Cholesterol, wanda kuma ake kira cholesterol, shine sinadarin cyclic lipophilic (kitse) mai yawa na giya mai nauyi, daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin membrane, muhimmin tsari ne na enzymes na bile acid, hormones, bitamin, da kuma abubuwan gina jiki na jikin mutum.
Mafi yawan sa - har zuwa kashi 80 - ana kera su daga ciki, shine, a cikin jiki, sauran kashi 20 kuma wani bangare ne na abincin da mutane ke ci, kasancewar kayan masarufi ne.
Musayar cholesterol a jikin mutum, bi da bi, ya fara ne da maki biyu - samarwarsa a hanta, kodan, hanji, ko lokacin da aka karba daga waje.
Synthesis biochemistry ya ƙunshi hanyoyi da yawa na hanyoyin waɗanda aka yi bayanin su a takaice:
- Samuwar acetyl-coenzyme-A (anan shine Acetyl-CoA) a cikin aikin metabolism na kitse.
- Maganin mevalonate (mevalonic acid). A wannan matakin, fallasawa ga aiwatar da insulin, abubuwa masu aiki da kwayoyin halitta na glandar thyroid, glucocorticoids mai yiwuwa ne.
- Yarjejeniya, kasancewar squalene. Yanzu mawakallan sunadarai ba ya komawa cikin ruwa kuma sunadarai na musamman suka canza shi.
- Isomerization, da juyawar lanosterol zuwa cholesterol. Wannan shine samfurin ƙarshe na babban komadar fiye da halayen ashirin.
Kusa da sunan "cholesterol" daga lokacin da aka gano ta, akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa, masu gaskiya kuma gaba daya nesa da gaskiya.
Daya daga cikin wadannan kalamai shi ne cewa yana cutarwa sosai ga jikin dan Adam, kuma duk matsalolin da ke tattare da tsarin na zuciya suna da alaƙa da mai da yawa.
Wannan ba haka bane. Dangane da tasirin wannan kwayar akan ingancin rayuwar mutane, ana bukatar kimiya ta musamman, hanyar tsarin hanya. Bari atherosclerosis ya zama annoba a karni na ashirin da daya (an lura dashi shine ɗayan abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa daga cututtukan jijiyoyin jini a cikin kashi tamanin da biyar na lokuta). Kuma babban abin da ya faru da shi lahani ne a musayar cholesterol, lallai ne a sake tunani sosai game da ainihin wannan abun a matsayin wakili na pathogenic, saboda tushen mugunta baya cikin cin sa, amma a wata hanya ta daban.
Jigilar cholesterol da amfanin ta ta jiki
Metabolism din metabolism yana farawa ne bayan da aka sanya shi a cikin jiki.
Bayan kira da narkewa a cikin hanji, ana daukar kwayar cholesterol ta hanyar kwallayen furotin da ake kira chylomicrons. Suna ba da izinin abubuwa masu ruwa-ruwa su motsi ta hanyar jini.
Ana yin jigilar lipids ta hanyar jigilar nau'ikan ƙwayoyin furotin - lipoproteins na azuzuwan daban-daban.
Waɗannan abubuwa suna haɗuwa da cholesterol da kayan haɓakawa don ci gaba da canzawa ta cikin tsarin jijiyoyin jiki zuwa adon mai, ko don haɗin abubuwan kwayar halitta wanda ya zama dole ga jikin mutum.
Sun bambanta da yawa - LDL (ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa), VLDL da HDL (ƙarancin girma da girma sosai, bi da bi).
Duk da yake riƙe daidaito tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan masu ɗaukar jarin, metabolite ba ya cutar da jiki, saboda kowannensu yana yin aikinsa.
LDL yana aika jigilar abubuwa zuwa lysosomes don sharewa ko zuwa endoplasmic reticulum sel, gami da bango na jijiyoyin bugun gini.
HDL yana da alhakin cire abubuwa na ƙarshe na metabolism - triglycerides - a cikin hanta ko kyallen takarda don ci gaba da aiki.
Ofa'idar tsari shine allosteric, watau metabolites gasa suna hana juna haɗin gwiwa yayin da aka cimma matsaya mai mahimmanci.
Haka kuma, babban dalilin duk cututtukan da ke hade da cholesterol an cancanci a matsayin wata cuta a cikin abubuwan jigilar sufuri. Tare da mamayewar LDL, ana ajiye duk kitse a cikin ƙwayar jijiyoyin bugun jini, wanda ke haifar da atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, da sauran cututtuka na tsarin zuciya.
Idan an daidaita ma'auni, to gaba daya abubuwan zazzagewa ne zuwa ga aiwatar da manyan ayyukanta:
- Samuwar bile acid. Suna ɗayan bile kuma ana amfani da su don fitar da ƙoshin abinci na mai, tare da rushewar su.
- A matsayinka na mai kula da dangane da membrane tantanin halitta, yana da damar canza yanayin yankuna masu mamaye abubuwan da ke cikin membranes, wanda ke nufin tasiri kai tsaye a kan cikar kwayar tantanin halitta da tsarin abin da ke ciki da abin da ya rage a waje.
- Cholesterol shine kawai asalin samar da kwayoyin halittun steroid na glandon adrenal da gonads (ee, dukkanin hormones na jima'i ana yin su ne)
- Vitamin D3, ya zama dole don karfin kashi da shan kalshin da ya dace, ana samunsa ne a cikin fata a karkashin aikin hasken ultraviolet daga rana daidai daga cholesterol.
- Kariya daga sel masu jan jini daga haemolysis, rushewa.
Ka'idodi na yau da kullun a cikin gwajin jini na biochemical shima ya dogara da abubuwan da ake samu na lipoproteins na yawancin ire-ire a ciki.
A cewar Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya, alamomi masu zuwa su ne ka'idodin maganin cholesterol:
- janar (ba a haɗa shi ba) - 4.2-7.7;
- LDL - 2.2-5.2;
- HDL - 1-2.3 mmol / L
Determinationayyadaddun yanke shawara na yau da kullun na waɗannan alamun, matakan da suka dace don matakan matakan mahimmanci sune mabuɗin kyakkyawan lafiya.
Yaya mummunan tasirin cholesterol?
Babu shakka, karancin cholesterol kusan yafi cutarwa fiye da wuce haddi. Bayan haka, tare da kulawa da dacewa da jikin ku, abin da ya faru na atherosclerosis ana iya magance shi cikin sauƙi.
Imani daya gama gari game da ha ari da cholesterol ba komai bane illa tatsuniya.
Babban hanyar haɗi a cikin ci gaban atherosclerosis da rikice-rikice sune abubuwan haɗari, maimakon adadin abu da aka yi amfani dashi.
Wadannan abubuwan sun hada da:
- Rashin damuwa na homeostasis na endocrine (nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na ciwon sukari, yawan tashin hankali na hormones na cortical Layer na adrenal gland shine yake da raunin thyroid)
- Shan taba. Binciken bincike na kasa da kasa ya nuna cewa hadarin atherosclerosis a cikin masu shan sigari yana ƙaruwa sau hudu.
- Kiba, yawan wuce gona da iri, abinci mai yawa na carbohydrate - koda kuwa baku cin abinci mai kwalliya ko kadan, amma kuna da nauyin jiki da yawan ci, atherosclerosis zai kai gareshi ko ta yaya. Dingara wannan ga cin zarafin bacci da farkawa, al'adun cin abinci na yau da kullun, abinci mai sauri da rashin aiki tare da yanayin rayuwa, muna da babban haɗarin haɗarin cututtukan jijiyoyin bugun gini.
- Kwayoyin rigakafi. Babban mahimmancin inganci a cikin tsari shine microflora na mazaunin hanji na mutum, wanda ke da tasirin kai tsaye akan tafiyar matakai da keɓancewar kayayyakin lalata tare da fitsari da feces. Yin amfani da maganin rigakafi yana haifar da lalata biocenosis na ciki, lalata flora da mummunar fushi a cikin amfani da cholesterol, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suka sake kasancewa cikin ƙwayar, suna haifar da sakamako mai guba.
Atherosclerosis a gaban waɗannan abubuwan haɗarin yana iya ci gaba a cikin jiki har ma da amfani da samfuran da basu da adadin kuzari a cikin abubuwan da suke haɗuwa.
Dangane da bincike, masu cin ganyayyaki, waɗanda suke da bambancin digiri na nasara na iya maye gurbin sunadaran dabbobi da na kayan lambu, suna fama da rashin ƙoshin dabbobi.
Rashin daidaituwar membranes cell yana haifar da cytolysis na hepatocytes da hemolysis na sel jini.
Fiburorin jijiya sunfi rabin rabin hadawar myelin, abu mai kitse a cikin samuwar cholesterol shima zai dauki bangare. Sabili da haka, matsaloli tare da tsarin juyayi, watsa watsawa da watsa shirye-shiryen motsa jiki da kuma keɓancewar ciki na cikin tsarin kwakwalwa yana yiwuwa.
Rashin isasshen abubuwan hormones yana haifar da rarrabuwar cututtukan homeostasis, saboda ƙaddamar da ƙwanƙwasawa, albeit jinkirin, yana aiki a zahiri akan jiki duka.
Yaya za a hana ci gaban cututtukan zuciya?
Babban tushen kitse shine abinci. Babban abincinta yana cikin kwakwalwar dabbobi da kodan, qwai, caviar, man shanu, nama mai kitse.
Tabbas, yana da daraja rationing don amfani da kowane abinci mai kalori mai yawa, amma atherosclerosis shima yana faruwa a cikin mutanen da ke da cholesterol na al'ada. Don kauce wa hakan kuma, in ya yiwu, daidaita tsarin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, ya wajaba a yi la’akari da abubuwan da ke tattare da hadarin da ke sama kuma su yi tasiri cikin hanyoyin da ake da su.
Tasiri a jiki yana bada shawarar farawa tare da karuwa a cikin aikin jiki da kuma daidaita tsarin abincin. Wannan hanyar na iya zama da wahala, amma da sannu jiki zai saba da sabon yanayin abinci, yana haɓaka metabolism kuma zai kasance mafi wahala ga filayen atherosclerotic.
Kyakkyawan zaɓi don tasirin jiki akan jiki shine haɗuwa da tafiya a cikin sabon iska.
Nutritionarancin abinci mai gina jiki shima yana taimakawa hanzarta tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, saboda haka ya cancanci cin ƙasa, amma a mafi yawan lokuta. Wataƙila ba za ku iya rage cin abincinku kamar yadda kuka saba ba. A wasu halaye, daidaituwar abinci yakan taimaka.
Kuna buƙatar dafa shi a cikin sabuwar hanya, bai kamata kuyi amfani da man sunflower ba sau da yawa a jere, ya kamata ku cinye ƙarancin transgenic mai, man dabino a matsayin ɓangare na kirim mai kwalliya (ya fi kyau kuyi rayuwa mai daɗi tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa, cakulan da zuma), ba a ba da shawarar margarine.
Smallan ƙaramin giya na prophylactic daidai yana wanke zubar jini, saboda ethanol abu ne na rayuwa. A saboda wannan dalili, zaku iya amfani da ruwan giya mai haske a cikin adadi kaɗan a abincin dare.
Shan taba shine ainihin tushen zuciya da cutar bugun jini. Mai shan sigari dole ne ya zama mai lura da haɗarin haɗarin da ke tattare da jaraba.
Don daidaita matakan tafiyar matakai a jikin mutum, ana bada shawara yin shawara tare da dangi ko halartar likita.
Idan kuna buƙatar rage matakin mai, likitoci zasu iya ba da tsari mai dacewa game da magunguna kuma za su lura da matsayin lafiya.
Yadda za'a iya daidaita metabolism na lipid a cikin bidiyon a wannan labarin.
