda ke ba ka damar koyo game da yanayin duk bangarorin da kuma kasada game da haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis.

Tsarin lipidogram yana tantance rabo daga alamomin masu zuwa:

1. Jimlar cholesterol.
2. Babban yawan lipoproteins. Ana yin lissafin ne ta hanyar rage jimlar cholesterol na ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin nauyi. Ka'idar HDL a cikin maza kusan 1.68 mmol / l, a cikin mata - 1.42 mmol / l. Game da cutar dyslipidemia, ragi zai zama ƙasa ƙasa.
3. Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa. Yawan mummunan cholesterol an ƙaddara ta hanyar bincika ƙwayar ƙwayar jijiyoyin jini ta amfani da sulfate pyridine. Ka'idar LDL - har zuwa 3.9 mmol / l, idan alamu sun yi yawa - wannan yana nuna ci gaban atherosclerosis.
4. VLDL da triglycerides. Hanyoyin sanannun hanyoyin gano adadin waɗannan abubuwa sun dogara da amsawar ƙwayar enzymatic ta amfani da glycerol, chromotropic acid, acetylacetone. Idan matakin VLDL da triglycerides sun fi 1.82 mmol / l, to akwai yuwuwar cewa mai haƙuri yana da cututtukan zuciya.
5. Kafiri na atherogenic. Darajan yana ƙayyade rabo na HDL zuwa LDL a cikin jini. A yadda aka saba, mai nuna alama ya zama bai wuce uku ba.

An bayyana gwajin jini don cholesterol a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.