Jurewar insulin shine amsawar kwayoyin halittun da kyallen jikin mutum yake aiwatarwa don aiwatar da insulin. Ba shi da mahimmanci inda insulin ya fito, daga farji (endogenous) ko daga injections (exogenous).
Jurewar insulin yana ƙaruwa da alama ba kawai nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 kawai ba, har ma da atherosclerosis, bugun zuciya, da mutuwa ta kwatsam sakamakon jirgin ruwa mai ruɗu.
Ayyukan insulin shine tsara tsarin metabolism (ba kawai carbohydrates ba, har ma da kitse da sunadarai), da kuma hanyoyin tafiyar da mitogenic - wannan shine haɓaka, haifuwa daga sel, kwayar halittar DNA, ƙirar ƙirar.
Ra'ayin yau da kullun na jurewar insulin ba'a iyakance shi ga rikicewar metabolism da haɗarin haɗari na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ba. Hakanan ya haɗa da canje-canje a cikin metabolism na kitse, sunadarai, bayanin asalin. Musamman, juriya na insulin yana haifar da matsaloli tare da ƙwayoyin endothelial, waɗanda ke rufe ganuwar tasoshin jini daga ciki. Saboda wannan, toshewar tasoshin, da kuma atherosclerosis na ci gaba.
Bayyanar cututtuka na juriya da ganewar asali
Ana iya zargin ku da ciwon jure insulin idan bayyanar cututtuka da / ko gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa kuna da ciwo na rayuwa. Ya hada da:
- kiba a kugu (na ciki);
- hauhawar jini (hawan jini);
- gwajin jini mara kyau na cholesterol da triglycerides;
- gano furotin a cikin fitsari.
Yawan kiba a ciki shine babban alama. A wuri na biyu shine hauhawar jini mai yawan jini (hawan jini). Kadan sau da yawa, mutum bai sami kiba da hauhawar jini ba, amma gwajin jini na cholesterol da ƙera sun riga sun yi muni.
Gano juriya ta insulin amfani da gwaje-gwaje matsala ce. Domin tarowar insulin a cikin jini na jini na iya bambanta sosai, kuma wannan al'ada ce. Lokacin da ake nazarin insulin plasma na azumi, ka'idodin ya kasance daga 3 zuwa 28 mcU / ml. Idan insulin ya fi al'ada a jinin azumi, yana nufin cewa mara lafiyar yana da maganin haɓaka.
Increasedarin yawan insulin a cikin jini yana faruwa ne yayin da farji ya samar da ƙari daga ciki don rama ƙarfin juriya na insulin a cikin kyallen. Wannan sakamakon bincike yana nuna cewa mai haƙuri yana da babban haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan type 2 da / ko cutar zuciya.
Ainihin hanyar dakin tantance juriya ana kiranta hyperinsulinemic insulin matsa. Ya ƙunshi ci gaba da shigarwar cikin aiki na insulin da glucose na tsawon awanni 4-6. Wannan hanya ce mai aiki, saboda haka ba a amfani da ita a aikace. Ya iyakance ga matakan jini na jini na jini
Nazarin ya nuna cewa ana samun juriya na insulin:
- 10% na duk mutane ba tare da rikicewar metabolism ba;
- a cikin 58% na marasa lafiya da hauhawar jini (hawan jini sama da 160/95 mm RT. Art.);
- a cikin 63% na mutanen da ke fama da hyperuricemia (serum uric acid sun fi 416 mmol / l a cikin maza kuma sama da 387 mmol / l a cikin mata);
- a cikin 84% na mutanen da ke da jini mai yawa (triglycerides mafi girma daga 2.85 mmol / l);
- 88% na mutanen da ke da ƙananan matakan “mai kyau” cholesterol (a ƙasa 0.9 mmol / L a cikin maza da ƙasa da 1.0 mmol / L a cikin mata);
- a cikin 84% na marasa lafiya da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2;
- Kashi 66% na mutanen da ke fama da rashin kyawun yanayin glucose.
Lokacin da kuka yi gwajin jini a kan cholesterol - kada ku duba yawan cholesterol, amma daban “mara kyau” da “mara kyau”.
Yadda insulin ke sarrafa metabolism
A yadda aka saba, kwayar insulin ta daure wa mai karbar ta ta fuskar sel a tsoka, mai, ko hanta hanta. Bayan wannan, sarrafa kansa na insulin mai karɓar insulin tare da haɗarin tyrosine kinase da haɗin da ya biyo baya tare da canza mai karɓa na insulin 1 ko 2 (IRS-1 da 2).
Kwayoyin IRS, bi da bi, suna kunna phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, wanda ke motsa motsin GLUT-4. Mai ɗaukar glucose ne a cikin tantanin ta cikin membrane. Irin wannan kayan aikin yana samar da kunnawa na aikin metabolism (jigilar glucose, glycogen synthesis) da kuma tasirin mitogenic (kwayar halittar DNA) ta insulin.
Insulin ta motsa:
- Garfafawar glucose ta ƙwayoyin tsoka, hanta da ƙwayoyin adipose;
- Kira na glycogen a cikin hanta (ajiyar “glucose din” cikin sauri ”a ajiye);
- Kama amino acid ta hanyar sel;
- Kwayar halittar DNA;
- Tsarin furotin;
- Hadaddiyar acid mai kitse;
- Kai jigilar kai Ion
Insulin ya rage:
- Lipolysis (lalacewar tso adi nama tare da shigar da mai acid a cikin jini);
- Gluconeogenesis (canji na glycogen a cikin hanta da glucose cikin jini);
- Apoptosis (lalata kansa daga sel).
Lura cewa insulin yana toshe faduwar tsohuwar nama. Abin da ya sa, idan matakin insulin a cikin jini ya haɓaka (hyperinsulinism wani lamari ne da yake faruwa tare da jure insulin), to rasa nauyi yana da matukar wahala, kusan ba zai yiwu ba.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da juriya na insulin
Jurewar insulin shine matsalar babban adadin mutane duka. An yi imani da cewa shi ya haifar da kwayoyin halitta wanda ya zama babba lokacin juyin halitta. A shekarar 1962, aka gano cewa tsarin rayuwa ne lokacin da ake fama da yunwar. Domin yana inganta yawan kitse a jiki a lokacin wadataccen abinci.
Masana kimiyya sun fara fama da beraye na dogon lokaci. Waɗanda suka fi tsayi rayuwa su ne waɗanda aka gano suna da matsin lambar insulin ta jabu. Abin takaici, a cikin yanayin zamani, wannan hanyar ta “aiki” don haɓaka kiba, hauhawar jini, da ciwon sukari na 2.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa marasa lafiya da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suna da lahani na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin watsawar siginar bayan haɗin insulin tare da mai karɓar su. Wannan ana kiran shi lahani postreceptor. Da farko dai, ana canza fasarar mai jigilar glucose GLUT-4.
A cikin marassa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 2, an gano cewa gurbataccen bayanin wasu kwayoyin halittar da ke samar da metabolism na glucose da lipids (fats). Waɗannan nau'ikan halittar jini ne na glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase, lipoprotein lipase, fat acid acid da sauransu.
Idan mutum yana da tsinkayar halittar jini ga kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2, to, ana iya gane shi ko kuma ba zai haifar da cututtukan metabolism da ciwon suga ba. Ya dogara da salon rayuwa. Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari shine abinci mai narkewa, musamman yawan amfani da carbohydrates mai ladabi (sukari da gari), da ƙananan aikin jiki.
Mene ne hankali ga insulin a cikin nau'ikan jikin jiki
Don lura da cututtuka, ƙwayar insulin na ƙwayar tsoka da ƙwayar adipose, gami da ƙwayoyin hanta, suna da mahimmancin gaske. Amma shin matsayin jurewar insulin na wadannan sel din daya ne? A shekara ta 1999, gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa a'a.
A yadda aka saba, don kashe 50% na lipolysis (fashewar kitse) a cikin nama na adipose, taro na insulin a cikin jini bai wuce 10 mcED / ml ya isa ba. Domin kashi 50% na sakin glucose a cikin jini ta hanta, kimanin 30 mcED / ml na insulin a cikin jini an riga an buƙata. Kuma don haɓaka tasirin glucose ta ƙwayar tsoka da kashi 50%, ana buƙatar yawan insulin jini na 100 mcED / ml kuma mafi girma ana buƙatar.
Muna tunatar da ku cewa lipolysis shine rushewar tsoka nama. Ayyukan insulin yana hana shi, kamar yadda kuma yake samar da glucose ta hanta. Kuma yawan ƙwayar glucose na tsoka ta hanyar insulin, akasin haka, yana ƙaruwa. Lura cewa a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus, abubuwan da aka nuna na yawan maida hankali na insulin a cikin jini an canza su zuwa dama, i.e., zuwa karuwa a cikin juriya na insulin. Wannan tsari yana farawa tun kafin ciwon sukari ya nuna kanta.
Halin ƙirar jikin mutum zuwa insulin yana raguwa saboda yanayin tsinkaye, kuma mafi mahimmanci - saboda yanayin rayuwa mara kyau. A ƙarshe, bayan shekaru da yawa, ƙwayar cutar ta daina yin fama da matsananciyar damuwa. Sannan suna bincikar cutar sukari “real” type 2. Yana da fa'idodi sosai ga mai haƙuri idan an fara kula da cututtukan metabolism da wuri-wuri.
Menene bambanci tsakanin juriya na insulin da cututtukan metabolism
Ya kamata ku sani cewa ana samun juriya ta insulin a cikin mutanen da ke da wasu matsalolin rashin lafiya waɗanda ba a haɗa su da ma'anar “metabolic syndrome”. Wannan shi ne:
- polycystic ovary a cikin mata;
- rashin cin nasara na koda
- cututtuka;
- glucocorticoid far.
Jurewar insulin wani lokaci yakan zama ne yayin daukar ciki, kuma yakan wuce bayan haihuwa. Hakanan yakan tashi tare da tsufa. Kuma ya dogara da salon rayuwar da tsofaffi ke jagoranta, shin zai haifar da ciwon sukari na 2 da / ko matsalolin zuciya. A cikin labarin "Ciwon sukari a cikin tsofaffi" zaku sami bayanai masu amfani da yawa.
Sanadin ciwon sukari na 2
A cikin nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari na mellitus, juriya na insulin ƙwayoyin tsoka, hanta da ƙwayar adipose suna da mahimmancin asibiti. Sakamakon asarar hankali zuwa insulin, karancin glucose yana shiga kuma yana “ƙonewa” a cikin ƙwayoyin tsoka. A cikin hanta, saboda wannan dalili, bazuwar glycogen zuwa glucose (glycogenolysis) ana aiki, kazalika da haɗin glucose daga amino acid da sauran "albarkatun ƙasa" (gluconeogenesis).
Maganin jurewar insulin na adipose nama yana bayyana ne a gaskiyar cewa tasirin maganin insulin yana rage rauni. Da farko, ana kashe wannan ne ta hanyar samar da insulin daga cikin jiki. A cikin matakai na gaba na cutar, mafi yawan kitse ya karye cikin glycerin da mai mai kyauta. Amma a wannan lokacin, rasa nauyi ba wani farin ciki bane.
Glycerin da kitse mai mai kyauta suna shiga hanta, Inda ake samun wadataccen lipoproteins mai yawa daga garesu. Waɗannan ƙananan barbashi ne masu haɗari waɗanda aka ajiye akan bangon jijiyoyin jini, da kuma atherosclerosis na ci gaba. Yawan adadin glucose, wanda ya bayyana sakamakon glycogenolysis da gluconeogenesis, shima ya shiga cikin jini daga hanta.
Bayyanar cututtuka na cututtukan metabolism a cikin mutane sun daɗe kafin haɓakar ciwon sukari. Saboda juriyawar insulin a tsawon shekaru ya zama ta hanyar wucewar sinadarin beta-sel da ke haifar da insulin. A cikin wannan halin, akwai haɓakar insulin a cikin jini - hyperinsulinemia.
Hyperinsulinemia tare da daidaitaccen matakin glucose na jini alama ce ta jure insulin da kuma haɗarin ci gaba da ciwon sukari na 2. A tsawon lokaci, ƙwayoyin beta na pancreas sun daina jure nauyin, wanda ya fi sau da yawa sama da na al'ada. Suna yin ƙasa da ƙasa da insulin, mai haƙuri yana da sukari jini da ciwon sukari.
Da farko dai, kashi na 1 na asirin insulin ya baci, i.e., saurin sakin insulin a cikin jini domin amsa kayan abinci. Kuma basal (asalin) asirin insulin ya wuce kima. Lokacin da matakin sukari na jini ya tashi, wannan yana ƙara haɓaka jarin insulin nama kuma yana hana aikin beta-sel cikin ɓoye insulin. Wannan hanyar don inganta ciwon sukari ana kiranta "gubar glucose."
Hadarin zuciya
An san cewa a cikin marasa lafiya da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, mutuwar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini yana ƙaruwa sau 3-4, idan aka kwatanta da mutane ba tare da rikicewar metabolism ba. Yanzu mutane da yawa masana kimiyya da masu aikin kwantar da hankali sun yarda cewa juriya na insulin kuma, tare da shi, hyperinsulinemia babban haɗari ne na haɗarin bugun zuciya da bugun jini. Haka kuma, wannan haɗarin baya dogaro ko mara lafiyar ya kamu da ciwon sukari ko a'a.
Tun daga 1980s, bincike ya nuna cewa insulin yana da tasirin atherogenic kai tsaye akan bangon jijiyoyin jini. Wannan yana nufin cewa allunan atherosclerotic da kuma takaitaccen ƙwayar sel na gudana a ƙarƙashin aikin insulin a cikin jinin da ke gudana daga cikinsu.
Insulin yana haifar da yaduwa da ƙaura daga ƙwayoyin tsoka mai santsi, ƙirar lipids a cikinsu, yaduwar ƙwayoyin fibroblasts, kunna tsarin coagulation na jini, da raguwa a cikin aikin fibrinolysis. Don haka, hyperinsulinemia (haɓaka taro na insulin a cikin jini saboda juriya na insulin) babban mahimmanci ne na haɓakar atherosclerosis. Wannan na faruwa tun kafin bayyanar nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin haƙuri.
Nazarin ya nuna bayyananniyar alaƙar kai tsaye tsakanin insulin wuce haddi da abubuwan haɗari ga cututtukan zuciya. Insulin juriya yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa:
- ƙurar kiba na ciki;
- bayanin kwayar cutar cholesterol tana kara tabarbarewa, da kuma wasu sifofi daga “mummunan” cholesterol a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini;
- da yiwuwar ƙwanƙwasa jini a cikin tasoshin yana ƙaruwa;
- bango na carotid artery ya zama yayi kauri (lumen turancin jijiya).
Wannan ingantacciyar dangantakar an tabbatar da duka a cikin marasa lafiya masu fama da ciwon sukari na 2 da kuma cikin mutane ban da shi.
Insulin juriya magani
Hanya mai kyau don magance juriya na insulin a farkon matakan nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, har ma mafi kyau kafin ya bunkasa, shine amfani da abincin da ke ƙuntata carbohydrates a cikin abincin ku. Don zama daidai, wannan ba hanya ce ta magani ba, kawai sarrafawa, dawo da ma'auni idan yanayin damuwa. Dietarancin carbohydrate mai narkewa tare da juriya na insulin - dole ne a bi shi don rayuwa.
Bayan kwanaki 3-4 na canzawa zuwa sabon abinci, yawancin mutane suna lura da haɓakawa da lafiyar su. Bayan makonni 6-8, gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa “mai kyau” cholesterol a cikin jini ya hau kuma “mara kyau” ɗaya ya faɗi. Matakan triglycerides a cikin jini ya ragu zuwa al'ada. Haka kuma, wannan yana faruwa bayan kwanaki 3-4, kuma gwajin cholesterol yana inganta daga baya. Don haka, ana rage haɗarin atherosclerosis sau da yawa.
A halin yanzu babu ainihin magani don juriya na insulin. Kwararru a fannin ilimin halittu da ilimin halitta suna aiki akan haka. Kuna iya sarrafa wannan matsalar da kyau ta hanyar rage cin abinci mai ƙirar carbohydrate. Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar dakatar da cin abincin carbohydrates mai ladabi, watau sukari, Sweets da farin kayayyakin gari.
Maganin Metforminum (siofor, glucophage) yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. Yi amfani da shi ban da abincin, kuma ba a maimakon shi ba, kuma yi shawara tare da likitanka da farko game da shan kwayoyin. Kowace rana muna bin labarai a cikin maganin juriya na insulin. Halittar zamani da ilimin halittar jiki suna yin mu'ujizai na gaske. Kuma akwai fata cewa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa za su iya kawo karshen wannan matsalar. Shin kuna son sanin farko - biyan kuɗi don Newsletter ɗinmu, kyauta ne.
- Ingantaccen tsarin kulawa don ciwon sukari na 2;
- Insulin da carbohydrates: gaskiya ya kamata ku sani;
- Tenarfin namiji ga cutar sankara shine hanya mai inganci don inganta shi.
