Duk da cewa yanayin hawan jini shine mafi mahimmancin sakamako a cikin aikin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, mutane da yawa basu san ma'anar lambobin 120/80 ba.
A halin yanzu, yana da matukar muhimmanci a san ma'anar lambobi yayin da ake auna karfin hawan jini, tunda suna nuna tunani ne na aikin da yanayin tsarin haiatopoietic.
A karon farko, na’urar da za ta ba ka damar auna hawan jini ya kasance likitan Rasha Nikolai Korotkov ne ya kirkiresu. Wannan na'urar ana kiranta tonometer. Yayin da yake aiki a Kwalejin Imperial na St. Petersburg, ya kirkiro wata hanya don tantance matakai 5 na sautunan jijiyoyin jini, waɗanda ake kira "Korotkov sautunan". Wannan sabuwar halitta ta taimaka wa likitan sosai gwargwadon aikin systolic da hawan jini.
Abubuwan tushen hanyar sune kamar haka:
- a farkon kashi, sautunan kullun suna bayyana, wanda ke ƙaruwa lokacin da aka lalata cuff - wannan alama ce ta hauhawar jini na systolic;
- a kashi na biyu, ban da alamu na sama, hayaniya "busawa" ta bayyana;
- sautuka da sautuna sun isa ga majami'ar su a mataki na uku;
- kashi na hudu shine saboda bacewar amo da kuma rauni na saututtuka, ana iya amfani dashi don tantance karfin jini ga wadanda basu da kashi na biyar (kashi na karshe yawanci basa nan a cikin mutanen da suke fama da hawan jini koda yaushe, yara, mata a matsayi mai ban sha'awa, a zazzabi mai zafi);
- cikakken bacewar saututtuka yana faruwa a cikin kashi na biyar, yayin da alamomi a kan sphygmomanometer suna nuna karfin jini na jini.
An auna rukunin ma'aunin karfin jini a cikin milimita na Mercury, wannan tsarin aunawa ya kasance al'ada ce tun lokacin Nikolai Sergeyevich Korotkov.
Har zuwa kwanan nan, akwai wani ra'ayi cewa tsofaffi ne kawai ke da matsala tare da matsin lamba, amma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna yanayin juzu'i, lokacin da matasa 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 30 suka koka da rashin lafiyar da ke haifar da karkata daga ƙa'idar ilimin hawan jini.
Hanyar rayuwa ta zamani tana cutar da jiki sosai, saboda mutane da yawa suna siya tanomita, wanda ke taimakawa wajen tantance yanayin hauhawar jini. Amfani da shi mai sauqi qwarai, babban abu shine a harba mashin zuwa matakin sikelin na 40 milimita na ma'aunin Mercury fiye da darajar da ake tsammani.
Na gaba, kuna buƙatar sakin iska daga cikin kuran na'urar a cikin saurin rarrabuwa a cikin 1 na biyu - wannan yanayi ne mai mahimmanci don aunawa daidai. Kuna iya amfani da mitomita na lantarki, alamunta sun fi daidai, wanda ke sauƙaƙe aiki a gida.
Kadan za suyi jayayya cewa mafi mahimmancin sashin jiki shine zuciya, wanda ke fitar da jini a jiki baki ɗaya ta hanyar jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini, suna ba dukkan gabobin abinci da iskar oxygen. Don distillation na ruwa mai nazarin halittu, akwai da'irori biyu na tasoshin, waɗanda suka bambanta da girma.
Ofayansu, ƙarami ne, yana cikin huhu, wanda ke wadatar da tsokar jikin ta da oxygen, yayin cire carbon dioxide. Na biyu yana samarda iskar jini ga dukkan sassan jikin mutum.
Aiki ne na yau da kullun na waɗannan tsarin samar da jini guda biyu waɗanda aka auna tare da tonometer. Wannan yana haifar da "matsa lamba" na jini, wanda ke haɓaka tare da taimakon ƙwayar zuciya. Likitocin da ke sauraren zuciya suna iya cewa tabbas yana aiki a cikin rawar bugun biyu, daban-daban a girma.
Don madaidaicin rabo na diastolic (ƙananan) da systolic (babba) matsa lamba na jini, aiki na yau da kullun na tsarin juyayi da ƙa'idodin ƙwaƙwalwar mutum yana da mahimmanci. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar "na'urori masu auna sigari" a cikin jijiyoyin jini wadanda suke kula da yanayin tunanin mutum.
Yana da godiya ga kasancewar masu karɓa a cikin tasoshin jini wanda kwakwalwa ke koya game da karuwa ko raguwar matsin lamba a ɗayan tashoshin. Lokacin da irin wannan siginar ta zo, kwakwalwa yana aiwatar da wannan bayanin kuma ya aika da wani don kawar da matsalar kuma daidaita al'ada alamu na jini (DD) da na sama (DM) alamun jini.
Rea'idar aiki tare da hemodynamics (hanyar humasin) ta ƙunshi a cikin adrenaline samar da glandar adrenal, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar matsin lamba.
Tunda an riga an yi bayanin shi sama da yadda ake auna karfin jini na mutum, mutum na iya zuwa kai tsaye zuwa lambobin tonometer, waɗanda aka ɗauka cewa al'ada ce a cikin wasu tsararraki. Auna karfin karfin jini na iya zama duka na inji da na atomatik tonometer.
Akwai ƙungiyoyi da yawa na yawan karfin jini wanda akwai bambanci ga alamu:
- Rukunin farko na farko sun hada da mutane masu shekaru 15 zuwa 21. Ana nuna su da alamomi: babba - 100, ƙananan - 80. Rage 10 daga kowane bangare ba a la'akari da cutar ba.
- A cikin rukunin mutane daga shekaru 22 zuwa shekaru 40, ka'idodin zai kasance 120/80. Matsaloli masu yuwuwa: babba + 10, ƙananan + 5.
- Karatun tonometer ba sama da 140/90 halaye ne na ƙungiyar daga shekara 41 zuwa 60.
- Bayan kai shekara 70, rarrabuwa ba ta wuce 150/100 iyakokin halal ne na halal.
Idan aka lura da sabawa akan ka’idar, to yakamata a ɗauki matakan, in ba haka ba hauhawar jini na iya haɓaka, sakamakon wanda babu makawa ya zama tashin hankali.
Lokacin auna karfin karfin jini, hannun ya kamata ya kwance har yanzu, kuma an sanya tonometer a kan jijiya. Wannan ya wajaba don ƙarin daidaituwa game da aikin na'urar aunawa. Belowasa da ke nuna alamun ƙananan matsin lamba, wanda zai ba ka damar saka idanu akan yanayin hauhawar jini, ba tare da barin gidanka ba.
- mafi kyawun ƙimar diastolic hawan jini bai wuce raka'a 80 ba;
- karkacewa +10 zuwa karatun raka'a 89 ba a la'akari da shi wata cuta;
- idan alamu sun kasance raka'a 90 - 94 - ana ɗaukar wannan ƙara matsin lamba;
- alamomin raka'a 95 - 100 suna nuna matakin farko na hauhawar jini;
- idan matakin DD ya wuce raka'a 120, to wannan babban matsin lamba ne.
Misali mai kyau na abin da waɗannan lambobin zasu iya ma'ana: alamomin raka'a 65 na iya nuna alamun tashin hankali.
Alamar sa suna kasawa, asarar hankali. Amma ya fi kyau kada a jira har alamun cutar sankara ta bayyana, amma don neman taimako daga likitoci.
Masu nuna alamun hawan jini a sama sun dogara da aikin zuciya, tashin hankali na jijiyoyin jiki, da karfin su na iya tsayawa, da yawaitar rikicewar kwakwalwar zuciya.
Masu zuwa sune alamomin hawan jini na systolic:
- Mafi kyawun mai nunawa shine raka'a 120.
- Karkatar da -10 bawai nazarin cuta ba ne;
- Manuniya a cikin yanki na 121 - 140 raka'a na iya zama masu lalata bugun jini;
- Idan mutum yana da alamomi sama da raka'a 141, to akwai digiri 1 na hauhawar jini;
- Figures wanda ya wuce matakin raka'a 160 yana nuna digiri na biyu na cutar;
- Digiri na uku shine raka'a 180.
Idan kun ji rashin lafiya, ya kamata ku nemi shawarar likita, kuma kada kuyi tunanin dalilin da yasa wannan ya zama dole. Ana gano hauhawar jini ne kawai bayan kulawa akai-akai game da yanayin hauhawar jini, don haka ya fi kyau kula da lafiyarku ta hanyar hana cutar cutar da cutar daga baya.
Ya kamata a lura cewa yayin daukar ciki, ana aiwatar da ma'aunin matsakaici daban-daban, kuma alamu na iya bambanta.
Bayan bincika ƙimar alamun ƙimanin tonometer kuma tunawa a cikin abin da aka auna raka'a na jini, zamu iya zuwa ɓangaren ƙarshe - bambancin bugun jini.
Ana amfani da wannan kalmar don nufin rabo tsakanin babba da ƙananan alamu na hawan jini.
Idan matsi na al'ada ne, to wannan adadi kada ya kasance ƙasa da 30 kuma sama da 40.
Misali, ga alama haka:
- mafi nuna alama shine raka'a 120;
- ƙananan - raka'a 80;
- 120 - 80 = 40, wanda yayi daidai da al'ada.
Tare da alamomi na 210 zuwa 120, ƙaramin adadi shine 90, waɗannan alamu suna iya nufin abu ɗaya ne kawai - mutum yana da ilimin cutar sankara. Babban adadi a cikin raguwa galibi ana lura da shi a cikin mutanen da suka yi ritaya. Lokacin da sama da shekaru, mafi yawan lokuta ana binciken hauhawar jini.
Matsayin hauhawar jini da bugun zuciya shine tushe don lafiyar duk kwayoyin halittar. Idan akwai matsala a cikin aikinsa, wataƙila dalilin shine babba ko ƙarami.
Haɓakawa ko raguwa a cikin bugun zuciya na iya lalacewa ta hanyar yawan motsa rai, girgiza da aka samu, juyayi mai wucewa. Hakanan ana shigarda kyawawan halaye na gari. Idan kun lura da lafiyarku kuma akai-akai gwargwadon karfin jini, wannan zai taimaka wajen hana bugun jini. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a ziyarci likita a kai a kai, da yin la’akari da shawarwarinsa dangane da salon rayuwa mai lafiya.
Game da diastolic da systolic matsa lamba aka bayyana a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
