Ciwon sukari mellitus shine ilimin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata, wanda ke nuna halin rashin ƙarfi na jiki don aiwatar da ayyukanta a cikin aikin metabolism metabolism. Cutar tana tattare da babban alamomi na yawan glucose a cikin jini, da kuma isasshen samar da insulin (tare da cutar ta 1) ko asarar jijiyoyin sel da kyallen takarda zuwa ga hormone (tare da nau'in 2).
Ilimin halin dan Adam na iya kasancewa tare da wasu manyan matsaloli masu rauni da kuma na kullum. Hyma na hyperglycemic coma shine ɗayan zaɓuɓɓuka don babban aiki mai buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa da asibiti. An yi la'akari da alamun cututtukan hyperglycemic coma da manyan abubuwan bayyanarsa a cikin labarin.
Iri yanayin pathological
Alamar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta sun dogara da irin nau'in rikitarwar mai ciwon sukari ya taso:
- ƙwayar cuta na hyperosmolar;
- ketoacidosis;
- lactic acidosis coma.
Ketoacidosis halayyar cuta ne na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na mellitus. Its pathogenesis dogara ne a kan samuwar ketone jikin (a cikin mutane na kowa - acetone) a cikin jini da fitsari tare da daidaici a cikin yawan alamomin na electrolytes.
Kwayar cutar Hyperosmolar ta bayyana tare da nau'in 2 "cutar mai dadi". Ana nuna shi ta hanyar rashin acetone, amma yana tare da matsanancin bushewa da manyan matakan glucose (na iya kaiwa 40-55 mmol / l).
Kulawa da kansa na sukari na jini tare da glucometer - bambantawa da mahimmancin hyperglycemia a gida
Siffofin lactic acidosis coma shine cewa a cikin jini matakin lactic acid yakan tashi sosai (alamu na iya ƙaruwa sau 2-7). Matsayi na glycemia ya fi na al'ada kyau, amma ba mahimmanci kamar yadda a farkon shari'ar farko.
Ketoacidosis
Akwai lokuta biyu a cikin haɓakar kowane nau'in cutar mahaifa: precoma da coma. Haɓaka yanayin cuta ba ya faruwa a cikin 'yan sa'o'i, amma yana da farawa a hankali. Marasa lafiya sun fara gunaguni game da alamun da ke gaba:
- yawan ƙishirwa;
- itching na fata;
- urin yawan urination (sau 2-3 fiye da mutum mai lafiya);
- bushewa na bakin mucosa;
- cephalgia.
Tare da haɓaka matakan acetone, tashin zuciya da tsananin tashin hankali suna bayyana waɗanda ba su kawo sauƙi ga mai haƙuri. Akwai jin zafi da aka zubar a cikin ciki, wanda bashi da ingantaccen fassarar wuri. A lokacin lambobi masu mahimmanci na alamun jikin ketone, hankalin mai haƙuri ya rikice, numfashin nau'in Kussmaul yana fitowa (jin iska da amo, hayaniya, zurfi), ana jin takamaiman warin acetone daga bakin.
Idan babu cikakken isasshen taimako, mitar da tsananin yawan amai yana ƙaruwa da alama, fatar jiki ta bushe, bawo yana bayyana.
Ara kuma, mayanuwa na tasowa, alamun akwai kamar haka:
- mutumin yana cikin yanayin rashin sani;
- warin acetone mai ƙarfi a cikin iska mai nutsuwa;
- An maye gurbin polyuria ta cikakken rashin fitsari;
- zafin jiki yana sauka zuwa 35 ° C;
- sautin girarsa yana ragu sosai;
- babu wani dauki ga motsawar waje;
- bugun jini yayi daidai, hawan jini yana raguwa sosai.
Alamun ketoacidosis a cikin yara
Zamanin da yakamata a cikin jarirai yana bayyanuwa ta hanyar nutsuwa har zuwa cigaban wawanci (rashin amsawa ga ƙanshin sauti na waje tare da ayyukan taƙwalwar ajiya). Raunin ciwo yana kama da asibiti na "matsanancin ciki" tare da tsananin tashin hankali na bangon ciki na ciki.
Precoma a cikin yaro - yanayin da ke buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi
Fatar ta zama launin toka, abin da ake kira mai ciwon suga da ke fitowa a fuska. Yana haɓaka lokacin da ƙimar glucose ta haɗu da 15 mmol / l. Cutar ciki gaba daya yayi kama da hoton asibiti a cikin manya.
Hyperosmolar jihar
Hyma na jini na wannan nau'in na iya haɓaka daga aan kwanaki zuwa makonni 2-3. Halin hyperosmolar shine sau 5-8 maras kyau fiye da Pathology tare da haɓakar ketoacidosis. Bayyanar cututtukan precoma iri daya ne:
Tasirin Dawn na Cutar Rana- rage nauyi na mai haƙuri;
- pathological ƙishirwa;
- bushewa da itching na fata;
- mai fitowar fitsari;
- rage aiki, rauni mai ƙarfi;
- Babu warin acetone a cikin iska mai ƙonewa.
A layi daya, alamun rashin ruwa yana tasowa:
- siffofin fuska suna kaifi;
- rushewar fata da sautin fata sun ragu;
- hypotension, tachycardia;
- sautin yawan gira.
Bayyanar cututtuka na rikicewar jijiya ta bayyana daga baya: sassaucin raɗaɗin jijiyoyin cuta sun faru ko na ilimin halayyar jijiyoyin jiki, raunin tsoka, tashin hankali, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ayyuka masu hankali. Idan babu taimakon likitanci, yanayin yaudarar kai da kwaro ne.
Hyperosmolar coma a cikin yara
Yana haɓaka hankali fiye da ketoacidosis. Yana haɗuwa da matakan sukari mai yawa na jini - a ƙarƙashin 50 mmol / l. An yi sa'a, wannan yanayin yana da wuya sosai ga yara.
Precoma yana da sifofi masu zuwa, ban da takamaiman fasali:
- karuwa cikin zafin jiki;
- nystagmus - motsi na daga cikin gira;
- alamun.
Bayyanar alamun bayyanar cuta wata ƙarin alama ce ta nuna rashin ƙarfi ga yara
Tare da yanayin hyperosmolar a cikin jarirai, alamun meningeal masu zuwa suna bayyana:
- Stiff wuya.
- Alamar cutar - bayan likita ya lanƙwasa ƙafar yaron a cikin haɗin gwiwa a kan dama, jaririn ba zai iya mayar da shi da asalin matsayinsa ba.
- Cutar alamar ankylosing spondylitis - likita yana yin motsin bugun jini a cikin yankin zygomatic. Wannan yana haifar da matsanancin ciwon kai, yaro ya amsa tare da gurbata damuwa, kururuwa, kuka.
- Alamar babba ta Brudzinsky - jaririn yana kwance a kwance a kwance a kwance, yana da nutsuwa. Kwararrun kwata-kwata ya jagoranci kai jaririn zuwa kirji. Tare da kyakkyawar alamar yayin wannan lokacin, ƙafafun haƙuri sun tanƙwara ta atomatik.
- Alamar Fanconi - ɗan yana kwance a bayansa. An riƙe ƙafafunsa a cikin gwiwoyi kuma ya nemi ya haɓaka tsoka na sama. Alamar tabbatacciya tana tare da rashin iya biyan bukatar.
Lactic acidosis coma
Wannan nau'in yanayin hyperglycemic yana bayyanar da bayyanar raunin ƙwayar tsoka wanda ya haifar da yawan adadin lactic acid a cikin jiki, raguwa a cikin karfin jini, jin zafi a bayan ƙashin baya, rauni da aiki mara kyau yayin precoma.
Ciwan tsoka wata alama ce ta manyan matakan lactic acid a jikin mutum.
Daga baya rashin tausayi ya bayyana, alamun bayyanuwa, tare da rashin sanin mai haƙuri. Idan rashin zuciya ko raunin cibiyar numfashi ya taso, mutuwa na faruwa.
Game da lactic acidosis a cikin yaro, yanayin precoatous na iya bayyana azaman wawa ko wawa. Kwayar cutar cututtukan tana kama da waɗanda ke bin rayayyen ilimin manya, amma a cikin jarirai sun fi bayyanuwa. Matsakaicin lokacin canji a cikin coma an rage shi da rabi.
Fahimtar alamun da bayyanar rikice rikicen rikice rikice zai hanzarta rarrabe yanayin, bayar da taimakon farko, ta haka ne ke kiyaye rayuwa da lafiya ga juna da sauran jama'a.
