Atherosclerosis a zamaninmu yana shafar mutane masu yawa. Ta yanayinsa, atherosclerosis cuta ce ta kullum, abin da ya faru wanda zai tsokani abubuwa da yawa.
Yayin aiwatar da tsarin cututtukan, ana sanya filayen atherosclerotic a cikin tasoshin, wanda, tsawon lokaci, yakar da bakin lumen su da yawa kuma yana haifar da rikicewar jijiyoyin jini da yawa a cikin gabobin dake dacewa da tsarin gabobin.
Yana da mahimmanci kowane mutum ya sami damar sanin alamun farko na cutar, musamman ma matakin farko na atherosclerosis yayi.
Yana da sauƙin laushi, an soke shi a asibiti, sabili da haka ana yawan gano cutar a cikin matakan na gaba.
Menene dalilin cutar?
Atherosclerosis na iya faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwan etiological da yawa. Abinda ya fi faruwa shine haɗakar abubuwa da yawa tare.
Dangane da bayanin likita na zamani, akwai nau'ikan abubuwan haɗari guda uku waɗanda ke taimakawa ci gaban cutar. Rukuni na farko sune abubuwanda ake kira abubuwanda ba za'a iya juyawa ba, na biyu bangare ne (mai yuwuwar) ana iya juyawa, na ukun kuwa abubuwa ne da ake iya juyawa.
Rukunin farko na abubuwanda suka shafi aikin atherosclerosis sun haɗa da:
- Tsarin kwayoyin halitta.
- Shekarun mutum.
- Hadin kan Jima'i.
- Kasancewar munanan halaye.
- Kasancewar a kullum hawan jini yake
Rukuni na biyu na abubuwan sun hada da:
- da yawa na cholesterol, lipids da triglycerides;
- ciwon sukari mellitus da hyperglycemia;
- ƙananan matakan babban lipoproteins mai yawa;
- kasancewar cutar sikari.
Thirdungiya ta uku sun haɗa da salon rayuwa mai nutsuwa, damuwa mai raɗaɗi, kasancewar halaye marasa kyau.
Halin abubuwan da ba za'a iya musanyawa ba suna ba da gudummawa ga atherosclerosis
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta - rashin alheri, matsaloli da yawa da ke da alaƙa da ƙwayar cuta mai narkewa (kitse) ana gado su kuma wasu lahani ne cikin ƙwayoyin kwayoyi. Kuma tun da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mai yawa a cikin jiki shine ɗayan abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar atherosclerosis, to magadan a cikin wannan yanayin shine ɗayan farkon wurare.
Shekarun mutum - mutanen da suka kai shekaru 40 zuwa sama sun fi saurin kamuwa da cutar. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, sake fasalin aikin hormonal mai aiki yana farawa, tsarin jijiyoyin jikinsu yana rasa ƙarfi da haɓaka, matsaloli tare da matsa lamba da haɓaka metabolism yawanci;
Namiji na maza - maza suna wahala daga atherosclerosis kusan sau hudu fiye da yadda mata suke, kuma shekaru 10 da suka gabata.
Tsawo da shan taba sigari - nicotine wata guba ce wacce a hankali take shafar jikin mutum, wanda hakan ke lalata ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki da jijiyoyin jini. Kusan duk masu shan sigari suna wahala daga mashako na kullum. Amma game da tasoshin, ƙarƙashin tasirin nicotine sun zama mafi rauni kuma mai lalacewa, saboda abin da cholesterol ya ratsa jikin bango na jijiyoyin jiki kuma ana ajiye shi a cikin manyan filaye.
Haɓakar hauhawar jini shine yawan haɓakar jini, sau da yawa ba tare da cikakken dalili ba. A wannan yanayin, tasoshin kusan suna ƙarƙashin spasm. Tsawancin spasm koyaushe yana cutar da ƙwayar tsoka na jijiya, kuma wannan yana haifar da halakar wani ɓangare na myocytes (ƙwayoyin tsoka mai santsi).
Esswayoyin sun zama ba su iya amsawa da sauri don abubuwan motsa jiki, kuma ƙwayoyin tsoka suna iya samun sauƙin shiga cikin membrane kuma, kamar yadda aka zata, samar da filayen wasa.
Halaye na abubuwanda ake iya juyawa
Amountsara yawan ƙwayar cholesterol, lipids da triglycerides - hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia da hypertriglyceridemia. Musamman mahimmanci shine ƙara haɓaka ƙananan ƙwayoyin lipoprotein cholesterol, wanda, a zahiri, shine atherogenic.
Ciwon sukari mellitus da hyperglycemia (hawan jini) - duk masu ciwon sukari suna haɓaka wasu matsaloli nan bada jimawa ba. Waɗannan su ne cututtukan fata na ciwon sukari (lalacewa na baya), neuropathy (lalacewar jijiya), nephropathy (lalacewar koda) da angiopathy (lalacewar jijiyoyin jini). Akwai microangiopathy - lalacewar ƙananan tasoshin ruwa, da macroangiopathy - lokacin da manyan jiragen ruwa ke wahala. Duk wannan ya faru ne sakamakon tasirin mai yawa na sukari akan tasoshin jini, wanda shine dalilinda yasa a hankali suke lalacewa.
Levelarancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins mai yawa - ana kiran cholesterol mai kyau "mai kyau" saboda ba ɓangaren filayen ba. Don cikakken magani, ana buƙatar haɓaka matakinsu da ƙananan taro na lipoproteins mai yawa.
Maganin cutar ta metabolism kalma ce ta asali don bayyanai dayawa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kiba mai ciki (yawan kitse a cikin ciki), rage haƙuri haƙuri (rashin daidaituwa na hankali), ƙara yawan triglycerides a cikin jini, da hauhawar jijiya.
Haɓaka abubuwanda ke haifar da haɗari
Rukunin rukuni na uku na shinkafa shine abin da ake kira "wasu." Sune dogara gaba daya akan mutumin da kansa, kuma kasancewarsu cikin rayuwarmu za'a iya kawar dasu gaba daya.
Rayuwa ta katsewa - a kimiyance magana, wannan shine rashin aiki a zahiri. Ga mutane dayawa, aikin yana da alaƙa da komfutoci, rakodin na dindindin, kuma duk wannan ma yana faruwa a cikin ofis. Irin wannan aikin ba shi da kyau a kan janar sojojin jiki. Mutane da sauri suna samun karin fam, suna zama ƙasa da tauri, ƙara ƙaruwa na iya bayyana, wanda, bi da bi, zai shafi tsarin jijiyoyin bugun gini.
Motsa zuciya - damuwa shine ɗayan abubuwanda ke haifar da hauhawar jini. Kamar yadda kuka sani, alhali jiragen suna ƙarƙashin tsawan spasm. A wannan lokacin, membrane na tsoka na shawo kan jijiyoyin rauni ne. Wannan yana shafar sauran guda biyu daga cikin membranes - mucosa da serous. Ko da ƙarancin rauni zuwa gawarwa ya zama ƙofar zuwa wuce haddi a jikin mutum.
Al'adun giya na yau da kullun - Al'adun giya da dabi'unsa yana cikin abubuwan guba. Ya hanyar rarraba dukkan nau'ikan tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a jiki, wannan yana nunawa a cikin karfin mai.
Daidaita lafiyar lipid a cikin jini ya rikice, kuma an fara aiwatar da kirkirar filayen atherosclerotic.
Patanatomi da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na atherosclerosis
Dukkanin hanyoyin da ke faruwa a cikin tasoshin da atherosclerosis ana nazarin su dalla-dalla ta hanyar kimiyyar da ake kira pathological anatomy (pathanatomy) da kuma ilimin ilimin halittar jini (pathophysiology). Sun bayyana cikakken pathogenesis na cutar.
Lalacewa ga bangon jirgin ruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kowane abu na waje ana kiran shi canji. Canje-canje yana haifar da lalatawar rujiyoyin ciki - artothelium. Saboda lalacewar endothelial, permeability na jijiyoyin jiki yana ƙaruwa da cikawa, haɓakar abubuwa na musamman waɗanda ke ɗora ƙwaƙwalwar jini da kuma takaita ɓarin jirgin.
Canji na jijiyoyin jiki game da atherosclerosis yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban, ko kwayoyin da suka wuce haddi. Bayan wani lokaci, akwai shiga ciki, wato, impregnation, na rufin ciki na jijiyoyin jikinsu ta hanyar kewaya sel a cikin jini wanda ake kira monocytes. Monocytes sun zama sel macrophage, waɗanda suke da ikon tara estrogen cholesterol. An canza isassun esters zuwa sel mai kumfa, wanda sune sune ake kira abubuwanda ake kira lippsps na kwalliyar ciki Macrophages yana haɓaka abubuwa na musamman waɗanda ke taɓar da ƙwaƙwalwar haɗin haɗin gwiwa. An maye gurbin madaidaiciyar ruɓi na jijiya da ƙwaya. A cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, ana kiran wannan tsari sclerosis. Hakanan ana iya faruwa da cututtukan Sclerosis bayan infarction na zuciya.
Dukkanin hanyoyin da ke sama suna haifar da kumburi mai kauri a cikin tasoshin. Cike da ƙwayar cuta na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta a hankali Wannan kwalalin kwayar sel ce mai jikin kwayar halitta. An bambanta lokutan farko da na marigayi. Farko, ko na farko, filayen kansu rawaya ne, masu eccentric kuma ba'a gano su tare da ƙarin hanyoyin bincike ba. Idan plaque launin rawaya ya lalace ko ya lalace, to, ƙwayar jini ta haifar, wanda yake haifar da abin da ake kira ciwo na jijiyoyin zuciya.
Na dogon lokaci, makoma, ko fari, faranti suna yin tsari. Ana kuma kiran su fibrotic. An gano su a wuri ɗaya na ɗaukacin jirgin ruwa kuma suna haifar da mummunan damuwa na rashin damuwa kuma ana bayyana su a cikin harin angina.
Dangane da duk hanyoyin da aka bayyana na canje-canje na hanyoyin cuta, matakai 5 na atherosclerosis an rarrabe su:
- Tsarin Dolipid - a wannan yanayin, tasoshin da kansu ba a lalata ba tukuna, kawai ƙarfinsu ga low-yawa lipoprotein cholesterol (atherogenic cholesterol) yana ƙaruwa.
- Lipoidosis shine mataki na samar da tsoka mai saurin motsa jiki yayin da lipoproteins kawai suka fara tarawa a cikin cikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin wuya.
- Liposclerosis - sabbin ƙwayoyin haɗin haɗin haɗin da ke cikin sabon farawa suna fara ƙarawa zuwa tarawar ƙwayar tsoka, saboda abin da filayen ke ƙaruwa;
- Atheromatosis rauni ne na ƙwarƙwarar ƙwayar cuta ta mahaifa.
Mataki na ƙarshe shine atherocalcinosis - akwai tarawa da tara adadin salts na baƙin ƙarfe akan farfan.
Bayyanar cututtuka na ci gaban atherosclerosis
Ana gano cutar ta Atherosclerosis dangane da koke-koken marasa lafiya. A zahiri, wannan ita ce alamar cutar. Ya dogara kai tsaye a kan wurin da ake aiwatar da cututtukan cututtukan jini. Akwai manyan jijiyoyin jiki waɗanda suke shan wahala galibi.
Magungunan jijiyoyin zuciya - suna shafar galibi. A lokaci guda, atherosclerosis shine mafi yawan lokuta ana kashewa, shine, kusan rufe gaba ɗaya jikin jirgin. Ana bayyana shi yawanci a cikin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini (CHD). Marasa lafiya sau da yawa suna fuskantar kaifi na ƙonewa, matsanancin zafi a bayan sternum, wanda yawanci ke haɗuwa da ƙoƙarin jiki ko motsa rai. Hare-hare na iya kasancewa tare da shortarancin numfashi da kuma jin tsananin tsoron mutuwa. Tare da lalata lalacewar arteries, infarction na zuciya na iya ingantawa.
Aortic arch - tare da shan kashi, marasa lafiya na iya koka da tsananin damuwa, asarar lokaci na lokaci, ji na rauni. Tare da mafi yawan rauni mai rauni, ana iya cin zarafin aikin haɗi da babbar murya.
Cirebral arteries - mafi yawan lokuta ana cutar dasu ne tun tsufa. Matakin farko na cututtukan mahaifa atherosclerosis yana tare da ciwo a cikin kai, raunin ƙwaƙwalwa, rashin ƙarfi, yanayin haƙuri, rashin haƙuri da kuma rashin daidaituwa na ƙarshe. A kusan dukkanin marasa lafiya, akwai alamar Ribot, wanda a cikin tunaninsu suna tuna abubuwan da suka faru na tsawon lokaci, amma ba za su iya faɗi abin da ya faru safiyar yau ko jiya ba. Sakamakon cututtukan mahaifa atherosclerosis, bugun jini na iya haɓaka.
Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta sune tasoshin abubuwan da ke cikin hanji. A wannan yanayin, marasa lafiya za su koka da ƙonewa, zafin ciki wanda ba a iya jurewa ba, raunin kwance.
Tashin jijiyoyi - a farko, ƙananan ciwon baya na faruwa. Sannan, matsin lamba na iya ƙaruwa ba da ma'ana ba, wanda yake da matukar wuya a rage shi da magani.
Kwayoyin jijiyoyin ƙananan ƙarshen - suna wahala sau da yawa a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari. Mutane za su koka da yawan kwantar da ƙafafu, yawan su, da kuma ci gaban gashi a kan fata na ƙafafu. Wasu lokuta kafafu na iya juya shuɗi. Hakanan, marasa lafiya ba za su iya yin tafiya mai nisa na dogon lokaci ba, kuma ana tilasta su dakatar da lokaci-lokaci, yayin da ƙafafunsu ke narkewa, juyayi, fara farawa, kuma "kumburin Goose" suna gudana a ƙafafunsu. Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka sune rashin daidaituwa a jiki. A cikin lokaci mai zuwa, ƙaiƙayin trophic na iya bayyana akan fatar. A nan gaba, wannan na iya haɓakawa zuwa ga '' gangrene '' idan har ɓarkewar ɓarna ta ɓullo, toshe ragowar ƙananan ƙarshen tare da atherosclerosis na zama tilas.
Dukkanin jiragen ruwa, banda kwakwalwa, ana kiransu karin abubuwa, ko karinsu.
Jiyya da rigakafin atherosclerosis ya ƙunshi bin tsarin abincin da likita ya umarta, shan magungunan anticholesterolemic waɗanda ke taimakawa tsaftace tasoshin jini daga filayen. Hakanan kuna buƙatar motsa jiki akai-akai, zaku iya bin shawarwarin don amfani da magungunan jama'a, wanda za'a iya shirya shi a gida. Zai zama dole a kula da shi na dogon lokaci ba tare da tsangwama ba, tun da sakamako na farko zai zama sananne ne bayan shekara guda.
Yadda za a gano atherosclerosis a farkon matakai an bayyana shi a cikin bidiyon a wannan labarin.
